Maryam Rezai Rad
@sbmu.ac.ir
school of dentistry
Research Institute of dental sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
RESEARCH INTERESTS
dental stem cells, tissue engineering, dental stem cell banking, cell therapy, regenerative dentistry
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Sanaz Khaseb, Amir Atashi, Saeid Kaviani, Maryam Rezai Rad, Monireh Ajami, and Mansoureh Ajami
Elsevier BV
Ardeshir Lafzi, Azadeh Esmaeil Nejad, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mahshid Namdari, and Tohid Sabetmoghaddam
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Farshid Bastami, Saeed Farzad‐Mohajeri, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan, Mahboubeh Bohlouli, Hekmat Farajpour, Nasser Nadjmi, and Arash Khojasteh
Wiley
In vivo bioreactors serve as regenerative niches that improve vascularization and regeneration of bone grafts. This study has evaluated the masseter muscle as a natural bioreactor for βTCP or PCL/βTCP scaffolds, in terms of bone regeneration. The effect of pedicle preservation, along with sole, or MSC- or rhBMP2-combined application of scaffolds, has also been studied. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were randomly placed in six groups, including βTCP, βTCP/rhBMP2, βTCP/MSCs, PCL/βTCP, PCL/βTCP/rhBMP2, and PCL/βTCP/MSCs. During the first surgery, the scaffolds were implanted into the masseter muscle for being prefabricated. After 2 months, each group was divided into two subgroups prior to mandibular bone defect reconstruction; one with a preserved vascularized pedicle and one without. After 12 weeks, animals were euthanized, and new bone formation was evaluated using histological analysis. Histological analysis showed that all β-TCP scaffold groups had resulted in significantly greater rates of new bone formation, either with a pedicle surgical approach or non-pedicle surgical approach, comparing to their parallel groups of βTCP/PCL scaffolds (p ≤ .05). Pedicled β-TCP scaffold groups that were treated with either rhBMP2 (48.443% ± 0.250%) or MSCs (46.577% ± 0.601%) demonstrated the highest rates of new bone formation (p ≤ .05). Therefore, masseter muscle can be used as a local in vivo bioreactor with potential clinical advantages in reconstruction of human mandibular defects. In addition, scaffold composition, pedicle preservation, and treatment with MSCs or rhBMP2, influence new bone formation and scaffold degradation rates in the prefabrication technique.
F. Atarbashi-Moghadam, M. Rezai Rad, S. Sijanivandi, P. Khodayari and Masoumeh Mahmoum
The ultimate goal of periodontal treatments is the regeneration of all lost periodontal tissues including bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament (PDL). Until now, the clinical methods for periodontal regeneration have been associated with significant failure or incomplete success. Various studies have reported the promising effects of growth factors/cytokines on periodontal regeneration. Growth factors/cytokines include proteins or steroid hormones that bind to cellular receptors, known as signalling molecules, and that trigger cellular responses that eventually stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. The present review aims to provide an overview of the main growth factors that play an important role in and have been used in the regeneration of periodontal components.
Sanaz Khaseb, Mahdi Orooji, Majid Ghasemian Pour, Seyed Mohammadreza Safavi, Mohammad Jafar Eghbal, and Maryam Rezai Rad
Wiley
Dental tissue-derived stem cells (DSCs) provide an easy, accessible, relatively non-invasive promising source of adult stem cells (ASCs), which brought encouraging prospective for their clinical applications. DSCs provide a perfect opportunity to apply for a patient's own ASC, which poses a low risk of immune rejection. However, problems associated with the long-term culture of stem cells, including loss of proliferation and differentiation capacities, senescence, genetic instability, and the possibility of microbial contamination, make cell banking necessary. With the rapid development of advanced cryopreservation technology, various international DSC banks have been established for both research and clinical applications around the world. However, few studies have been published that provide step-by-step guidance on DSCs isolation and banking methods. The purpose of this review is to present protocols and technical details for all steps of cryopreserved DSCs, from donor selection, isolation, cryopreservation, to characterization and quality control. Here, the emphasis is on presenting practical principles in accordance with the available valid guidelines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Farnaz kouhestani, Maryam Rezai Rad, Sadra Mohaghegh, and Saeed Reza Motamedian
Wroclaw Medical University
BACKGROUND
Considering the complications associated with autogenous bone grafting, the use of freezedried bone allograft (FDBA) granules may be considered as an alternative treatment plan.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on both the proliferation and osteogenic capability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on FDBA granules.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
First, a pilot study was conducted only on DPSCs to confirm cellular viability and the osteoinducing effect of 100 μmol/L metformin. Next, the cells were loaded on FDBA granules and treated with and without metformin. Finally, the following analyses were performed: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (cell attachment); the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (proliferation); and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis (osteogenic differentiation).
