Mubashir Zafar
@iau.edu.sa
Assistant Professor and Public Health
Imamm Abdul Rehman Bin Faisal University
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Mubashir Zafar and Abdullah D. Alotaibi
Medknow
Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (tinnitus) is common among young adults. There are different medical determinants which caused tinnitus symptoms, but lifestyle determinant is an important cause of tinnitus. This study determines the relationship between lifestyle determinants with tinnitus among adults through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The study design for this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis; different search engines were used for the literature review: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Those article in which tinnitus caused by tumors, syndrome and medical or surgical caused were excluded. Data synthesis was done, and a total of 10 studies were pooled. Results: Smoking more than four times (odds ratio [OR]: 4.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–4.45), alcohol consumption 27% less likely (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.03–0.96), obesity two times more likely (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.71–5.20), and leisure noise exposure more than one time more likely (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05–3.78) were significantly associated with tinnitus. Conclusion: There is enough evidence that lifestyle determinants (smoking, obesity, and leisure noise exposure) are related to tinnitus. This study highlights the knowledge gap in association of tinnitus with lifestyle determinants and it will help the future direction of research in this domain of tinnitus.
Mubashir Zafar, Tafazzul H Zaidi, Nadira H Zaidi, Muhammad WN Ahmed, Sobia Memon, Faheem Ahmed, Amal Siddiqui, Abeen Fatima, Ayesha Shahid, Balaj Hussain,et al.
Informa UK Limited
Aim: In Pakistan, seeking help for mental health is considered a social stigma and a large number of medical students are suffering from mental health. This study aimed to investigate the attitude toward seeking professional care for mental health issues among medical students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 316 students selected through multistage stratified cluster sampling. With each academic year 500 students were enrolled. Linear regression analysis was used to find the association of outcome and independent variables. Results: Around 56% of students had a negative attitude toward seeking professional help. Common predictors associated with a negative attitude were age (p < 0.001), academic year (p < 0.001) and with self-harm behavior (p < 0.001). Conclusion: University students generally had moderate intentions to seek counseling regarding mental health.
Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi, Mubashir Zafar, Bahram Khan Khoso, Rabia Ghafoor, Saba Asghar, Saima Parveen, and Usaid Ahmed
African Journals Online (AJOL)
BACKGROUND: Acne is a common skin disorder among younger age group. Dietary pattern are the key determinants among acne patients. The objective of this study is to determine the association of acne vulgaris with dietary habits among patients at tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: it is a cross sectional study and participants were selected through simple random sampling from outpatient department of tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Patients presenting with acne irrespective of severity and treatment were included in the study. Bivariate analyses conducted at 95% CI and p=<0.05 considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Females gender (62%) and family history (61%) was significantly associated with acne. Face region was most (92%) affected by acne. GI upset most common co-morbid illness with Acne (p=0.006). After adjustment of covariate, those consume oily food [Daily oily food; Twice a weekly oily food)]; sugar rich food [Daily consumed sugar; Twice a weekly consumed] and less glass of water [8-10 glass per day; 6-8 glass per day; less than 6 glass per] were significantly associated with acne.CONCLUSION: Study found that un-healthy diet is significantly associated with acne. Common dietary predictors for acne were frequent use of oily food, sugary food, and less amount of drink water.
Tafuzzal Hyder Zaidi, Mubashir Zafar, Amber Ilyas, Momina khan, Rafia Ghani, Rahat Naz, and Ayesha Mubbashir
LLC Science and Innovations
Background — The mental health of medical students has long been a concern. Symptoms of depression and burnout are common among medical students, but the overlap of symptoms of both diseases with risk factors remains unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and depression symptoms’ overlap in medical students. Methods — This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the clinical course (3rd, 4th and 5th years). A multistage stratified random sampling design was used to select 284students that were offered a validated and structured questionnaire that included a modified Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess their emotional burnout and depression, respectively. Chi-square and multinomial regression analyses were done to identify overlapping symptoms of burnout and depression with association of risk factors with dependent variable. Results — Out of 284 students, 13% had symptoms of severe depression, 24% had high burnout symptoms, and 32% had overlapping symptoms of burnout and depression. In regression analysis, higher academic year more than 2 times (5th year, OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.42-7.96, p-value 0.004) and living at dormitory more than 3 times (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.97-5.01, p-value 0.003) were more likely associated with more extensive overlap of burnout and depression symptoms. Conclusion — There is a high prevalence of burnout and depression symptoms among medical students, with a strong association between the two disorders. Early burnout detection and psychiatric therapies given to affected students and these disorders management training at medical school, may help reduce negative consequences of these conditions.
