Muhammad Ashraf Khan
@uop.edu.pk
Senior subject specialist (Biology), GHSS Muryali Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Elementary and Secondary Education Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
I am born on November 9, 1972
EDUCATION
PhD in Environmental Sciences
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Insect ecology and behavior, biological control and IPM, epidemiology in human
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Gastroenteritis is a digestive disorder among children with symptoms of abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, and vomiting. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis in children in the Bannu district in 2019, and also contributed for adopting preventive measures to reduce mortality in children. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis in children in Bannu. The data were collected from official registers of admission maintained in the children wards in the Women and Children Hospital, Bannu. Patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis at the outpatient department were admitted to one of the children wards. Overall, 1456 children—897 (61.4%) males and 559 (38.6%) females—suffered from gastroenteritis during the study period. The age group ≤6 months demonstrated the highest share (37.8%), followed by >6 m ≤ 1y (35.5%), >1y ≤ 2y (15.8%), >2y ≤ 5y (7.3%), >5 ≤ 10y (3.2%), and > 10y ≤ 15y (0.4%). Overall, 89.1% of cases were from children ≤2 years old and 96.4% of cases were attributed to children ≤ 5 years of age. April demonstrated the highest percentage of prevalence of 17.7, followed by May (13.5%), November (13%), June (11.7%), September (10.4%), October (9.8%), July (9.5%), August (8.4%), March (3.4%), and February (2.6%). The age group ≤6 m was the dominant group during February through May and was replaced by the age group >6 m ≤ 1y during August through November. Gastroenteritis showed a reduced prevalence when shifted from lower to higher age groups. Being male and age group ≤6 m showed the highest prevalence of gastroenteritis with the peak of disease in April. Further research is needed to determine the cause-based prevalence of different gastroenteritis cases in the study area.
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Viral hepatitis causes both liver inflammation and damage and is a serious health problem. Methods The indoor data of different types of hepatitis were collected from the official records of the administration of District Head Quarter Hospital Dera Ismail Khan for 2 years (2020–2021). Results A total of 1193 cases of viral hepatitis during the study period were found including viral hepatitis C accounted for 547 (45.9%) cases, followed by the co-infection of viral hepatitis A and E 367 (30.8%) cases, and viral hepatitis B 279 (23.4%) cases. March showed the highest prevalence of hepatitis (33.2%), followed by February (10.2%). The co-infection of hepatitis A and E showed a relatively higher prevalence in 6 months from May to November except September including a peak in June (76.5%) during the study period. While viral hepatitis B demonstrated a comparatively higher percentage prevalence in both February and September with a peak in February (68%), and viral hepatitis C is dominant in January, March, and December with a peak in March (83.8%). Conclusion All types of viral hepatitis showed variation in prevalence over months and monthly variation concerning peak prevalence exists among different types of hepatitis. Both viral hepatitis A and E demonstrated similar trend in relative prevalence in both 2020 and 2021. Nevertheless, viral hepatitis A and B showed monthly and seasonal variation in relatively prevalence in both years. The study help in adopting strategies for the prevention of viral hepatitis in the study area.
M. Khan
Background and Objectives: Malaria is one of the serious infections worldwide and is a global major health concern. The preset study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria in Kot Kashmir (during 2017–2018) and Serai Gambila (in 2015) in the District Lakki Marwat. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted by collecting the data recorded in the official registers and data were consolidated into different age groups and months. Results: Overall Plasmodium vivax accounted for >98% and Plasmodium falciparum <2% of malaria and males showed 56.5% of malaria. August showed the highest prevalence of 20% cases, while February revealed the lowest prevalence of 2.1% cases. Overall males showed higher rates of malaria than females in all the months and all the age groups except equal rates for the month of February in the age group <5 years and May in the age group of 31–45 years, while the age group of 5–14 years showed the highest prevalence of 242 (41.4%) cases, and the age group of 46–60 years demonstrated the lowest prevalence of 24 (4.1%) cases, and patients of ≤30 years contributed to 85.5% of malaria. Age groups of ≤14 years contributed to 78.2% of malaria in Kot Kashmir, while, age groups of 5–30 years demonstrated 75.7% of malaria in Serai Gambila. Conclusions: Overall malaria, as well as vivax malaria in males, steadily increased from April to August followed gradually decreased from the age group of 15–30 years to age group >60 years.