RESULTS
The SEM images revealed that metformin enhanced the adhesion of DPSCs on FDBA granules. In addition, metformin was shown to increase cell proliferation/viability from day 1 to day 7. Compared to the control, a significant difference was observed after 7 days of treatment. Metformin enhanced the osteogenic capability of FDBA in both standard and osteoinducing conditions. An increase in ALP activity was significant after 7 days of treatment. The positive effect of metformin on differentiation was significant in osteoinducing conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Metformin can be applied as an additional osteoinductive factor in bone regeneration treatment. Moreover, scaffolds with controlled release of metformin can be considered a proper osteoinductive bone substitute that may lessen the complications related to applying allograft scaffolds alone.
Fatemeh Shekarchi, Maryam Rezai Rad, Beheshteh MalekAfzali, Sepanta Hosseinpour, and Arash Khojasteh
Elsevier BV
Sheida Hashemi, Leila Mohammadi Amirabad, Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri, Maryam Rezai Rad, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Mohammad Salehi, Masoud Soleimani, Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Production of a 3D bone construct with high-yield differentiated cells using an appropriate cell source provides a reliable strategy for different purposes such as therapeutic screening of the drugs. Although adult stem cells can be a good source, their application is limited due to invasive procedure of their isolation and low yield of differentiation. Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be an alternative due to their long-term self-renewal capacity and pluripotency after several passages, resolving the requirement of a large number of progenitor cells. In this study, a new biphasic 3D-printed collagen-coated HA/β-TCP scaffold was fabricated to provide a 3D environment for the cells. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized by the 3D laser scanning digital microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mechanical test. Then, the osteogenesis potential of the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds was investigated compared to the buccal fat pad stem cell (BFPSC)-seeded scaffolds through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro results demonstrated up-regulated expressions of osteogenesis-related genes of RUNX2 , ALP , BMP2 , and COL1 compared to the BFPSC-seeded scaffolds. In vivo results on calvarial defects in the rats confirmed a higher bone formation in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds compared to the BFPSC-seeded groups. The immunofluorescence assay also showed higher expression levels of collagen I and osteocalcin proteins in the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds. It can be concluded that using the hiPSC-seeded scaffolds can lead to a high yield of osteogenesis, and the hiPSCs can be used as a superior stem cell source compared to BFPSCs for bone-like construct bioengineering.
Maryam Rezai Rad, Sadra Mohaghegh, Farnaz Kouhestani, and Saeed Reza Motamedian
Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Maryam Rezai Rad, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Lobat Tayebi, and Arash Khojasteh
Elsevier BV
Abstract Designing bone scaffolds containing both organic and inorganic composites simulating the architecture of the bone is the most important principle in bone tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to fabricate a composite scaffold containing poly (D, l )-lactide (PDLLA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as a platform for osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, PDLLA/β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated using three-dimensional printing (3D) technology through melt excursion technique. The physicomechanical characteristics, including microstructure, mechanical properties, of the customized scaffolds were investigated. Further, the in vitro biological characteristics of manufactured scaffolds were evaluated in conjugation with buccal fat pad derived mesenchymal stem cells in terms of cell attachment, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation capacity. The 3D printed customized scaffold in this study showed proper pore size, porosity, mechanical strength, material composition, biocompatibility, and osteogenic differentiation capacity. The obtained results converge to reveal the promising features of the nanocomposite 3D printed platform for personalized bone tissue engineering.
