Alaa Adnan Rashad

@nahrainuniv.edu.iq

Department of chemistry
College of Science, Al-Nahrain University



                 

https://researchid.co/alaaadnan

RESEARCH INTERESTS

chemistry
organic chemistry

29

Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • Electro Optical Properties of MBBA Liquid Crystal Doped with Carbon Nanotubes


  • Optical Behavior Of A Liquid Crystal Doped With Carbon Nanotubes
    Lamees A. Abdullah, Hamsa N. Naser, Alaa A. Rashad, and Nasreen R. Jber
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC

  • Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of ionic liquid incorporation on the optical properties, Urbach energy, thin film morphology, and surface roughness of poly(vinyl chloride) based on ionic materials
    Evon Akram, Alaa A. Rashad, Mokdad Hayawi Rahman, Rasheed N. Abed, Mohammed Al-Baidhani, Ali Basem, Mohammed Kadhom, Muna S. Bufaroosha, Abas Hadawey, and Emad Yousif
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Abstract A newly synthesis composite thin films of poly(vinyl chloride) has been refinement with ionic liquid, where PVC dissolved in THF with various concentrations of IL by casting method to form the composite thin films, without any reaction and IL dangles within PVC matrix. The thin films were examined by the diffusive reflectance device under the wavelength range (238–1300 nm). The XRD, EDX, and AFM techniques were utilized to discover the structure of the PVC matrix after additive IL. The XRD analysis illustrated the amorphous structure of the films, while the EDS analysis illustrated the main composition of pure PVC and composite PVC/IL. The optical properties and optical parameters were studied. The reflectance, extinction factor, transmittance, and imaginary dielectric constant declined, the absorption value was between (80–89 %), and the refractive index, real dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were increased. The indirect energy gap declined from 4.2 eV to 2.2 eV and the direct energy gap declined from 3.7 eV to 2.6 eV. The Urbach energy was increased from 2.09 eV to 15.45 eV revealing an increase in the disorders of electrons. The E d increased from 23.42 eV to 70.68 eV and E o increased from 7.00 eV to 10.88 eV. AFM analysis illustrated the roughness of the films increased after additive IL to the PVC Matrix from 1.08 nm to 4.45 nm and the root mean square of the particles ranged from 1.57 nm to 5.56 nm. The PVC composite thin films are utilized in solar cell and sodium-ion battery applications.

  • Influence of cold plasma treatment on the PS/TiO<inf>2</inf> film's optical properties of nanocomposite surfaces
    Hassan Hashim, Muataz Ali, Roaa T. Abdulla, Rasheed N. Abed, Ali Basem, Alaa A. Rashad, Mohammed Al-Baidhani, Kadhim A. Aadim, Abdulrahman H. Shaker, Muna S. Bufaroosha,et al.
    Elsevier BV

  • Application of Metal Oxides Nanoparticles to Enhance Ultraviolet Light Resistance of Polyvinyl Chloride Films
    Ahmed K. Hussein, Emad A. Yousif, Malath K. Rasheed, Dina S. Ahmed, Muna Bufaroosha, Mustafa Abdallh, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Hassan Hashim, Alaa Rashad, Rahimi M. Yusop,et al.
    Rangsit University
    Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films were chemically modified by including organic groups, amino group of ethylenediamine (en), and furtherly treated with aromatic aldehyde. The modification process included synthesizing the films by casting utilizing tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent. The films were enriched with five metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), specifically: TiO2, Co2O3, Cr2O3, NiO and CuO, in order to enhance their resistance to photodegradation. The films were subjected to UV light. The resulting damage was assessed both analytically and morphologically. The methods used for examination of the chemical structure comprised FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. SEM and AFM were utilized to test the morphology of polymeric films. The efficiency of the modified PVC films to resist UV light was assessed by measuring the roughness factor (Rq) of the irradiated PVC films. The incorporation of NPs into the modified PVC resulted in films with high resistance to UV light, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and weight loss measurement. The film made from modified PVC/Schiff base CuO NPs showed superior resistance to photo-degradation, as evidenced by the findings obtained from FT-IR spectra, surface morphological analysis, and weight loss.

