MUHAMMAD FAROUK HARMAN
@dof.gov.my
Research Officer
Department of Fisheries Malaysia
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
ROZIAWATI MOHD RAZALI, , NURIN IZZATI MUSTAPA, WAN NORHANA MD. NOORDIN, MASAZURAH A. RAHIM, KIENG SOON HII, PO TEEN LIM, CHUI PIN LEAW, HARMAN MUHD-FAROUK, and KU KASSIM KU YAACOB
Asian Fisheries Society
A fish kill incident was reported at the marine fish culture areas north of Perak and south of Penang, Malaysia, on 26 May 2020. An investigation was carried out at 10 stations in Kerian, Perak and Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang. Seawater samples were collected to identify microalgae species and determination of dissolved inorganic nutrients. The physical parameters of water such as salinity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ while the dissolved inorganic nutrients were analysed spectrophotometrically. The dominant microalga was identified as Margalefidinium fulvescens (Iwataki, Kawami & Matsuoka) Gómez, Richlen & Anderson, 2017, based on the morphological and molecular characterisation of the large subunit ribosomal gene. Long rounded and ellipsoidal cells, 30-43 µm in length, appeared in chains of single, two, four or eight cells. The sulcus was slightly narrow surrounding the cell about one turn, but the cingulum was rather deep, encircling the cell approximately twice, and the chloroplasts were brownish, granular and scattered peripherally. The highest M. fulvescens cell counts were recorded at 6.22 × 105 cells L-1 and 4.61 × 105 cells L−1 in Kerian, Perak and Seberang Perai Selatan, Penang, respectively. The physical parameters of the seawater from the affected sites were within the Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standard (MMWQS) for aquaculture. However, slightly higher levels of nitrate, phosphate and ammonia were noted at several stations. Although the exact cause of the bloom was undecided, it could be due to nutrient discharge along the coasts, which also concurred with the transition phase of the northeast to the southwest monsoon.
Adnan Amin-Safwan, Mohd Pauzi Mardhiyyah, Mohd Affendi Izzah-Syafiah, Harman Muhd-Farouk, Hidayah Manan, Hairul Hafiz Mahsol, Musa Nadirah, and Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Elsevier BV
This article investigated how crabs responded to different culture salinities through ovarian maturation stages using combination of external morphology (ovarian coloration and gonadosomatic index), and histological assessment (oocyte structures and diameter sizes). A total of sixty immature crabs were sampled from coastal water of Setiu Wetlands, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, and were introduced to limb autotomy technique in order to induce molt. Crabs were reared until successfully molted, and leaves prior to hardened shell, before proceed with salinities acclimatization prior to salinity treatments (10, 20 and 30 ppt). Five crabs were randomly selected every 15 days throughout 60-day of culture (Day 15, 30, 45 and 60) for the assessment. The different between each ovarian maturation stages was recorded based on the color appearances, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis were done between gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter sizes with different salinity treatments. Part of the data is associated with the recent articles [1], [2] and provided here as raw data of Supplementary materials.
Adnan Amin-Safwan, Harman Muhd-Farouk, Mohd Pauzi Mardhiyyah, Musa Nadirah, and Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Elsevier BV
Abstract This study determined the effect of water salinity on the level of 17β-estradiol and the ovarian physiology (histological changes) of Scylla olivacea in captivity. Sixty newly mature crabs with immature ovaries (carapace width > 90.0 mm, Stage 1 ovary) were exposed to three salinity levels (10, 20 and 30 ppt) for 60 days. The level of 17β-estradiol peaked in the early days of each treatment for all salinity levels but decreased as the crabs matured. Stage 4 ovaries were most produced in the 20 ppt treatment, followed by the 10 ppt treatment, and then the 30 ppt treatment. No significant difference was found for the level of 17β-estradiol between salinity levels, but the oocyte size was observed to be significantly different between salinity levels. Meanwhile, there was a significant negative correlation between oocyte diameter size and the 17β-estradiol level. The study concludes that salinity can affect ovarian maturation but not 17β-estradiol levels.