Ziba Naghizadeh, Akbar Karkhaneh, Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Saeed Farzad‐Mohajeri, Maryam Rezai‐Rad, Mohammad M. Dehghan, Pouyan Aminishakib, and Arash Khojasteh
Wiley
In this study, we developed an injectable in situ forming hydrogel/microparticle system consisting of two drugs, melatonin and methylprednisolone, to investigate the capability of the system for chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The chemical, mechanical, and rheological properties of the hydrogel/microparticle were investigated. For in vitro evaluation, the adipose‐derived stem cells might be mixed with hydrogel/microparticles, then cellular viability was analyzed by acridine orange/propidium iodide and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining and also dimethylmethylene blue assay were conducted to find the amount of proteoglycan. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction for aggrecan, sex‐determining region Y–Box 9, collagen I (COL1), and COL2 gene expression was performed after 14 and 21 days. For evaluation of cartilage regeneration, the samples were implanted in rabbit knees with cartilaginous experimental defects. Defects were created in both knees of three groups of rabbits. Group 1 was the control with no injection, and Groups 2 and 3 were loaded with hydrogel/cell and hydrogel/microparticle/cell; respectively. Then, after 3 and 6 months, histological evaluations of the defected sites were carried out. The amount of glycosaminoglycans after 14 and 21 days increased significantly in hydrogels/microparticles loaded with cells. The expression of marker genes was also significant in hydrogels/microparticles loaded with cells. According to histology analysis, the hydrogels/microparticles loaded with cells showed the best cartilage regeneration. Overall, our study revealed that the developed injectable hydrogel/microparticle can be used for cartilage regeneration.
Majid Salehi, Farshid Bastami, Maryam Rezai Rad, Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Zahrasadat Paknejad, Pantea Nazeman, Ali Hassani, and Arash Khojasteh
Wiley
Maryam Rezai Rad, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Qingsong Ye, and Shaomian Yao
Springer International Publishing
Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Zahrasadat Paknejad, Mahboubeh Bohlouli, Maryam Rezai Rad, Pouyan Aminishakib, Samira Derakhshan, Leila Mohammadi Amirabad, Nasser Nadjmi, and Arash Khojasteh
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-contained grafts can be achieved by decellularization of native bones or synthetic scaffolds. Limitations associated with harvesting the native bone has raised interest in preparing in vitro ECM bioscaffold for bone tissue engineering. Here, we intend to develop an ECM-contained construct via decellularizing an engineered gelatin-coated β-tricalcium phosphate (gTCP) scaffold. In order to find an optimal protocol for decellularization of cell-loaded gTCP scaffolds, they were seeded with buccal fat pad-derived stem cells. Then, four decellularization protocols including sodium dodecyl sulfate, trypsin, Triton X-100, and combined solution methods were compared for the amounts of residual cells and remnant collagen and alteration of scaffold structure. Then, the efficacy of the selected protocol in removing cells from gTCP scaffolds incubated in a rotating and perfusion bioreactor for 24 days was evaluated and compared with static condition using histological analysis. Finally, decellularized scaffolds, reloaded with cells, and their cytotoxicity and osteoinductive capability were evaluated. Complete removal of cells from gTCP scaffolds was achieved from all protocols. However, treatment with Triton X-100 showed significantly higher amount of remnant ECM. Bioreactor-incubated scaffolds possessed greater magnitude of ECM proteins including collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Reseeding the decellularized scaffolds also represented higher osteoinductivity of bioreactor-based scaffolds. Application of Triton X-100 as decellularization protocol and usage of bioreactors are suggested as a suitable technique for designing ECM-contained grafts for bone tissue engineering.
Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Mahboubeh Bohlouli, Kazem Adavi, Zahrasadat Paknejad, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mohammad Mehdi khani, Nasim Salehi-Nik, and Arash Khojasteh
SAGE Publications
Bioreactor system has been used in bone tissue engineering in order to simulate dynamic nature of bone tissue environments. Perfusion bioreactors have been reported as the most efficient types of shear-loading bioreactor. Also, combination of forces, such as rotation plus perfusion, has been reported to enhance cell growth and osteogenic differentiation. Mathematical modeling using sophisticated infrastructure processes could be helpful and streamline the development of functional grafts by estimating and defining an effective range of bioreactor settings for better augmentation of tissue engineering. This study is aimed to conduct computational modeling for newly designed bioreactors in order to alleviate the time and material consuming for evaluating bioreactor parameters and effect of fluid flow hydrodynamics (various amounts of shear stress) on osteogenesis. Also, biological assessments were performed in order to validate similar parameters under implementing the perfusion or rotating and perfusion fluid motions in bioreactors’ prototype. Finite element method was used to investigate the effect of hydrodynamic of fluid flow inside the bioreactors. The equations used in the simulation to calculate the velocity values and consequently the shear stress values include Navier–Stokes and Brinkman equations. It has been shown that rotational fluid motion in rotating and perfusion bioreactor produces more velocity and shear stress compared with perfusion bioreactor. Moreover, implementing the perfusion together with rotational force in rotating and perfusion bioreactors has been shown to have more cell proliferation and higher activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme as well as formation of extra cellular matrix sheet, as an indicator of bone-like tissue formation.