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Integration of chemical and biological controls is an important tactic of integrated pest management. Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) is an important natural enemy of lepidopteran pests. However, the minute parasitoids are adversely affected by most pesticides. Effects of acute mortality and parasitism of selected novel pesticides on adults of T. chilonis exposed to the dried residues of field doses for 24 h on glass surface were evaluated. Acetamiprid, spinetoram and fipronil induced mortality of > 95%, followed by abamectin (ranged 71.3–83.5%) in four residual-age treatments. Spiromesifen, haloxyfop-p-methyl, mixture of pyraclostrobin + metiram and mixture of trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole revealed mortality of ≤ 36.4% in all treatments (when female parasitoids were exposed to 1 day, 5 days, 10 days and 15 days after treatments). Bispyribac sodium induced mortality of ranged 51.1–54.9% in 1- and 5-day treatments, and approximately ≤ 10% in others (10-day and 15-day treatment). Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella in acetamiprid, spinetoram, fipronil and abamectin treatments showed ≤ 36% parasitism relative to controls in all treatments. Spirotetramat, bispyribac sodium, nicosulfuron, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin + metiram resulted in parasitism rates of 49.2–71.2% and 81.5–93.8% in 1-day and 15-day treatment, respectively. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus, chlorantraniprole, spiromesifen haloxyfop-p-methyl, chlorothalonil + procymidone and myclobutanil showed ≥ 80.6% parasitism in all treatments. Thus, acetamiprid, spinetoram, fipronil and abamectin were the most harmful among the pesticides used for both emergence and parasitism, while remaining pesticides demonstrated relatively compatibility with the emergence as well as parasitism by the minute parasitoids, and can be integrated with the minute parasitoid in agroecosystem.
Muhammad Ashraf Khan and John R Ruberson
Wiley
BACKGROUND
Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important egg parasitoid and biological control agent of caterpillar pests. We studied the acute toxicity of 20 pesticides (14 insecticides/miticides, three fungicides and three herbicides) exposed to recommended field rates. Egg, larval, and pupal stages of the parasitoid in their hosts were dipped in formulated solutions of the pesticides and evaluated 10 days later for percentage of host eggs with holes, number of parasitoids emerged per egg with holes, and stage-specific mortality of immature as well as adult wasps within the host eggs.
RESULTS
Seven insecticides (buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, spirotetramat, flonicamid, flubendiamide) and miticides (spiromesifen, cyflumetofen), one herbicide (nicosulfuron), and three fungicides (myclobutanil, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole) caused no significant mortality to immature stages or pre-emergent adult parasitoids relative to controls. By contrast, seven insecticides/miticides (abamectin, acetamiprid, dinotefuran, fipronil, novaluron, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad) adversely affected immature and pre-emergent adult T. pretiosum, with tolfenpyrad being particularly lethal. Two herbicides had moderate (glufosinate ammonium) to severe (s-metolachlor) acute lethal effects on the immature parasitoids.
CONCLUSIONS
This study corroborates earlier findings with adult T. pretiosum. Over half of the pesticides - and all the fungicides - tested in the current study would appear to be compatible with the use of T. pretiosum in integrated pest management programs, with respect to acute parasitoid mortality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Muhammad Ashraf Khan
Elsevier BV
Abstract Microbial insecticides are effective, environmental friendly and are widely used worldwide to control insect pests. Nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses belonging to family Baculoviridae are widely used for control of caterpillar pests on wide varieties of crops and vegetables. The selected baculoviruses (BVs) were evaluated for oviposition preference by Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) of virus treated and untreated (water: control) host eggs ( Sitotroga cerealella Olivier), which revealed no significant difference among the used concentrations regarding oviposition preference. All the used concentrations of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV), Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) and Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) including 12.5×, 6.25×, 2.5×, 1.25× and 0.625× were harmless ( E > 30%) for parasitism by T. chilonis as comparison of virus treated and untreated control eggs showed similar parasitism i.e., ⩽15% reduction over control in parasitism. Thus it was concluded that all three types of baculoviruses were compatible with the parasitism by T. chilonis at all treated concentrations.
Muhammad Ashraf Khan, Hizbullah Khan, and John R Ruberson
Wiley
BACKGROUND
Growing demand for reduced chemical inputs in agricultural systems requires more effective integration of biological control with pesticides. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley is an important natural enemy of lepidopteran pests, used in biological control. In an investigation of the interaction of T. pretiosum and pesticides, we studied the acute toxicity of 19 pesticides (insecticides, miticides, fungicides and herbicides) to adult parasitoids and the behavioral effects of 11 pesticides on foraging parasitoid females, including host antennation, stinging and host feeding.
RESULTS
At recommended field doses, fipronil, dinotefuran, spinetoram, tolfenpyrad and abamectin induced nearly 100% adult mortality within 24 h of exposure to treated cotton leaves by comparison with controls. Acetamiprid was also toxic, but significantly less so than the former materials. The other pesticides had no significant toxic effects. Only glufosinate ammonium exhibited increased toxicity among the non-toxic materials when increased two- or fourfold over recommended rates. The foraging behavior of parasitoids was affected only by tolfenpyrad among the materials tested.
CONCLUSION
Most novel pesticides, except for several insecticides, exhibited little to no acute toxicity to the parasitoid. Parasitoid foraging behavior was only affected by tolfenpyrad, indicating that parasitoids could successfully forage on eggs treated with most pesticides evaluated. Therefore, many of these pesticides may have good compatibility with Trichogramma.