Abel Fekadu Dadi
@uog.edu.et
University of Gondar
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Subash Thapa, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, M. Mamun Huda, Binaya Chalise, Meless G. Bore, Sewunet Admasu Belachew, Tahir A. Hassen, Erkihun Amsalu, Desalegn Markos Shifti,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThe rapid epidemiological transition in Asian countries, resulting from the rising trend of urbanisation and lifestyle changes, is associated with an increasing risk of obesity in women of reproductive age. This is the first study to investigate the trends and population-attributable fraction (PAF) of obesity, and the interaction effects of education and wealth on obesity among reproductive-age women aged 15–49 years in ten Asian countries. This cross-sectional study examined the most recent (2000 to 2022) Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from ten Central and Southeast Asian countries. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs). PAFs adjusted for communality were calculated using adjusted ORs and prevalence estimates for each risk factor. This study included a weighted sample of 743,494 reproductive-age women. All the countries showed an increasing trend for obesity and a decreasing trend for underweight, except for the Maldives. The highest PAFs of obesity were associated with women who were married (PAF = 22.2%; 95% CI 22.1, 22.4), aged 35–49 years (PAF = 16.4%; 95% CI 15.5, 17.1), resided in wealthy households (PAF = 14.5%; 95% CI 14.4, 14.5), watched television regularly (PAF = 12.5%; 95% CI 12.1, 12.8), and lived in urban areas (PAF = 7.8%; 95% CI 7.7, 8.0). The combined PAF showed that these five risk factors were associated with 73.3% (95% CI 71.8, 74.9) of obesity among reproductive-age women. Interaction analysis between women’s education and household wealth revealed that having a secondary or higher level of education and residing in a wealthier household was associated with a lower risk of obesity (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.66, 0.76). The findings of this study suggest that, in order to address the rising rate of obesity among women in Asian countries, education and lifestyle modifications in urban areas should be a priority. Pakistan and the Maldives need to be a priority given the rapidly increasing trends in obesity and underweight subpopulations in their respective countries.
D.B. Ketema, A.F. Dadi, T.A. Hassen, G.D. Kibret, Z.Y. Kassa, E. Amsalu, A.A. Alemu, J.E. Shifa, A. Alebel, C.T. Leshargie,et al.
Elsevier BV
Dereje Abebe Teklehaimanot, Abinet Dagnaw Mekuria, Abel Fekadu Dadi, and Behailu Tariku Derseh
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Precancerous cervical lesions develop in the transformation zone of the cervix and progress through stages known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2, and 3. If untreated, CIN2 or CIN3 can lead to cervical cancer. The determinants of cervical precancerous lesions are not well documented in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aims to find the determinants of cervical precancerous lesions among women screened for cervical cancer at public health facilities. Methods A study conducted from January to April 2020 involved 216 women, consisting of 54 cases (positive for VIA during cervical cancer screening) and 162 controls (negative for VIA). It focused on women aged 30 to 49 undergoing cervical cancer screening. Multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the link between precancerous lesions and different risk factors, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Women who used oral contraceptives for a duration exceeding five years showed a nearly fivefold increase in the likelihood of developing precancerous lesions (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 4.75; 95% CI: 1.48, 15.30). Additionally, early age at first sexual intercourse (below 15 years) elevated the odds of developing precancerous lesions fourfold (AOR = 3.77; 95% CI: 1.46, 9.69). Furthermore, women with HIV seropositive results and a prior history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) had 3.4 times (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI: 1.29, 9.25) and 2.5 times (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.10, 6.09) higher odds of developing cervical precancerous lesions compared to their counterparts. Conclusion In conclusion, women who have used oral contraceptives for over five years, started sexual activity before the age of 15 and have a history of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, are at higher risk of developing precancerous cervical lesions. Targeted intervention strategies aimed at promoting behavioural change to prevent early sexual activity and STIs are crucial for avoiding cervical precancerous lesions. It is crucial to introduce life-course principles for female adolescents early on, acknowledging the potential to prevent and control precancerous lesions at critical stages in life, from early adolescence to adulthood, encompassing all developmental phases.