Fahimeh Akhlaghi, Nima Hesami, Maryam Rezai Rad, Pantea Nazeman, Farahnaz Fahimipour, and Arash Khojasteh
Elsevier BV
BACKGROUND
Human amniotic membranes (HAMs), as a biological membrane with healing, osteogenic, and cell therapy potential, has been in the spotlight to enhance the outcomes of treating bone defects. Present study aims to clinically assess the potential of HAM loaded with buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFSCs) as an osteogenic coverage for onlay bone grafts to maxillomandibular bone defects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine patients with jaw bone defects were enrolled in the present study. The patients were allocated to two study groups: Iliac crest bone graft with HAM coverage (n = 5), and Iliac bone grafts covered with HAM loaded with BFSCs (n = 4). Five months following the grafting and prior to implant placement, cone beam computed tomography was performed for radiomorphometric analysis.
RESULTS
The mean increase in bone width was found to be significantly greater in the HAM + BFSCs group (4.42 ± 1.03 mm versus 3.07 ± 0.73 mm, p < 0.05). Further, the changes in vertical dimension were greater in the HAM + BFSCs group (4.66 ± 1.06 mm versus 4.14 ± 1.03 mm, p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Combined use of HAM with mesenchymal stem cells may enhance bone regeneration specifically in the horizontal dimension. Moreover, this methodology reduces the amount of harvested autogenous bone and diminish secondary bone resorption.
Shervin Shafiei, Meisam Omidi, Fatemeh Nasehi, Hossein Golzar, Dorsa Mohammadrezaei, Maryam Rezai Rad, and Arash Khojasteh
Elsevier BV
Recent exciting findings of the particular properties of Carbon dot (CDs) have shed light on potential biomedical applications of CDs-containing composites. While CDs so far have been widely used as biosensors and bioimaging agents, in the present study for the first time, we evaluate the osteoconductivity of CDs in poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [PCL/PVA] nanofibrous scaffolds. Moreover, further studies were performed to evaluate egg shell-derived calcium phosphate (TCP3) and its cellular responses, biocompatibility and in vitro osteogenesis. Scaffolds were fabricated by simultaneous electrospinning of PCL with three different types of calcium phosphate, PVA and CDs. Fabricated scaffolds were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), contact angle measurement and degradation assessment. SEM, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test were performed to evaluate cell morphology, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. The results demonstrated that while the addition of just 1 wt% CDs and TCP3 individually into PCL/PVA nanocomposite enhanced ALP activity and cell proliferation rate (p < 0.05), the synergetic effect of CDs/TCP3 led to highest osteogenic differentiation and proliferation rate compared to other scaffolds (p < 0.05). Hence, CDs and PCL/PVA-TCP3 could serve as a potential candidate for bone tissue regeneration.
Arash Khojasteh, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Maryam Rezai Rad, Marzieh Alikhasi, and Homayoun H. Zadeh
Wiley
BACKGROUND
Application of adipose-derived stem cells originated from buccal fat pad (BFP) can simplify surgical procedures and diminish clinical risks compared to large autograft harvesting.
PURPOSE
This study sought to evaluate and compare the efficacy of buccal fat pad-derived stem cells (BFPSCs) in combination with anorganic bovine bone mineral (ABBM) for vertical and horizontal augmentation of atrophic posterior mandibles.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fourteen patients with atrophic posterior mandible were elected for this prospective exploratory study. BFP (3-5 mL) was harvested and BFPSCs were isolated and combined with ABBM at 50% ratio. The vertical and horizontal alveolar deficiencies were augmented by 50% mixture of ABBM with either BFPSCs (group 1) or particulated autologous bone (group 2). Titanium mesh was contoured to the desired 3D shape of the alveolar ridge and fixated to the host sites over the graft material of the two groups. At first, the amount of new bone areas was calculated by quantitative analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images that were taken 6 months postoperatively according to regenerative techniques (group 1 vs group 2 without considering the type of bone defects). Second, these amounts were calculated in each group based on the type of defects.