Harman Muhd-Farouk, Huda Abdullah Nurul, Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi, Mohd Pauzi Mardhiyyah, Nurul Hasyima-Ismail, Hidayah Manan, Siti Nor Fatihah, Adnan Amin-Safwan, and Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Many crustacean species including mud crab, genus Scylla are incapable of natural maturation under captivity, thus putting high pressure on the wild catch. Therefore, to increase the availability of mature broodstocks in captivity, this study determined the effect of Eyestalk Ablation (EA) and Methyl Farnesoate (MF) administration on ovarian maturation stages of the orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. The study was conducted using a control group (T1) consisting of 95% alcohol (widely used as a chemical solvent), and three treatment groups consisting of: 5 µl/g oral administrated MF in the diet (T2), EA (T3) and a combination of both treatments of MF and EA (T4). The highest percentage of ovarian maturation Stage 4 was found in the T4 treatment (20.8%) compared to the other treatments which were T1 (0%), T2 (8.33%) and T3 (12.5%). Ovarian development of the treated groups (T2, T3, and T4) was significantly different compared to the control group (T1) (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference observed in the mean Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in orally administrated MF (T2) compared to the EA group (T3) (p > 0.05), but it was significantly different when compared to the combination group of MF and EA (T4) (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the combination method of oral administration of MF through diet and EA (T4) is the best technique for producing mature ovaries.
Siti Nor Fatiha, Harman Muhd-Farou, Adnan Amin-Safwa, Hairul Hafiz Mahs, and Mhd Ikhwanuddi
Science Alert
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Mud spiny lobsters, Panulirus polyphagus (P. polyphagus) are one of the most important fisheries resources now-a-days due to quality that it's possessed. However, there is still lack of in-depth study about this species mainly on males testicular characteristics and sexual maturity size. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the histological characteristics on the testes and sexual maturity sizes of mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The testes were dissected out and fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for 11 h, dehydrated in 70% alcohol and lastly placed in tissue processor for 18±1 h at 60°C. The tissues blocks were cut at the thickness of 4 μm on a rotary microtome. Stained tissues were taken under Advance Microscope (Nikon Eclipse 80i Nomarski DIC). Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation. Statistical analyses were done using one-way ANOVA using SPSS (Version 22).
RESULTS
These lobules of mature P. polyphagus were formed via different germinative lineage cells such as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The histological characteristics of testes showed that the process of spermatogenesis went through the stages of four testes maturation which were spermatogonia I and II, spermatocytes I and II, spermatids and spermatozoa stages within different body weight of P. polyphagus. It was found that there were significant difference between body weight and carapace length to the testicular maturation stages (one-way ANOVA and p = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
The results of this experiment indicated that males P. polyphagus have four stages of testes maturation and can be considered to have fully mature testes that ready for fertilization at 452 g body weight (BW) and 107 mm carapace length (CL) or more.
N. Hasyima Is, A. Amin Safwa, N. Fairuz Foz, F.H. Megat, H. Muhd Farou, S.A. Kamaruddin, M. Ikhwanuddi, and M.A. Ambak
Science Alert
BACKGROUND
Orange mud crab Scylla olivacea is one of the most important fisheries resources. A new development in ageing technique of crustaceans has been introduced. The detection of growth band deposited in hard structure of gastric mill in the cardiac stomach are found retained after moulting process can be used as age indicator and growth estimation.
OBJECTIVE
This study was carried out to determine the comparison between carapace width and growth band count of S. olivacea in Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Samples were collected from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia from February until August, 2016. Samples were categorized based on their morphological measurements. The mesocardiac and zygocardiac ossicles in the gastric mill of S. olivacea was dissected out and preserved in solutions and underwent a cross sectioning process. A total of 76 of wild S. olivacea ranging from 6.56 to 12.84 cm in carapace width were analysed. The growth band counts were examined for each individual and ranging from 1 to 3 band counts.
RESULTS
A positive linear relation was observed between CW and GBC with r2 = 0.5178, p<0.01. Overall, there was a strong, positive correlation between CW and GBC. Increase in CW were correlated with increases in GBC respectively for this species.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, the carapace width, growth band counts and body weight can be used to improve data on growth, recruitment, maturation and mortality. Thus, this study would able to improve new ageing technique and contribute greatly to improve the conservation and management of S. olivacea in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia.