Desalew Salew Tewabe, Muluken Azage, Gizachew Yismaw Wubetu, Sisay Awoke Fenta, Mulugeta Dile Worke, Amanu Mekonen Asres, Wallelign Alemnew Getnet, Genet Gedamu Kassie, Yonatan Menber, Alemtsehay Mekonnen Munea,et al.
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Gender-based violence (GBV) particularly against women is unfortunately common during armed conflicts. No rigorous and comprehensive empirical work has documented the extent of GBV and its consequences that took place during the two years of devastating armed conflict in Northern Ethiopia. This study aims to assess GBV and its consequences in war-torn areas of northern Ethiopia. Methods We used a qualitative method augmented by quantitative method to enroll research participants. We conducted in-depth interviews to characterize the lived experiences of GBV survivors. All interviews were conducted confidentially. The data were collected to the point of data saturation. All interviews were transcribed verbatim into local language, translated into English, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. We also used reports from healthcare facilities and conducted a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics of study participants. Results One thousand one hundred seventy-seven persons reported GBV to healthcare providers. The qualitative study identified several forms of violence (sexual, physical, and psychological). Gang rape against women including minors as young as 14 years old girls was reported. Additionally, the perpetrators sexually violated women who were pregnant, and elderly women as old as 65 years, who took refuge in religious institutions. The perpetrators committed direct assaults on the body with items (e.g., burning the body with cigarette fire) or weapons, holding women and girls as captives, and deprivation of sleep and food. GBV survivors reported stigma, prejudice, suicide attempts, nightmares, and hopelessness. GBV survivors dealt with the traumatic stress by outmigration (leaving their residences), seeking care at healthcare facilities, self-isolation, being silent, dropping out of school, and seeking counseling. Conclusion GBV survivors were subjected to multiple and compounding types of violence, with a wide range of adverse health consequences for survivors and their families. GBV survivors require multifaceted interventions including psychological, health, and economic support to rehabilitate them to lead a productive life.
Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Abel F. Dadi, Erkihun Amsalu, Addisu Alehegn Alemu, Tahir Ahmed Hassen, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Meless Gebrie Bore, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Daniel Bekele Ketema,et al.
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Background Although Ethiopia has substantial improvements in various health indicators such as maternal and child mortality, the burden of neonatal mortality remains high. Between 2016 and 2019, neonatal mortality increased from 29 deaths per 1,000 live births to 33 deaths per 1,000 live births. This study aimed to explore the spatial patterns and factors contributing to neonatal mortality in Ethiopia. Methods Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) for the years 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 were analyzed. The EDHS sampling design uses a two-stage cluster sampling technique, considering census enumeration areas as primary sampling units and households as secondary sampling units. We used the Spatial Scan analysis in SaTScan and Getis-Ord Gi* statistic in Geographic Information System (GIS), to analyse the spatiotemporal patterns of neonatal mortality. Maternal, newborn and health service-related factors contributing to neonatal mortality were also analyzed using a multilevel logistic regression model. Adjusted Odds Rios (AOR) with corresponding 95% CI were presented as a measure of association and a P-value of 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results During the initial three consecutive surveys, there was a consistent pattern of hot spot clusters in the Amhara and Benshangul Gumuz regions, along with certain parts of the Oromia region. However, in later surveys, these clusters shifted to the eastern parts of the country, notably including the Somali region. Early initiation of breast feeding was associated with reduced chances of neonatal death (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]) = 0.27; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.32). Neonates born at home (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.82) and male babies had a higher likelihood of mortality during the neonatal period compared to their counterparts (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.51). The odds of neonatal mortality increased with the number of children a mother had ever given birth to (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.51). In contrast, longer birth intervals were associated with a reduced risk of neonatal mortality (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83). Conclusion The central southern, central-western, north-western, and northern parts of Ethiopia had most of the neonatal death clusters in the first three rounds of DHS while eastern Ethiopia had the highest neonatal mortality clusters in the latest two surveys. Our results underscore the importance for policymakers and health administrators to reassess intervention approaches and reallocate resources to regions identified as hot spots for neonatal mortality. Enhancing the initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour of birth would improve newborn survival rates. Special attention and care need to be given to babies born of smaller sizes.