  • Synthesis, Structural, and Optical Properties of Modified Poly(vinyl Chloride) Thin Films by Ethylenediamine Loaded with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
    Rasheed N. Abed, Alaa A. Rashad, Mokdad Hayawi Rahman, Ali Basem, Ahmed Al‐Ani, Amani Husain, Noorhan S. Jumaah, Hassan Hashim, Muna S. Bufaroosha, Emad Yousif,et al.
    Wiley
    AbstractPoly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films modified with ethylenediamine (en) and doped by nanoparticles (TiO2, ZnO, NiO, and MgO). A mixture of 0.5 g PVC/en dissolved in THF and 0.01 wt % of nanoparticles were used in doping PVC to produce the nanocomposite films. All modified PVC films were characterized by different analysis techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer (NMR), diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DRS was used to analyse the scattered IR energy of the samples at wavelengths between (250–1350 nm). The optical properties and oscillator strength were also studied, the transmittance and reflectance values declined for the PVC films, and the absorption coefficient was observed between (79–89 %). The direct energy gap decreased from 4.6 to 1.9, and the indirect energy gap reduced from 4.3 to 1.9. The XRD exhibited a semi‐crystalline structure and the SEM test exhibited a porous structure of all samples. The Urbach energy was increased from 0.8772 eV to 14.712 eV, single oscillator energy ( ) was also increased from 6.38 eV to 13.69 eV and the dispersion energy increased from 23.40 eV to 70.63 eV. Moreover, the surface roughness parameters Ra and Rq of the PVC films in modified and doping were increased from 3.86 nm to 8.14 nm, and 5.08 nm to 10.10 nm respectively. So, PVC results show increased optical properties after modification with en and doping by NPs are used in the light conversion and aerospace industries.

  • The Enhancement of Photodegradation Stability of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Film by Surface Modification with Organic Functional Groups Doped with Different Type of Nano-Metal Oxides
    Amani Husain, Dina Ahmed, Amir Hassan, Khalid Zainulabdeen, Muna Bufaroosha, Alaa Rashad, Hassan Hashim, and Eamd Yousif
    College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University
    Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films were synthesized by incorporating organic groups, specifically amino groups derived from ethylene di-amine (en). The casting process was employed, with tetrahydrofuran (THF) utilized as the solvent. The incorporation of 4 metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), namely MgO, ZnO, NiO and TiO2, was carried out to enhance the stability of the films during light exposure. The effect of UV radiation dose was significant. Subsequent exposure of the PVC films to ultraviolet light enabled the evaluation of resulting damage through various analytical and morphological techniques. The utilization of infrared spectroscopy and weight loss study suggested that the films incorporating additives exhibited less harm and little alterations on the surface, as compared to the unaltered film. Among the modified films, the PVC-en/TiO2 NPs film exhibited the highest resistance against the photodegradation process, as evidenced by the data derived from FTIR spectra, weight loss measurements, and surface morphology analyses. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been good PVC photostabilizer because of its capacity to block ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) photographs of the PVC-en/TiO2 NPs film after irradiation revealed a smooth surface, exhibiting a roughness factor (Rq) of 34.3, in contrast to the PVC (blank) which had a roughness factor of 282.2. SEM images for irradiated PVC films reveal the existence of cracks, cavities, protrusions, blemishes and formless, uneven surfaces. Microscopic images revealed that the surface of untreated PVC films exhibited significantly more pronounced damage and anomalies following irradiation compared to modified PVC films incorporating nano-metal oxides. HIGHLIGHTS PVC were modified by incorporating ethylene di-amine, a sonication was performed on modified PVC solution and adding metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), specifically titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium oxide (MgO) and nickel oxide (NiO) The effect of UV radiation have been studied by different techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, weight loss percent method and morphological techniques The incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), namely MgO, ZnO, NiO and TiO2, was carried out to enhance the stability of PVC films during UV-light exposure GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

  • The influence of gold nanoparticles on electro-optical properties of nematic liquid crystal
    Lamees A. Abdullah, Farah G. Khalid, Rawa K. Ibrahim, Aseel I. Mahmood, Alaa A. Rashad, and Nisreen R. Jber
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC

  • Ionic liquids: a new generation of efficient polyvinyl chloride thermal stabilizers
    Evon Akram, Alaa Rashad, Muataz Ali, Khalid Zainulabdeen, Basma Jasim, Salam Mohammed, Rahimi Yusop, Ahmed Al-Amiery, and Emad Yousif
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractPolyvinyl chloride (PVC), is one of the main synthetic materials used widely in many applications of our life aspects today. Though, the practical usage of it was always affected by some destructive factors like UV-light and heat. The optical and surface characteristics of pure and modified PVC thin films were compared throughout a temperature range of 25–55 °C. It was found that the intensity of the amine group in modified PVC varied with temperature. Surface morphology properties studied by AFM results; the ionic liquid was proven to comparably increases the stability of PVC surface while the roughness was less than pure PVC with increasing temperature. Optical microscope pictures, manifest PVC as drops at 55 °C, while, in modified PVC at the same temperature, the PVC surface was noticeably more stable. Finally, the energy gap of PVC pure and modified PVC thin films are studied. At 55 °C, the modified PVC's energy gap value increased from 3.64 eV at ambient temperature to 4.28 eV. This makes it more isolated when compared to pure PVC, which has an energy gap of 3.04 eV at ambient temperature and 3.1 eV at 55 °C and is a semiconductor.

  • Optical and surface properties of Schiff base ligands and Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes
    Alaa Adnan Rashad, Dina A. Najeeb, Shaymaa M. Mahmoud, Evon Akram, Khalid Zainulabdeen, Salam Dulaim, and Rahimi M. Yusop
    RTU MIREA
    Objectives. To study the transition of electrons in 1,2-phenyl(4’-carboxy)benzylidene Schiff base ligand and transition metal ions, optical properties, as well as the surface chemistry of supported transition metals using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS); to study the roughness and morphology of the Schiff base ligand and its complexes using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Methods. DRS, AFM, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy instruments were used to identify electron transitions, optical properties, and surface morphology in Schiff base ligands and their complexes.Results. The DRS revealed the d–d transitions and charge transfer shifts of all compounds, and helped identify the structure of the ligand. One of the optical properties studied was the energy gap calculation of the ligand and its complexes. The copper complex exhibited more semiconducting behavior with surface morphology properties such as surface roughness parameters lower than those of the ligand and the cobalt complex. This can be attributed to the smaller size of the copper atom, as well as lower electron transitions compared to the cobalt complex and the square planar bonding shape.Conclusions. In Schiff base ligands, the reflectance spectrum bands reveal three electron transitions: n→π*, π→π*, and σ→σ* transitions. In cobalt complexes, four transitions are indicated: 4A2(F)→4T1(F), 4A2(F)→4T1(P), charge transfer bands, and tetrahedral geometry. Copper complexes exhibit three transitions: 2B1g→2A1g, 2B1g→2Eg, and charge transfer bands, with a square planar geometry for their structure. The energy gap calculations were 2.42, 2.29, and 2.30 eV, respectively. In the case of the SH ligands, copper complexes, and cobalt complexes, all compounds exhibited semiconductor properties. However, the complexes displayed increased conductivity due to the influence of the metal and coordination structure.


  • Synthesis AgO Nanoparticles by Nd:Yag Laser with Different Pulse Energies
    Munaf S. Majeed, Shaymaa M. Mahmoud Mahmoud, Raghad Majeed Rasheed, and Alaa Adnan Rashad
    College of Science for Women
         One technique used to prepare nanoparticles material is Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid (PLAL), Silver Oxide nanoparticles (AgO) were prepared by using  this technique, where silver target was submerged in ultra-pure water (UPW)  at room temperature after that Nd:Yag laser which characteristics by 1064 nm wavelength, Q-switched, and 6ns pulse duration was used to irradiated silver target. This preparation method was used to study the effects of laser irradiation on Nanoparticles synthesized by used varying laser pulse energy 1000 mJ, 500 mJ, and 100 mJ, with 500 pulses each time on the particle size. Nanoparticles are characterized using XRD, SEM, AFM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. All the structural peaks determined by the XRD test can be indexed as face-centered cubic (FCC) type, the stronger crystalline orientation is located in the (111) plane. The nanoscale particles have an almost spherical shape as inferred from the SEM images. In (1000) mJ laser pulse energy the best smallest particle size was produced. According to AFM results of all films, the particle size 32.45nm, 64.3nm, and 67.86nm respectively for 1000 mJ, 500 mJ, and 100 mJ , the surface roughness affected and increased as increase the laser energy because the increase particle size and aggregation of partials. UV-Visible spectroscopy measured the absorbance of the silver nanoparticle prepared which is increased as increase pulsed laser ablation energy at wavelength 440 nm.