S.N. Fatihah, S. Jasmani, A.B. Abol-Munafi, S. Noorbaiduri, H. Muhd-Farouk, and M. Ikhwanuddin
Elsevier BV
Abstract This study aimed to develop a cryopreservation protocol for sperm of the mud spiny lobster, Panulirus polyphagus . Sperm of P. polyphagus were successfully cryopreserved using a protocol with cooling periods of 15 min per temperature, 25, 20, 16, 4, 2, − 4, − 20, − 80, and − 150 °C, followed by immediate storage in liquid nitrogen (at − 196 °C). The efficacy of the cryopreserved protocol was determined by assessing the viability of sperm. The optimal thawing temperature for cryopreservation of sperm was 26 °C for 30 s, with a viability rate of 76.09% ± 7.81. At room temperature, − 20 and − 80 °C, 10% glycine provided the highest percentage of sperm viability at 91.87 ± 2.03% (5 min at room temperature), 91.31 ± 2.65% (6 h at − 20 °C) and 75.88 ± 10.81% (6 h at − 80 °C). In conclusion, we developed a protocol (Protocol I) for the successful cryopreservation of P. polyphagus sperm using Ca-F saline as an extender and 10% glycine as a cryoprotectant. Statement of relevance This article is suitable with Aquaculture Journal because the findings will give a big contribution in mud spiny lobster aquaculture. Mud spiny lobster seedling especially P. polyphagus is getting less landing every year, new approach needed in ensuring enough supplies of P. polyphagus to be available. The content in this article would help developing the research innovation for the hatchery production of P. polyphagus to increase.
H. Muhd-Farouk, S. Jasmani, and M. Ikhwanuddin
Elsevier BV
Abstract Orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea soughted as delicacy because their flesh is tasty and has high quality which boosted its commercial value in Malaysia. This studies focused on S. olivacea ovarian maturation after the introduction of steroid-based hormones i.e. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (17α-OHPL). The effects brought by these hormones were explored through external morphology, histology of oocyte and haemolymph hormone expressions. The crabs, S. olivacea were collected from Kuala Muda, Kedah on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (5°39′N 100°19′E). After brief incubation, the crabs were introduced with treatments (through injection) of 95% alcohol (μl/g BW), 17α-OHP (0.01 μg/g BW and 0.1 μg/g BW) and 17α-OHPL (0.01 μg/g BW and 0.1 μg/g BW). During the treatment period, ovary coloration, gonad somatic index (GSI), oocyte diameter, oocyte structure and, levels of 17α-OHP as well as 17α-OHPL in haemolymph were collected every 10 days throughout the 60 days of treatment. Crabs injected with 95% alcohol showed negligible signs of ovarian maturation compared to those injected with hormones. However, crabs injected with 17α-OHPL showed increased ovarian maturity, produced the highest GSI (2.51 ± 0.72%) and produced large oocytes (diameter = 178.63 μm) with uniform development compared to crabs injected with 17α-OHP. In addition, decreased 17α-OHPL concentrations in the crab's haemolymph signifies utilization (of this hormone) to produce oestrogen. Hence, the findings obtained from this study depict fundamental biological information of the crab, S. olivacea . Nevertheless, the use of matured female S. olivacea is highly recommended for better results. Statement of relevance This article is suitable with Aquaculture Journal because the findings will give a big contribution in mud crab aquaculture. Mud crab seedling especially Scylla olivacea is getting less landing every year, new approach needed in ensuring enough supplies of S. olivacea to be available. Using hormone in this study article would help the hatchery production of S. olivacea to increase.
A. Amin-Safwa, H. Muhd-Farou, M. Nadirah, and M. Ikhwanuddi
Science Alert
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Mud crab from the genus Scylla are considered as one of the most demanded seafood items nowadays as their flesh has high quality, tasty and higher growth rate thus support and boosted expansion in aquaculture sector especially in Malaysia. Present study was designed to focus on the effect of water salinity on the ovarian maturation of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea based on morphological characteristics.