Abel F Dadi, Kedir Y Ahmed, Yemane Berhane, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Tahir A Hassen, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Meless G Bore, Sewunet Admasu Belachew,et al.
Elsevier BV
Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Abel F. Dadi, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Teketo Kassaw Tegegne, Tahir Ahmed Hassen, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Meless G. Bore, Subash Thapa, Daniel Bogale Odo,et al.
Wiley
AbstractBackgroundMen exhibit higher prevalence of modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, leading to greater cancer incidence and lower survival rates. Comprehensive evidence on global cancer burden among men, including disparities by age group and country, is sparse. To address this, the authors analyzed 30 cancer types among men in 2022, with projections estimated for 2050.MethodsThe 2022 GLOBOCAN estimates were used to describe cancer statistics for men in 185 countries/territories worldwide. Mortality‐to‐incidence ratios (MIRs) were calculated by dividing age‐standardized mortality rates by incidence rates.ResultsIn 2022, a high MIR (indicating poor survival) was observed among older men (aged 65 years and older; 61%) for rare cancer types (pancreatic cancer, 91%) and in countries with low a Human Development Index (HDI; 74%). Between 2022 and 2050, cancer cases are projected to increase from 10.3 million to 19 million (≥84%). Deaths are projected to increase from 5.4 million to 10.5 million (≥93%), with a greater than two‐fold increase among men aged 65 years and older (≥117%) and for low‐HDI and medium‐HDI countries/territories (≥160%). Cancer cases and deaths are projected to increase among working‐age groups (≥39%) and very‐high‐HDI countries/territories (≥50%).ConclusionsSubstantial disparities in cancer cases and deaths were observed among men in 2022, and these are projected to widen by 2050. Strengthening health infrastructure, enhancing workforce quality and access, fostering national and international collaborations, and promoting universal health coverage are crucial to reducing cancer disparities and ensuring cancer equity among men globally.
Abel Fekadu Dadi, Vincent He, John Guenther, Jiunn-Yih Su, Robyn Ober, and Steven Guthridge
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThe middle-school years (Year 7 to Year 9) is a particular challenge for socially disadvantaged populations, with high proportions of children either repeating school years or dropping out of school. In Australia, a group of particular concern is First Nations children for whom there is a collective effort by all governments to improve education outcomes, although there have been few studies of their transition through the middle-school years. This retrospective study, using individual-level linked data, followed a cohort of 7881 First Nations students for 2 years after enrolment in Year 7 (Y7) in any Northern Territory (NT) government school in the years from 2008 to 2014 to quantify the transitional pathways through middle school and identify the factors associated with faltering progress. We used multinomial multilevel logistic regression to identify the factors associated with school dropout and repeating Y7 or Y8 (Y7/8). Two years after Y7 enrolment, eight in ten First Nations students progressed to Y9 (78.8%), more than one in ten students had dropped out of school (13.3%) before reaching Y9, and one in 12 (7.9%) repeated Y7/8. The likelihood of either dropping out of school or repeating years was higher among students who were enrolled in Y7 when aged less than 11.5 years, had a low Y7 school attendance rate, moved to either interstate or non-government schools and who lived in a remote area. Students who were not born in the NT and those with a record of substantiated child maltreatment during Y7 were more likely to repeat Y7/8. Planning interventions to improve school retention through the middle-school years should consider these factors.