  • Enhancing photostability of poly(vinyl chloride) through additives: diorganotin (iv)-tyrosine complexes design
    Rafid Arraq, Angham Hadi, Mohammed Kadhom, Salam Mohammed, Muna Bufaroosha, Dina S. Ahmed, Hassan Hashim, Amani Husain, Ahmed Ahmed, Ahmed Al-Amiery,et al.
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC

  • The optical properties behavior of modify poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposite thin films during solar energy absorption
    Rasheed N. Abed, Khalid Zainulabdeen, Mustafa Abdallh, Emad Yousif, Alaa A. Rashad, and Ali H. Jawad
    Elsevier BV

  • Optical and morphological properties of poly(vinyl chloride)-nano-chitosan composites doped with TiO<inf>2</inf> and Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles and their potential for solar energy applications
    Rasheed N. Abed, Muhammed Abdul Sattar, Seenar S. Hameed, Dina S. Ahmed, Mohammed Al-Baidhani, Mohammed Kadhom, Ali H. Jawad, Khalid Zainulabdeen, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Alaa A. Rashad,et al.
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC

  • Carum carvi mediated green synthesis of copper nanoparticles and its effect on Solanum lycopersicum seedlings
    A. G. Oraibi, Alaa A. Rashad, and Maysaa H. Ahmed
    Update Publishing House
    The present study aims to synthesis the copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their effect on the biochemical and physiological characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum. The results exhibited the color change in the Carum carvi aqueous extract from clear deep brown to a greenish color and this observation indicated the green-biosynthesis of CuNPs by reduction of Cu+ to Cu0. Also, the absorbance broadening band for the green-biosynthetic CuNPs appeared at the 340 nm wavelength using UV-Vis but the C. carvi aqueous extract not showed any peaks at this wavelength. SEM analysis exhibited the micrographic surface morphology and the shape of the green-biosynthetic CuNPs with a scan area of 50 μm and showed the spherical shape particles of CuNPs aggregation. The three-dimensional image and the surface morphology of green-biosynthesized CuNPs and C. carvi aqueous extract were examined using AFM analysis that showed the surface of C. carvi aqueous extract was 45.5 nm size with non-homologus and irregular form of distribution, but the green-biosynthesized CuNPs were 12.4 nm size in nanoscale with regular and homogenous distribution form. The results also showed that the effect of bio-synthesized copper nanoparticles was evident on the S. lycopersicum seedlings fresh and dry weight according to the different reading times after treatment with nanoparticles. Also, the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) showed a significant increase in the chlorophyll content (58.51 μg/cm²) on the 21st day after treatment and a significant increase in the activity of peroxidase enzyme (35.12 U min-1 mg-1 protein) was obtained at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL (CuNPs) at 21st day after germination.

  • Silicon-carbide (SiC) nanocrystal as technology and characterization and its applications in photo-stabilizers of Teflon
    Raghda Alsayed, Dina S. Ahmed, Amani Husain, Mohammed Al-Baidhani, Mohammed Al-Mashhadani, Alaa A. Rashad, Muna Bufaroosha, and Emad Yousif
    Elsevier BV

  • Recent study of PF/ZnO nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization and optical properties
    Dina S. Ahmed, Mohammed Al-Baidhani, Hadeel Adil, Muna Bufaroosha, Alaa A. Rashad, Khalid Zainulabdeen, and Emad Yousif
    Elsevier BV

  • Evaluation the Proficiency of Irradiative Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Films in Existence of Di- and Tri-organotin(IV) Complexes
    Alaa Mohammed, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Azal U. Ahmed, Muthana M. Kassim, Raghad A. Haddad, Alaa A. Rashad, Wedad H. Al-Dahhan, Ahmed Ahmed, Nadia Salih, and Emad Yousif
    AIP Publishing

