The Effect of Seven Mental Training Sessions on Developing Roundoff and Back Handspring Skills on Men's Artistic Gymnastics Hameed Hammad Khalaf, Manaf Majid Hassan, Mohammed Sadiq Ahmed Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2024 Background: Beginner gymnasts face challenges when performing roundoff and back handspring skills, particularly in connecting the final stage of the roundoff with the initial stage of the back handspring. These difficulties arise when there is a lack of clarity in the mental image of the performance sequence, leading to inconsistent execution and, ultimately, failure. Objectives: This study investigates the effect of seven mental training sessions on beginner gymnasts learning the roundoff and back handspring skills. Methods: Sixty-two beginner gymnasts, aged 21 - 22 years, participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to two groups: Control and experimental. The mental training sessions were provided to the experimental group during the instructional sessions, with each session lasting 14 minutes and 30 seconds. The sessions consisted of three parts: Relaxation exercises, controllable control exercises, and mental imagery exercises for performance. These sessions were conducted over a period of seven weeks. The roundoff and back handspring skills were assessed using the Kinematic Coherence Scale for body parts. Results: The Kinematic Coherence Scale demonstrated a significant difference and greater improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: We concluded that the seven mental training sessions improved the kinematic coherence of the experimental group in performing the roundoff and back handspring skills, enabling them to connect the two skills with a higher degree of movement coherence.
The Impact of Mechanical Feedback on Correcting Errors in Overhead Volleyball Serve Performance Manaf Majid Hassan, Hameed Hammad Khalaf, Omar Ahmed Mosleh, Waleed Khalid Hammadi, Shakir Mahmood Abdullah Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2024 Background.It is challenging to master the overhead serve in volleyball because of the several ways of positioning the body correctly when hitting the ball and the toss.This skill is incredibly challenging for novices who experience problems positioning different body parts.Objectives.This work aims to apply mechanical feedback to analyze the mistakes likely to occur in overhead volleyball serves and compare it with the usual verbal and visual feedback.Methods.This study involved 45 male students from the University of Anbar's College of Physical Education, randomly divided into two groups: one with 25 participants receiving verbal and occasional visual feedback and another with 20 receiving both visual and mechanical feedback.The research measured the kinematic coherence of limb movements and the direction of the serving arm.Results.The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher gains in kinematic coherence and serving arm accuracy than the control group.Particular improvements were supported by specific p-values (e.g., p<0.001 for kinematic coherence, p=0.002 for serving arm accuracy), demonstrating the higher efficiency of mechanical feedback.Conclusion.Mechanical feedback improves learning and performance in volleyball overhead serves by enhancing the specificity and timing of feedback regarding player positioning and movement.
Impact of Instant Visual Guidance via Video Technology on the Correction of Some Offensive Skills Performance Errors in Basketball Manaf Majid Hassan, Hameed Hammad Khalaf, Omar Ahmed Mosleh Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2023 Background: Various methods of instructional feedback, whether provided before, during, or immediately after performance, come in different forms, such as verbal communication, educational booklets, and video technology. Choosing the most suitable feedback method is crucial to help learners pinpoint specific motion segments contributing to errors. Objectives: This study aimed to compare 2 feedback methods and assess their impact on correcting errors in beginners’ basketball skills. The control group received verbal correction during the performance, occasionally supplemented by educational booklets. In contrast, the experimental group received immediate visual correction using video technology right after the performance. Methods: A total of 80 beginner learners participated in this study, randomly divided into the control group (n = 40) and the experimental group (n = 40). The experiment spanned 8 weeks, with two sessions conducted per week. Results: Positive results were observed for both feedback methods when comparing pre- and post-measurements within each group. However, upon comparing post-measurement results between the two groups, the results appeared in favor of the immediate visual correction method. Conclusions: The immediate visual correction method utilizing video technology demonstrated greater effectiveness in rectifying errors in learners’ basketball skills.
The physiology of motor rhythm to the arm of performance and its relationship with accuracy of the shooting in handball Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2018
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