Richard Fletcher, Faye Forbes, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Casey Regan, Anna Galle, Addisu Beyene, Rebecca Liackman, and Marleen Temmerman
Wiley
AbstractBackground and AimsEast African countries have high rates of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. Studies have shown that the involvement of male partners in reproductive health can benefit maternal and child health (MCH). This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the evidence across East Africa that describes male partner involvement and its effect on maternal, reproductive, and child well‐being.MethodsTen databases were searched to identify quantitative data on male's involvement in East Africa. Studies reporting qualitative data, “intention to use” data or only reporting on male partner's education or economic status were excluded. Studies were organized into five a priori categories: antenatal care (ANC), human immunodeficiency virus, breastfeeding, family planning, and intimate partner violence with further categories developed based on studies included.ResultsA total of 2787 records were identified; 644 full texts were reviewed, and 96 studies were included in this review. Data were reported on 118,967 mothers/pregnant women and 15,361 male partners. Most of the studies (n = 83) were reported from four countries Ethiopia (n = 49), Kenya (n = 14), Tanzania (n = 12) and Uganda (n = 10). The evidence indicates that male partner involvement and support is associated with improved reproductive, MCH across a wide range of outcomes. However, the studies were heterogeneous, using diverse exposure and outcome measures. Also, male partners' lack of practical and emotional support, and engagement in violent behaviors towards partners, were associated with profound negative impacts on MCH and well‐being.ConclusionsThe body of evidence, although heterogeneous, provides compelling support for male involvement in reproductive health programs designed to support MCH. To advance research in this field, an agreement is needed on a measure of male partner “involvement.” To optimize benefits of male partners' involvement, developing core outcome sets and regional coordination are recommended.
Kedir Y. Ahmed, Subash Thapa, Tahir A. Hassen, Teketo Kassaw Tegegne, Abel F. Dadi, Daniel Bogale Odo, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Sewunet Admasu Belachew, Getiye Dejenu Kibret,et al.
Elsevier BV
Abel Fekadu Dadi, Vincent He, Kiarna Brown, Karen Hazell-Raine, Nicole Reilly, Rebecca Giallo, Kym M. Rae, Philip Hazell, and Steven Guthridge
Elsevier BV
Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Abel F. Dadi, Tahir A. Hassen, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Zemenu Y. Kassa, Erkihun Amsalu, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Addisu Alehegn Alemu, Animut Alebel,et al.
Wiley
AbstractGlobally women face inequality in cancer outcomes; for example, smaller improvements in life expectancy due to decreased cancer‐related deaths than men (0.5 vs 0.8 years, 1981–2010). However, comprehensive global evidence on the burden of cancer among women (including by reproductive age spectrum) as well as disparities by region, remains limited. This study aimed to address these evidence gaps by considering 34 cancer types in 2020 and their projections for 2040. The cancer burden among women in 2020 was estimated using population‐based data from 185 countries/territories sourced from GLOBOCAN. Mortality to Incidence Ratios (MIR), a proxy for survival, were estimated by dividing the age‐standardised mortality rates by the age‐standardised incidence rates. Demographic projections were performed to 2040. In 2020, there were an estimated 9.3 million cancer cases and 4.4 million cancer deaths globally. Projections showed an increase to 13.3 million (↑44%) and 7.1 million (↑60%) in 2040, respectively, with larger proportional increases in low‐ and middle‐income countries. MIR among women was higher (poorer survival) in rare cancers and with increasing age. Countries with low Human Development Indexes (HDIs) had higher MIRs (69%) than countries with very high HDIs (30%). There was inequality in cancer incidence and mortality worldwide among women in 2020, which will further widen by 2040. Implementing cancer prevention efforts and providing basic cancer treatments by expanding universal health coverage through a human rights approach, expanding early screening opportunities and strengthening medical infrastructure are key to improving and ensuring equity in cancer control and outcomes.
Meless Gebrie Bore, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Kedir Yimam Ahmed, Tahir Ahmed Hassen, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Erkihun Amsalu, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Lin Perry, Addisu Alehegn Alemu,et al.
Elsevier BV
Kedir Y. Ahmed, Abel F. Dadi, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Tahir A. Hassen, Erkihun Amsalu, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Meless G. Bore, Animut Alebel,et al.
Elsevier BV
Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Abel F. Dadi, Sewunet Admasu Belachew, Tanmay Bagade, Teketo Kassaw Tegegne, Rebecca L. Venchiarutti, Kelemu Tilahun Kibret, Aklilu Habte Hailegebireal,et al.