Mubashir Zafar, Syed Monwar Alam Shahid, Abdul Aziz Alazmmy, Mohammed Hammed Altarjami, Mohammed Ayedh Alswaidan, Abdul Rehman Alasiri, Hammed Ali Alshammari, and Abdullah Aziz
Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
Fahaad Alenazi, Saheem Ahmad, Mohd Saleem, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Mubashir Zafar, Mohammed Salem Alharbi, Turki Al Hagbani, and Mohd Yasir Khan
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Background: Glycation of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) molecule with monosaccharides may cause significant structural disability thus resulting in their loss of function. The accumulation of AGEs formed from glycation play an important role in the aliments associated with metabolic diseases. Therefore, excess of sugar in plasma, interferes with the functioning of IgG and may contribute to wide range of diabetes-associated complications. The long-term formation of these heterogeneous AGEs may accumulate and can affect plasma proteins, especially long-lived proteins. In this study, we analyze glycation of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) with 2’-deoxyribose (deoxyribose) instigated modification in IgG structure and AGEs formation. Methods: This study aims to glycate IgG from varying concentrations of a pentose sugar, 2’-deoxy-ribose (deoxyribose). Post glycation of IgG, both the native and its glycated analogue were characterized by various physicochemical methods and techniques. The glycated protein will be assessed for its stability and perturbations by UV-VIS., fluorescence and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, the early glycation product will be done by NBT assay and other biochemical parameters like HMF, carbonyl content and thioflavin-T assays were also performed to see the biochemical changes induced in the glycated IgG macromolecule. Results: Glycation of protein macromolecules generates stable early glycation products (Amadori products). Later on, these Amadori products involve in series of chemical reactions to form more stable advanced glycation end products (AGEs).Our experimental study results could validate the modification in IgG structure and AGEs formation. Conclusion: The formation of IgG-AGEs from glycation of IgG with deoxyribose could exert cellular toxicity and might initiates secondary complications of diabetes. Therefore, this study emphasized on glycation reaction of IgG from deoxyribose and which has not been reported yet.
Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi, Mubashir Zafar, Zafar Haleem Baloch, Alisha Shakeel, Nouman Mansoor Ali, Beenish Nisar Ahmed, Muhammad Amash Khan, Rafia Masood, Iman Fatima, and Sarah Shakeel
Future Science Ltd
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common public health issue among students. Methodology: A total of 300 undergraduate students were selected through multistage cluster sampling from three public-sector universities. Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) were used for determining the quality of life. Chi-square and independent t-test were used. Results: About 46% and 54% (p = 0.001) of social science and health science students were suffering from CRS, respectively. Around 7% and 9% of CRS patients had poor quality of life according to SNOT-22 and RSDI, respectively (p = 0.042 and p = 0.032, respectively). Conclusion: Quality of life was affected in all domains of SNOT-22 and RSDI.
Fahaad Alenazi, Mohd Saleem, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Mubashir Zafar, Mohammed Salem Alharbi, Turki Al Hagbani, Mohd Yasir Khan, Waseem Ahmad, and Saheem Ahmad
Wiley
Biosynthetic procedure is one of the best alternatives, inexpensive and ecologically sound for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of medicinal plant. The main prospect of this study was to investigate the antiglycation activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP) prepared by ethanolic leaf extract of the Coleus scutellarioides. In this study, biosynthesized TNP characterized with UV‐Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. These TNP were further investigated with respect to their antiglycation property and it was checked in the mixture of d‐ribose glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) by measuring ketoamine, carbonyl content, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aggregation of protein instigated by glycation process. The inhibitory effect of TNP to restore the structure of BSA in presence of d‐ribose were also characterize by biophysical techniques mentioned above. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest repurposing of TNP for its antiglycation property that could be helpful in prevention of glycation instigated AGEs formation and structural loss of proteins.
Fahaad Alenazi, Mohd Saleem, Azharuddin Sajid Syed Khaja, Mubashir Zafar, Mohammed Salem Alharbi, Turki Al Hagbani, Jalaluddin Mohammad Ashraf, Mohammad Qamar, Zeeshan Rafi, and Saheem Ahmad
Wiley
The generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through nonenzymatic protein glycation contributes to the pathogenesis of long‐lived diabetic problems. Metformin (MTF) is the very first drug having antihyperglycemic effects on type II diabetes mellitus which also possess interaction with dicarbonyl compounds and blocks the formation of AGEs. In the current study, MTF is bioconjugated with glycation‐derived synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of significant size. Additionally, using various biophysical and biochemical approaches, we investigated the antiglycating capacity MTF‐GNPs in contrast to MTF against d‐ribose‐derived glycation of bovine serum albumin. Our key findings via utilizing various assays demonstrated that MTF‐GNPs were able to inhibit AGEs development by reducing hyperchromicity, early glycation products, carbonyl content, hydxoxymethylfurfural content, production of fluorescent AGEs, normalizing the loss of secondary structure (i.e., α‐helix and β‐sheets) of proteins, elevating the levels of free lysine and free arginine more efficiently compared to pure MTF. Based on these results, we concluded that MTF‐GNPs possess a considerable antiglycation property and may be developed as an outstanding anti‐AGEs treatment drug. Further in vivo and clinical research are necessary to determine the therapeutic effects of MTF‐GNPs against AGE‐related and metabolic disorders.