METHODOLOGY
Samples were collected from Setiu wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia from July-September, 2015. Ovarian maturation of S. olivacea was classified into four stages based on previous study which were: Immature (Stage 1), early mature (Stage 2), late mature (Stage 3) and fully mature (Stage 4).
RESULTS
Morphologically as the ovary develop the colouration start to change from translucent or whitish in colour and sometimes creamy to pale yellow, follow by light orange and lastly reddish orange. Stage 1 ovary was translucent and whitish in colour, stage 2 ovary was pale yellow in colour, stage 3 was light orange and stage 4 ovary was reddish orange in colour. Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) of S. olivacea remained low at stage 1 and 2 and began to increase started at stage 3. This present study involved three different salinities treatments, which treatment 1 (10 ppt), treatment 2 (20 ppt) and treatment 3 (30 ppt). Treatment 2 produce the highest number of stage 4 ovarian maturation based on colouration and the highest GSI recorded, follow by treatment 1 and lastly treatment 3.
CONCLUSION
This present study proved that salinity does affected the ovarian maturation of S. olivacea in captivity and provides important information regarding the effect of water salinity on ovarian maturation for further studies on reproductive biology of this species.
M. Ikhwanuddi, A.B. Noor-Hiday, N.M.A. Aina-Lyana, H. Zulaikha, H. Muhd-Farou, and A.B. Abol-Munaf
Science Alert
The aim of the study was to develop an appropriate basis for the optimization of in vitro fertilization of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis using three different culture medium including Natural Sea Water (NSW) as control medium, Artificial Sea Water (ASW) and Calcium Free saline (Ca-F saline). The unfertilized mature eggs were collected from the broodstock ovaries during spawning. The non-motile sperm of F. merguiensis activated as natural spawning. In NSW medium, ASW medium and Ca-F saline medium, cortical rods were released and hatching envelope formation took place in which the eggs activation events were reported. The Ca-F saline and ASW solution induced a slow egg activation contradict with the sequence of event for natural spawning of F. merguiensis. Fertilization was successfully obtained in all treatments with 8.67±4.04% in ASW, 19.67±7.38 and 4.33±4.04 in Ca-F saline. Although, the hatching rate were not successfully obtained by ASW and NSW culture medium treatment, hatching yield in Ca-F saline medium was obtained with 3.00±2.65. Overall, these findings will contribute to the development of F. merguiensis breeding technology and further understanding on sperm biology, cryobiology and reproductive biology in shrimp.
H. Muhd-Farou, A.B. Abol-Munaf, S. Jasmani, and M. Ikhwanuddi
Science Alert
M. Ikhwanuddi, J. Nur-Atika, A.B. Abol-Munaf, and H. Muhd-Farou
Science Alert
M. Ikhwanuddi, H. Muhd-Farou, A.J. Memon, W. Wendy, and A.B. Abol-Munaf
Science Alert
The aim of this study was to evaluate how long the fresh sperm maintained at 2 degrees C would be utilized for fishery management. The study was conducted every 2 h to assess the sperm viability of orange mud crab Scylla olivacea. Evaluations were conducted as 3 treatments; T1, T2 and T3. In T1, the live specimens were sacrificed; for T2, only spermatophores were extracted and for T3 spermatophore extraction followed by homogenization to create a sperm suspension. All samples were stored with ice in an insulated box was keep fresh longer at 2 degrees C. The time '0' referred the immediate collection of sperm after the specimen was sacrificed. Spermatophore viability was determined using the sperm suspension by eosin-nigrosin staining method. Sperm viability for the fresh sample at time zero was 97.36 ± 0.53%. Viability of the sperm significantly decreased in the 2nd h in all treatments, T1 was 44.66 ± 0.54 to 4.2 ± 0.22% at 16 and 18th h, T2 was 36.56 ± 0.5 to 2.69 ± 0.06% at the 12 and 14th h and T3 was 33.69 ± 1.26 to 6.4 ± 0.29% at 8 and 10th h. In comparison, T1 showed significantly higher than other treatments (p < 0.05). Extremely low viability percentages were recorded in T3. This study also proved that the time elapse had significant impact on the percentage of viable sperm count.