American Medical Association (AMA)
ImportanceCancer prevention and care efforts have been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts, resulting in a decline in the global Human Development Index (HDI), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These challenges and subsequent shifts in health care priorities underscore the need to continuously monitor cancer outcome disparities and statistics globally to ensure delivery of equitable and optimal cancer prevention and care in uncertain times.ObjectiveTo measure the global burden of 36 cancers in 2022 by sex, age, and geographic location and to project future trends by 2050.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used population-based data from 2022 in 185 countries and territories were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory database. Data extraction and analysis were carried out in April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCounts, rates, prevalence, mortality to incidence ratios (MIRs), and demography-based projections were used to characterize current and future cancer burden.ResultsThis population-based study included 36 cancer types from 185 countries and territories. By 2050, 35.3 million cancer cases worldwide are expected, a 76.6% increase from the 2022 estimate of 20 million. Similarly, 18.5 million cancer deaths are projected by 2050, an 89.7% increase from the 2022 estimate of 9.7 million. Cancer cases and deaths are projected to nearly triple in low-HDI countries by 2050, compared to a moderate increase in very high–HDI countries (142.1% vs 41.7% for cancer cases and 146.1% vs 56.8% for cancer deaths). Males had a higher incidence and greater number of deaths in 2022 than females, with this disparity projected to widen by up to 16.0% in 2050. In 2022, the MIR for all cancers was 46.6%, with higher MIRs observed for pancreatic cancer (89.4%), among males (51.7%), among those aged 75 years or older (64.3%), in low-HDI countries (69.9%), and in the African region (67.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study based on data from 2022, cancer disparities were evident across HDI, geographic regions, age, and sex, with further widening projected by 2050. These findings suggest that strengthening access to and quality of health care, including universal health insurance coverage, is key to providing evidence-based cancer prevention, diagnostics, and care.
Abel Fekadu Dadi, Berihun A Dachew, and Gizachew A Tessema
International Society of Global Health
Abdulbasit Seid, Miranda S. Cumpston, Kedir Y. Ahmed, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Subash Thapa, Teketo Kassaw Tegegne, Abel F. Dadi, Daniel Bogale Odo, Desalegn Markos Shifti, Sewunet Admasu Belachew,et al.
Wiley
AbstractBackgroundAround half of preterm births lack identifiable causes, indicating the need for further investigation to understand preterm birth risk factors. Existing studies on the intergenerational association of preterm birth showed inconsistency in effect size and direction.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to review existing studies and provide comprehensive evidence on the intergenerational association of preterm births.Search StrategyWe searched MEDLINE, Embase and Maternity and Infant Care databases, from the inception of each database to 04 April 2024.Selection CriteriaEligibility criteria included studies that reported on women who had given birth and had recorded information about a family history of preterm birth in one or both of the child's biological parents.Data Collection and AnalysisData were extracted by two independent reviewers. A random‐effects model was used to compute pooled estimates using odds ratios.Main ResultsSixteen eligible studies with a total of 2 271 612 mothers were included. The findings indicated a 1.44 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.54) fold increase in odds of giving preterm births among women who were born preterm. Additionally, having a sibling born preterm (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.87) and having a partner born preterm (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.25) were associated with increased likelihood of giving preterm births among women.ConclusionThe study revealed that women with a family history of preterm birth face an increased risk of giving preterm births. Screening pregnant women for a family history of preterm birth is essential, with those having a positive family history requiring closer follow‐up.
Abel F. Dadi, Vincent He, Rosa Alati, Karen Hazell-Raine, Philip Hazell, Kiarna Brown, and Steven Guthridge
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractComprehensive studies investigating the link between maternal hospitalisation for mental health conditions prior to pregnancy and adverse outcomes in pregnancy are scarce in Australia. We aimed to fill this gap by using 18 years of administratively linked data to inform early interventions. We linked the perinatal data from the year 1999 to 2017 to the hospital hospitalisation data to create a cohort of pregnant women aged 15 to 44 years who gave birth in the Northern Territory (NT). We used the International Classification of Disease 10th revision (ICD-AM-10) codes to locate women with mental health-related hospitalisation (MHrH) (exposure of interest) and the perinatal data to access pregnancy outcomes. We used the modified Poisson regression with robust standard error to estimate the risk of pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal MHrH in the 5 years prior to pregnancy. We calculated the adjusted population attributable fraction (aPAF) for valid associations. We used the E-value to assess the effect of potential confounding bias. Out of 69,890 pregnancies, ~ 67,518 were eligible and included in the analysis. We found a significant variation in the incidence of substance use and complications between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women and women with and without MHrH in the 5 years prior to pregnancy. After adjusting, 5 years of preconception hospitalisation for substance misuse was associated with a 31% (95%CI, 1.05, 1.63) increased risk of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), a 60% (CI, 1.37, 1.86) increased risk of smoking and a 2.21 (CI, 1.98, 2.47) times increased risk of drinking during pregnancy in Aboriginal women; and a 17% increased risk of drinking (CI, 1.11, 1.23) in pregnancy in non-Aboriginal women. A significant proportion of smoking (aPAF = 14.7 to 37.4%), alcohol consumption (aPAF = 46.0 to 66.7%), and IUGR (aPAF = 23.6 to 38.5%) are attributed to maternal MHrH 5 years prior to pregnancy. Our findings are a ‘wake-up’ call for strengthening preconception care to reduce adverse outcomes of maternal MHrH prior to pregnancy.