Tafazzul Hyder Zaidi, Mubashir Zafar, Rahat Naz, Syed Shoeb Ahmed, Ishaa Saleem, Koonj Sundardas, Aiman Aamir, Misbah Yousuf, Rubab Zehra, and Tehreem Siraj
Elsevier BV
Faisal Alsharani, M. Zafar, Eltigani Osman Omar and Muzaheed
Background: Tuberculosis remains to be a major public health problem. Lifestyle factors that have indirectly influence to the burden of tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to determine the lifestyle risk factors associated with tuberculosis patients in Asir region of KSA. Methods: We conducted a case-control study at the military hospital of Asir region of KSA. A total of 135 sample which is divided into 67 cases and 67 controls. Cases were included from hospital database between 2017 and 2018. Control were selected from patient attending the same hospital with respiratory disease other than tuberculosis. Data collection done through interview using a structured questionnaire. Lifestyle factors and socio-demographic factors associated with tuberculosis were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean age of study participants (cases and control) are 38.04 ± 9.66 and 40.16 ± 7.72 respectively. Most important factors associated with tuberculosis patients are overweight and obese [OR = 4.40, 95% CI 1.27-15.25 and 2.38 (1.61-9.22)], Smoker [OR = 1.34, 95% CI 0.52-3.43], abnormal sleep at night (<8 hours) [OR = 5.03, 95% CI 1.57-16.10], blue color job worker [OR = 2.69, 95% CI 1.02-7.28], physical exercise <3 days/week [OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.21-3.47]. Conclusions: In Saudi Arabia, a person's lifestyle and socioeconomic condition are associated with tuberculosis. Interventions focused on improving the quality of life through a reduction of risky lifestyle which prevent the spread of Tuberculosis in Saudi society and improve the efficiency of Saudi national tuberculosis control programme.
Mubashir Zafar, Abdul Kareem, Ali Fawaz, Reem Fares, and Wadha Saad
Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI
BACKGROUND: Research is the basic component of health science curriculum. AIM: The objective of the study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and barriers regarding health research among health science students. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study and 294 study participants were selected through stratified random sampling from different health science colleges (medicine, dental, nursing, and applied science). A validated, structured, and pre-tested questionnaire was used. Knowledge and attitudes were determined through scales. Analysis of variance and t-test were applied to determine the mean scores of knowledge and attitude, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine the factors which affect on knowledge and attitude. RESULTS: Knowledge and attitude mean scores were 4.36 ± 2.44 and 2.74 ± 1.17, respectively. Knowledge and attitude were increase significantly with increasing academic year of study in all health science colleges (Regression coefficient 0.043 [p = 0.032] and 0.005 [p = 0.040] for knowledge and attitudes, respectively). Most common barriers for research were lack of proper mentoring from the faculty staff and lack of time due to over burden with educational activities CONCLUSION: Health science students had moderate level of knowledge and attitude toward health research with common barrier which was lack of proper mentoring from the faculty. There is need for address the barrier for research and more integration of curriculum with research which improved the knowledge and attitude level.
Sumood Abdulbaqi Albasara, Mohammad Shafee Haneef, Mubashir Zafar, and Khawaja Ghulam Moinuddin
Pan African Medical Journal
Mubashir Zafar, KhaledF Salama, and EltiganiO.M Omer
Medknow
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) concentration levels in and around the fuel station and its harmful health effects in the city of Dammam and Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Forty fuel-dispensing facilities were randomly selected on the basis of three different areas: residential, traffic intersection, and petrol pump locations (refueling stations). Samples were collected using coconut shell charcoal cartridges, and the portable ambient analyzer was used for measuring BTEX concentration. Results: Results shows that the average concentration of BTEX levels around fuel stations was 10.30, 4.09, and 2.47 ppm, respectively. All mean concentration values of BTEX around residential, traffic intersection, and fuel stations are exceeding the limits of air quality standards values (P < 0.01). The mean concentration of BTEX around the residential area, side street, and direct street was as follows: benzene 8, 12.2, and 11.5 ppm; toluene 2.5, 5.95, and 3.37 ppm; and xylene 2, 2.13, and 2.7 ppm. Hazard quotient was >1, which showed that carcinogenic probability has increased those exposed to this toxic chemical. Conclusion: Values for BTEX were greater than those found in the neighboring residential area of the city and even 100 m away from the fuel station which can have a negative impact on the health of several residences. The environmental contamination associated with BTEX in petrol fuel stations impulses the necessity of preventive programs to reduce further air quality deterioration and reduce the harmful health effects.