RESULTS
Quantitative analysis of CBCT images revealed the areas of new bone formation were 169.5 ± 5.90 mm2 and 166.75 ± 10.05 mm2 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The area of new bone formation for vertical defects were 164.91 ± 3.74 mm2 and 169.36 ± 12.09 mm2 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The area of new bone formation for horizontal deficiencies were 170.51 ± 4.54 mm2 and 166.98 ± 9.36 mm2 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the pair-wise comparisons (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the present study demonstrated lack of difference in bone volume formation between BFPSCs and autologous particulate bone in combination with ABBM. If confirmed by future large-scale clinical trial, BFPSCs may provide an alternative to autogenous bone for reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects.
Arash Khojasteh, Sepanta Hosseinpour, Maryam Rezai Rad, and Marzieh Alikhasi
American Academy of Implant Dentistry
This case report seeks to describe efficient clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells (AdSCs) originated from buccal fat pad (BFP) in combination with conventional guided bone regeneration as protected healing space for reconstruction of large alveolar defects after extraction of multiple impacted teeth. The first case was a 19-year-old woman with several impacted teeth in the maxillary and mandibular regions, which could not be forced to erupt and were recommended for surgical extraction by the orthodontist. After this procedure, a large bone defect was created, and this space was filled by AdSC loaded natural bovine bone mineral (NBBM), which was protected with lateral ramus cortical plates, microscrews, and collagen membrane. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, the patient received 6 and 7 implant placements, respectively, in the maxilla and mandible. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographic evaluation revealed thorough survival of implants. The second case was a 22-year-old man with the same complaint and large bony defects created after his teeth were extracted. After 6 months of post-guided bone regeneration, he received 4 dental implants in his maxilla and 7 implants in the mandible. At 48 months postoperatively, radiographs showed complete survival of implants. This approach represented a considerable amount of 3-dimensional bone formation in both cases, which enabled us to use dental implant therapy for rehabilitation of the whole dentition. The application of AdSCs isolated from BFP in combination with NBBM can be considered an efficient treatment for bone regeneration in large alveolar bone defects.
Dorsa Mohammadrezaei, Hossein Golzar, Maryam Rezai Rad, Meisam Omidi, Hamid Rashedi, Fatemeh Yazdian, Arash Khojasteh, and Lobat Tayebi
Wiley
Graphene and its derivatives have been well-known as influential factors in differentiating stem/progenitor cells toward the osteoblastic lineage. However, there have been many controversies in the literature regarding the parameters effect on bone regeneration, including graphene concentration, size, type, dimension, hydrophilicity, functionalization, and composition. This study attempts to produce a comprehensive review regarding the given parameters and their effects on stimulating cell behaviors such as proliferation, viability, attachment and osteogenic differentiation. In this study, a systematic search of MEDLINE database was conducted for in vitro studies on the use of graphene and its derivatives for bone tissue engineering from January 2000 to February 2018, organized according to the PRISMA statement. According to reviewed articles, different graphene derivative, including graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with mass ratio ≤1.5 wt % for all and concentration up to 50 μg/mL for graphene and GO, and 60 μg/mL for RGO, are considered to be safe for most cell types. However, these concentrations highly depend on the types of cells. It was discovered that graphene with lateral size less than 5 µm, along with GO and RGO with lateral dimension less than 1 µm decrease cell viability. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of graphene can promote cell-cell interaction, migration and proliferation. When graphene and its derivatives are incorporated with metals, polymers, and minerals, they frequently show promoted mechanical properties and bioactivity. Last, graphene and its derivatives have been found to increase the surface roughness and porosity, which can highly enhance cell adhesion and differentiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2284-2343, 2018.
Sepanta Hosseinpour, Maryam Rezai Rad, Arash Khojasteh, and Homayoun H. Zadeh
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
BACKGROUND
Currently, antibodies are progressively applied in medicine for different purposes, including diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Over twenty monoclonal antibodies utilized for many therapeutic reasons from therapy of cancers, immune disorders, and osteoporosis to localized bony defects. In addition, therapeutic antibodies represented various findings in bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVES
The current study aims to systematically review the available literature on antibody assisted bone regeneration in animal models.