Samrawit Mihret Fetene, Tsegaye Gebremedhin Haile, and Abel Dadi
BMJ
IntroductionMore than three-fourths of adverse perinatal outcomes (preterm, small for gestational age, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, stillbirth and neonatal death) occur in low-income and middle-income countries. These adverse perinatal outcomes can have both short-term and long-term consequences on maternal mental health. Even though there are few empirical studies on the effect of perinatal loss on maternal mental illness, comprehensive information on the impact of adverse perinatal outcomes in resource-limited settings is scarce. Therefore, we aim to systematically review and synthesise evidence on the effect of adverse perinatal outcomes on maternal mental health.Methods and analysisThe primary outcome of our review will be postpartum maternal mental illness (anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and postpartum psychosis) following adverse perinatal outcomes. All peer-reviewed primary studies published in English will be retrieved from databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL Ultimate (EBSCO), PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Global Health through the three main searching terms—adverse perinatal outcomes, maternal mental illness and settings, with a variant of subject headings and keywords. We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist to assess the quality of the studies we are including. The review findings will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Estimate-based meta-analysis will be performed. We will assess heterogeneity between studies using the I2statistics and publication bias will be checked using funnel plots and Egger’s test. A subgroup analysis will be conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity (if available). Finally, the certainty of the evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Ethics and disseminationSince this systematic review does not involve human participants, ethical approval is not required. The review will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023405980.
Abel Fekadu Dadi, Vincent He, Georgina Nutton, Jiunn-Yih Su, and Steven Guthridge
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Background Positive early development is critical in shaping children’s lifelong health and wellbeing. Identifying children at risk of poor development is important in targeting early interventions to children and families most in need of support. We aimed to develop a predictive model that could inform early support for vulnerable children. Methods We analysed linked administrative records for a birth cohort of 2,380 Northern Territory children (including 1,222 Aboriginal children) who were in their first year of school in 2015 and had a completed record from the Australian Early Development Census (AEDC). The AEDC measures early child development (school readiness) across five domains of development. We fitted prediction models, for AEDC weighted summary scores, using a Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) considering four groups of factors–pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, known at birth, and child-related factors. We first assessed the models’ internal validity and then the out-of-sample predictive power (external validity) using the PLSpredict procedure. Result We identified separate predictive models, with a good fit, for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. For Aboriginal children, a significant pre-pregnancy predictor of better outcomes was higher socioeconomic status (direct, β = 0.22 and indirect, β = 0.16). Pregnancy factors (gestational diabetes and maternal smoking (indirect, β = -0.09) and child-related factors (English as a second language and not attending preschool (direct, β = -0.28) predicted poorer outcomes. Further, pregnancy and child-related factors partially mediated the effects of pre-pregnancy factors; and child-related factors fully mediated the effects of pregnancy factors on AEDC weighted scores. For non-Aboriginal children, pre-pregnancy factors (increasing maternal age, socioeconomic status, parity, and occupation of the primary carer) directly predicted better outcomes (β = 0.29). A technical observation was that variance in AEDC weighted scores was not equally captured across all five AEDC domains; for Aboriginal children results were based on only three domains (emotional maturity; social competence, and language and cognitive skills (school-based)) and for non-Aboriginal children, on a single domain (language and cognitive skills (school-based)). Conclusion The models give insight into the interplay of multiple factors at different stages of a child’s development and inform service and policy responses. Recruiting children and their families for early support programs should consider both the direct effects of the predictors and their interactions. The content and application of the AEDC measurement need to be strengthened to ensure all domains of a child’s development are captured equally.