Khaled F Salama, Eltigani Omar and M. Zafar
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) concentration levels in and around fuel station and its expected health risks in the City of Dammam and Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Method: Forty fuel dispensing facilities were randomly selected on the basis of three different areas, residential, traffic intersection, and petrol pump locations (refueling stations). coconut shell charcoal cartridges were used for samples collection and portable Ambient Analyzer was used for measuring BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) concentration. Results: Results show that the average concentration of benzene, toluene, and xylenes level around fuel stations was 10.30, 4.09, and 2.47 ppm, respectively. All means of concentration values of BTX around residential, traffic intersection, and fuel stations are exceeding the limits of air quality standards values (P < 0.01). The mean concentration of BTX around residential area, side street, and direct street was benzene 8, 12.2, and 11.5 ppm, toluene 2.5, 5.95, and 3.37 ppm, and xylenes 2, 2.13, and 2.7 ppm. Hazard Quotient (HQ) was more than >1 which showed that carcinogenic probability has increased those exposed to this toxic chemical. Conclusion: Ambient concentration of BTX was high compare to neighboring residential area and 100 m from the fuel station which can negatively affect on health of several residences. The Environmental contamination associated with BTX in petrol fuel stations impulses the necessity of preventive programs to reduce further air quality deterioration and reduce the expected health risks.
Mubashir Zafar, Eltigani Osman Musa Omer, Mohamed Elfatih Hassan, and Khalid Ansari
LLC Science and Innovations
Background — Sleep disorder is a common problem amongst medical students. The objective of this study is to determine the association of sleep disorder with academic performances among medical students in Sudan. Methods — A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 199 medical students were selected through simple random sampling techniques. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to assess the sleep pattern and daytime sleepiness respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of sleep disorder with academic performance. Results — Majority of the students (82.5%) suffered poor sleep quality and 56.5% were suffered from severe day time sleepiness. All the characteristics of sleep quality were associated with poor academic performance but only sleep duration, use of sleep medication, global PSQI score and day time sleepiness were a statistically significant association with poor academic performance. Conclusion — A high prevalence of sleep disorder and its associated with poor academic performance was found in medical students. There is a need for a formulation of policies to address the factors which affect sleep of students.
Mubashir Zafar, Rayed Alqahtani, and Sultan Al-Otaibi
Medknow
Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS) is a serious issue among nurses due to chronic exposure to work-related stress. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of BOS among psychiatric nurses in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 395 nurses were included through simple random sampling at a psychiatric hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure the burnout. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with BOS among nurses. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.43 ± 7.04 years. Most study participants were married (69.1%) Saudi (74.7%) males (68.4%), and the average time of service in the hospital was 13 years. Most of the participants (82.3%) had burnout, ranging from mild to very severe. After adjustment for covariates, we found that severe BOS was reported among Saudi nurses (odds ratio [OR] 3.28 and confidence interval [CI] 1.28–8.37) and among ex-smokers (OR 4.9, CI 1.39–17.5). Single participants reported moderate BOS (OR 2.37 and CI 1.19–4.72). These values were statistically significant. Conclusions: BOS is prevalent among psychiatric nurses. The most common factors associated with BOS were Saudi nationality, single status, and being an ex-smoker. There is a need for counseling services for nurses to address this issue.
Salem Alghamdi, E. Omer, M. Zafar and Hatem K. Herzallah
Background: Vitamin D deficiency has a far-reaching impact on several metabolic functions including cardiovascular health. This study aimed to test the association of serum 25 [OH]-vitamin D3 levels among cardiovascular disease (i.e., hypertension and ischemic heart disease) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 360 participants from the tertiary care hospital. The simple random technique was used to select the participants. Only Saudi nationals were included in the study. Sociodemographic information, nutritional status, biochemical parameter (lipid profile, blood glucose level), and questions relating to cardiovascular disease were collected from the hospital record through data collection sheet. Serum Vit D level was determined by serum 25 (OH) blood test. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 24 was used for data analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to indentify the associated factors of vitamin D deficiency among cardiovascular disease patients. Results: Approximately 40.6% and 27.8% of study participants had vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. After adjustment of covariates, among cardiac patients, vitamin D deficiency was associated with ischemic heart disease (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.11–4.52), and blood triglyceride level (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.22–4.22). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are associated with ischemic heart disease, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. There is a need for the screening of cardiovascular disease patients for vitamin D levels.