METHODS
A through electronic search was conducted from January 1992 to June 2017 limited to English language publications on administrations of antibodies for bone regeneration. Data extraction was ere performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were selected and analyzed in this systematic review. Among these studies, six articles reported in vitro results in addition to in vivo evaluations. The data is tabulated according to the route of administrations as locally administrated antibody which includes anti-bone morphogenetic protein 2 (anti-BMP2) and systemic administrated antibodies, which include anti-sclerostin and anti- Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). Data are summarized and reported by the following variables: Type of study, types of cells for in vitro investigations, types of animal models and defects characteristics, types of scaffolds used in the defect site, duration of follow-ups; and outcomes of assessments.
CONCLUSIONS
A novel approach of administration of antibodies demonstrated promising results for bone tissue engineering. However, more investigations, particularly in larger animals, are required for their further possible clinical administration.
A. Khojasteh, S. Hosseinpour, M. M. Dehghan, F. Mashhadiabbas, M. Rezai Rad, S. Ansari, S. Farzad Mohajeri, and H. H. Zadeh
Hindawi Limited
Among many applications of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a unique approach for regenerative medicine has entailed antibody-mediated osseous regeneration (AMOR). In an effort to identify a clinically relevant model of craniofacial defect, the present study investigated the efficacy of mAb specific for bone morphogenetic protein- (BMP-) 2 to repair canine segmental mandibular continuity defect model. Accordingly, a 15 mm unilateral segmental defect was created in mandible and fixated with a titanium plate. Anorganic bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (ABBM-C) was functionalized with 25 μg/mL of either chimeric anti-BMP-2 mAb or isotype-matched mAb (negative control). Recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 served as positive control. Morphometric analyses were performed on computed tomography (CT) and histologic images. Bone densities within healed defect sites at 12 weeks after surgery were 1360.81 ± 10.52 Hounsfield Unit (HU), 1044.27 ± 141.16 HU, and 839.45 ± 179.41 HU, in sites with implanted anti-BMP-2 mAb, rhBMP-2, and isotype mAb groups, respectively. Osteoid bone formation in anti-BMP-2 mAb (42.99% ± 8.67) and rhBMP-2 (48.97% ± 2.96) groups was not significantly different but was higher (p<0.05) than in sites with isotype control mAb (26.8% ± 5.35). In view of the long-term objective of translational application of AMOR in humans, the results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of AMOR in a large clinically relevant animal model.
Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mohammad-Mehdi Khani, Shayan Shahriari, Nasser Nadjmi, and Arash Khojasteh
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
BACKGROUND
Traditional attempts to grow bone grafts in vitro have been based on culturing cell-scaffold constructs under static culture conditions. However, limitations associated with this approach have led to the development of various types of technologies and equipments. One of these is a bioreactor acting as an intermediate between static (in vitro) and dynamic (in vivo) conditions, which can mimic physiological and mechanical body conditions.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature on application of different types of bioreactors in bone tissue engineering.
METHODS
A thorough search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases from January 2011 to December 2016 was performed. All in vitro and in vivo studies about bioreactor applications in bone tissue engineering were included and categorized according to bioreactor types.
CONCLUSION
A comprehensive systematic review of all the studies from the past five years yielded several findings: (1) combined bioreactors seem effective in bone tissue engineering; (2) 1- 2 ml/min is an appropriate flow rate range; (3) a cylinder is an appropriative scaffold shape; and (4) incubation of the scaffold with cells prior to transfer to the bioreactor followed by administration of osteogenic medium in the bioreactor seems an efficient approach to help cells properly attach and differentiate.
Nasim Salehi-Nik, Maryam Rezai Rad, Pantea Nazeman, and Arash Khojasteh
Elsevier
Scaffolds are one of the key role players in triad of tissue engineering but one of the major challenges facing tissue engineers is creating appropriate scaffolds that resemble the structure of the desired tissue to be replaced. Among different materials used for scaffold fabrication, natural and synthetic polymers have received a great attention because of the easy control over their mechanical properties accordant to the tissue specificities, as well as ability to be produced on a large scale using reproducible methods. This chapter focuses on the different types of polymeric materials and fabrication techniques used for scaffold development, highlighting key advances in biomimetic and complex three-dimensional scaffolds.