Beza Zewdu Desta, Abel Fekadu Dadi, and Behailu Tariku Derseh
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between 10 and 15% worldwide. Ethiopia is seeing a consistent increase in the number of dialysis patients. Patients on chronic hemodialysis have high mortality rates, but there is little information available in Ethiopia. Thus, this study looked into patient mortality and the factors that contributed to it at three dialysis centers in Addis Ababa for hemodialysis patients. Method A facility-based retrospective follow-up study was employed among End-Stage Renal Disease patients on hemodialysis from 2016 to 2020 at St. Paul Millennium Medical College (SPMMC), Zewditu Memorial Hospital (ZMH), and Menelik II Hospital. The proportional hazard assumption was checked by using the Log (-log (St)) plots and tests. Life-table analysis was fitted to estimate the one and five-year’s survival probability of these patients and Cox Proportional regression analysis to model the predictors of mortality at p-value < 0.05. Result Over the course of 2772 person-months, 139 patients were tracked. Of these patients, 88 (63.3%) were male and the mean age (± SD) of the patients was 36.8 (± 11.9) years. During the follow-up period, 24 (17%) of the patients died, 67 (48.2%) were alive, 43 (30.9%) received a kidney transplant, and 5 (3.6%) were lost to follow-up. The mean survival time was 46.2 months (95% CI: 41.8, 50.5). According to estimates, there were 104 deaths per 1000 person-years at the end of the follow-up period. The likelihood that these patients would survive for one and 5 years was 91%% and 65%, respectively. Our analysis showed that patients with hypertension (Adjusted Hazard Rate (AHR) = 4.33; 95% CI: 1.02, 34.56), cardiovascular disease (AHR = 4.69; 95% CI: 1.32, 16.80), and infection during dialysis (AHR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.96, 13.80) were more likely to die. Conclusion The hemodialysis patients' death rate in the chosen dialysis facilities was high. Preventing and treating comorbidities and complications during dialysis would probably reduce the mortality of CKD patients. Furthermore, the best way to avoid and manage chronic kidney disease is to take a complete and integrated approach to manage hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
Kedir Y. Ahmed, Abel F. Dadi, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Andrew Page, Kingsley E. Agho, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale, Tesfa Sewunet Alamneh,et al.
American Medical Association (AMA)
ImportanceIdentifying modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is imperative for the development of evidence-based interventions and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.ObjectiveTo evaluate key modifiable risk factors associated with childhood stunting in SSA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined the most recent (2014-2021) Demographic and Health Surveys data for children younger than 5 years from 25 SSA countries.ExposuresModifiable risk factors included history of diarrhea within 2 weeks, consumption of dairy products, maternal body mass index, maternal educational level, antenatal care visits, place of birth, wealth index, type of toilet, and type of cooking fuel.Main Outcomes and MeasuresStunting and severe stunting, measured using the height-for-age z score, were the main outcomes. Children who scored below −2.0 SDs or −3.0 SDs were classified as having stunted or severely stunted growth, respectively. Relative risks and 95% CIs were computed using generalized linear latent and mixed models and log-binomial link functions. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted relative risks and prevalence estimates for key modifiable risk factors.ResultsThis study included 145 900 children from 25 SSA countries. The mean (SD) age of the children was 29.4 (17.3) months, and 50.6% were male. The highest PAFs of severe childhood stunting were observed for mothers lacking a formal education (PAF, 21.9%; 95% CI, 19.0%-24.8%), children lacking consumption of dairy products (PAF, 20.8%; 95% CI, 16.8%-24.9%), unclean cooking fuel (PAF, 9.5%; 95% CI, 2.6%-16.3%), home birth (PAF, 8.3%; 95% CI, 6.3%-10.0%), and low-income household (PAF, 5.8%; 95% CI, 3.4%-8.0%). These 5 modifiable risk factors were associated with 51.6% (95% CI, 40.5%-60.9%) of the severe childhood stunting in SSA.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study identified 5 modifiable risk factors that were associated with 51.6% of severe childhood stunting in SSA. These factors should be a priority for policy makers when considering future child health interventions to address chronic malnutrition in SSA.