  • Synthesis Thin Films of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Doped by Aromatic Organosilicon to Absorb the Incident Light
    Rasheed N. Abed, Emad Yousif, Abdul Rahman N. Abed, and Alaa A. Rashad
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    The innovative objective of present work is to evaluate the optical properties of the pure PVC and PVC composites with 5 wt.% organosilicon. The composite of PVC /organosilicon has been prepared by casting method. The optical properties of pure PVC and PVC/organosilicon thin films were measured in the wavelength range (250–1300 nm) by utilizing the diffusive reflectance device at room temperature 307 K. The optical properties as: absorption, reflectance, transmittance, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, urbach energy and skin depth were calculated. The energy gap of direct transition was decreased from (4–2.2 eV), and for the indirect allowed also decreased from (3.4–1.8 eV), these values indicated the PVC thin films effected by the organosilicon. In details, the urbach energy have been decreased accompanied declines the energy gap after PVC mixing with organosilicon. The dispersing energy and the effective single oscillator were increased. The high frequency of dielectric constant and effective mass were increased of thin films of PVC modified with organosilicon. XRD and SEM were employed upon the sample to demonstrate the semi-crystalline and porous structure. The modified thin films of PVC with organosilicon have many applications as optical stability in electronic applications, low fabrication cost, non-flammability, high heat borne, coating the inner lining of the rocket engine, and heat shielding material.

  • Modified PVC as adsorbent for methyl orange dye removable
    Azal U. Ahmed, Hanan Ibraheem, Mohammed Kadhom, Alaa A. Rashad, Wedad H. Al-Dahhan, Muna Bufaroosha, and Emad Yousif
    AIP Publishing

  • Chemical Polymerization Method to Synthesize Polyaniline as a Novel Anode Catalyst in Microbial Fuel Cell
    R. K. Fakher Al-Fahed, Alaa A. Rashad, Munaf S. Majeed, and Hussain A. Badran
    Pleiades Publishing Ltd

  • Optical properties of PVC composite modified during light exposure to give high absorption enhancement
    Rasheed N. Abed, Emad Yousif, Abdul Rahman N. Abed, Alaa A. Rashad, Abas Hadawey, and Ali H. Jawad
    Elsevier BV

  • New coating synthesis comprising CuO:NiO/C to obtain highly selective surface for enhancing solar energy absorption
    Rasheed N. Abed, Mustafa Abdallh, Alaa A. Rashad, Abas Hadawey, and Emad Yousif
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    A novel nano coating was synthesized by spin and casting methods to obtain high-performance selective surfaces to enhance solar energy absorption. Nanomaterials (CuO:NiO) and carbon (fly ash) were used to provide a cost-efficient coating with high absorption efficiency. The materials were prepared with different carbon doping content, and the coating of the nanocomposite film was deposited by these techniques on pre-cleaned copper and glass substrates. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to determine the component element for carbon (fly ash), and its diameter was measured using scanning electron microscopy. The optical properties were investigated by UV spectrometry and reflectivity tests in a range of 250–1300 nm at room temperature. The absorbance coefficient, transmittance, reflectance, skin depth, optical density, optical energy gap and Urbach’s parameters of the nanocomposite thin films were also determined. The data were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the theory of phonon-assisted direct electronic transitions. The Eg of the doped carbon was measured in different composition ratios of CuO:NiO (A = 0.5:2.5, B = 1:2, C = 1.5:1.5, D = 2:1, E = 2.5:0.5) wt.%, and fixed carbon content at 7 wt.%. The results of the doped samples revealed an energy gap value of 2.5–3.9 eV. When the ratio of the CuO content ranged from 0.5 to 2.5, composition B was found to have three regions in its figure that were dependent on the CuO content in the nanocomposite mixture. The optical band gap values were highly dependent on the CuO content in the nanocomposite films.

  • Spectrally selective coating of nanoparticles (Co<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>:Cr<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>) incorporated in carbon to captivate solar energy
    Rasheed N. Abed, Mustafa Abdallh, Alaa Adnan Rashad, Haidar Ch. Al‐Mohammedawi, and Emad Yousif
    Wiley

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