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Ralph Maddison, Riaz Uddin, Kylie Ball, Katherine M Livingstone, Asaduzzaman Khan, Jo Salmon, Ilana N Ackerman, Tim Adair, Oyelola A Adegboye,et al.
Elsevier BV
Digsu Negese Koye, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Berihun Megabiaw Zeleke, Akilew Awoke Adane, Henok Getachew Tegegn, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Hailay Abrha Gesesew,et al.
BMJ
ObjectivesThis study aimed to map the national, regional and local prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia.Design and settingNationwide cross-sectional survey in Ethiopia combined with georeferenced ecological level data from publicly available sources.Participants9801 participants aged between 15 and 69 years.Primary outcome measuresPrevalence of hypertension and diabetes were collected using the WHO’s STEPS survey approach. Bayesian model-based geostatistical techniques were used to estimate hypertension and diabetes prevalence at national, regional and pixel levels (1×1 km2) with corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs).ResultsThe national prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI: 18.4 to 20.0) for hypertension and 2.8% (95% CI: 2.4 to 3.1) for diabetes. Substantial variation was observed in the prevalence of these diseases at subnational levels, with the highest prevalence of hypertension observed in Addis Ababa (30.6%) and diabetes in Somali region (8.7%). Spatial overlap of high hypertension and diabetes prevalence was observed in some regions such as the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s region and Addis Ababa. Population density (number of people/km2) was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (β: 0.015; 95% CrI: 0.003–0.027) and diabetes (β: 0.046; 95% CrI: 0.020–0.069); whereas altitude in kilometres was negatively associated with the prevalence of diabetes (β: –0.374; 95% CrI: –0.711 to –0.044).ConclusionsSpatial clustering of hypertension and diabetes was observed at subnational and local levels in Ethiopia, which was significantly associated with population density and altitude. The variation at the subnational level illustrates the need to include environmental drivers in future NCDs burden estimation. Thus, targeted and integrated interventions in high-risk areas might reduce the burden of hypertension and diabetes in Ethiopia.
Abel Fekadu Dadi, Temesgen Yihunie Akalu, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, and Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Antenatal depression is associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Infants born to mothers with postnatal depression also may suffer from malnutrition and other health problems. Even though there are few single studies conducted so far, a systematic review of these studies is highly important to highlight the effect of antenatal and perinatal depression on adverse birth and infant health outcomes in Africa. Methods We used the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) when conducting this study. Databases like CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid and PubMed), PsycINFO, Emcare, Psychiatry Online, and Scopus were searched. In addition, Google Scholar and references from a list of eligible studies were explored. We included good quality observational studies based on Newcastle Ottawa Scale which are published in the English language between 2007 and 2018. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Meta-analysis with a random effect model was employed to determine the pooled effect sizes with a 95% confidence interval. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018106714). Result We found three studies (1511 participants) and 11 studies (22,254 participants) conducted on the effect of antenatal depression on birth outcomes and perinatal depression on adverse infant health outcomes, respectively. The overall risk of having adverse birth outcomes was 2.26 (95% CI: 1.43, 3.58) times higher among pregnant mothers with depression. The risk of preterm birth and low birth weight was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.03, 3.04) and 2.98 (95% CI: 1.60, 5.55) respectively. Similarly, the risk of having adverse infant health outcomes namely malnutrition and febrile illness was 1.61 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.95) times higher among mothers who had perinatal depression. Conclusions We have found a significant association between antenatal depression and adverse birth outcomes, low birth weight and preterm birth. Similarly, a significant effect of perinatal depression on adverse infant health outcomes namely, malnutrition, and febrile illnesses was observed. The findings highlight that it is time to integrate mental health services with routine maternal health care services to improve birth outcomes and reduce infant morbidity.