Saleha Al-Mardeai
@uaeu.ac.ae
Post-doctoral fellow, Chemical and Petroleum Department
United Arab Emirates University
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Lignocellulosic Biomass, Biochemical Conversion, Biofuels, Membrane Bioreactors, Microalgae, Renewable Energy, Sustainability
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Saleha Al-Mardeai, Emad Elnajjar, Raed Hashaikeh, Boguslaw Kruczek, Bart Van der Bruggen, and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
Elsevier BV
Saleha Al-Mardeai, Emad Elnajjar, Raed Hashaikeh, Boguslaw Kruczek, Bart Van der Bruggen, and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
MDPI AG
The depletion of fossil fuel resources and the negative impact of their use on the climate have resulted in the need for alternative sources of clean, sustainable energy. One available alternative, bioethanol, is a potential substitute for, or additive to, petroleum-derived gasoline. In the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process, the cellulose hydrolysis step represents a major hurdle that hinders commercialization. To achieve economical production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials, the rate and yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, which is preferred over other chemically catalyzed processes, must be enhanced. To achieve this, product inhibition and enzyme loss, which are two major challenges, must be overcome. The implementation of membranes, which can permeate molecules selectively based on their size, offers a solution to this problem. Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can enhance enzymatic hydrolysis yields and lower costs by retaining enzymes for repeated usage while permeating the products. This paper presents a critical discussion of the use of MBRs as a promising approach to the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Various MBR configurations and factors that affect their performance are presented.
Mutamed Ayyash, Abdelmoneim Abdalla, Basim Abu-Jdayil, Thom Huppertz, Raman Bhaskaracharya, Saleha Al-Mardeai, Anusha Mairpady, Arachchige Ranasinghe, and Anas Al-Nabulsi
Elsevier BV
Saleha Al-Mardeai, Emad Elnajjar, Raed Hashaikeh, Boguslaw Kruczek, Bart Van der Bruggen, and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
MDPI AG
Hydrolysis is the heart of the lignocellulose-to-bioethanol conversion process. Using enzymes to catalyze the hydrolysis represents a more environmentally friendly pathway compared to other techniques. However, for the process to be economically feasible, solving the product inhibition problem and enhancing enzyme reusability are essential. Prior research demonstrated that a flat-sheet membrane bioreactor (MBR), using an inverted dead-end filtration system, could achieve 86.7% glucose yield from purified cellulose in 6 h. In this study, the effectiveness of flat-sheet versus radial-flow MBR designs was assessed using real, complex lignocellulose biomass, namely date seeds (DSs). The tubular radial-flow MBR used here had more than a 10-fold higher membrane surface area than the flat-sheet MBR design. With simultaneous product separation using the flat-sheet inverted dead-end filtration MBR, a glucose yield of 10.8% from pretreated DSs was achieved within 8 h of reaction, which was three times higher than the yield without product separation, which was only 3.5% within the same time and under the same conditions. The superiority of the tubular radial-flow MBR to hydrolyze pretreated DSs was confirmed with a glucose yield of 60% within 8 h. The promising results obtained by the novel tubular MBR could pave the way for an economic lignocellulose-to-bioethanol process.
Saleha Al-Mardeai, Emad Elnajjar, Raed Hashaikeh, Boguslaw Kruczek, and Sulaiman Al-Zuhair
Elsevier BV
E. Elnajjar, S. Al-Zuhair, S. Hasan, S. Almardeai, S.A.B. Al Omari, and A. Hilal-Alnaqbi
Elsevier BV
Saleha Almardeai, Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas- Oyanedel, Sabeera Haris, and Jens Ejbye Schmidt
Faculty of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University
Avicennia marina is the only naturally occurring mangrove specie in the arid Arabian Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Due to the water scarcity of this arid-region, A. marina is a precious biomass resource for the UAE that does not require fresh water for growing, and is able to grow in the Arabian Gulf high salinity conditions, over 40g/kg. This non-fresh water lignocellulosic arid-region bioresource may be used for the production of high valuable chemicals. The objective of the present manuscript is to characterize the lignocellulosic composition of Arabian Gulf A. marina, as a first attempt to highlight its importance in a biobased economy in arid regions. Avicennia marina stem, leaves and pneumatophors samples were collected from two locations in the United Arab Emirates. A. marina samples were chemically characterized for sugar composition, ash content and byproducts using standardized protocols. The analysis revealed that A. marina arabinan, xylan, glucan and lignin composition ranges, in g/100g_TS (TS: total solids), between 1-22, 5-18, 10-31, and 21-48, respectively. The highest composition of xylan and glucan (g/100g_TS) was obtained for stems and pneumatophors, 45 and 38, respectively. Xylan and glucan are the polymeric precursors for the production of high value chemicals, e.g. furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), respectively. Under the characterization conditions, it was obtained furfural and HMF (g/100g_TS) in the ranges of 0.05-0.42, and 0.45-2.1, respectively.
Juan-Rodrigo Bastidas-Oyanedel, Chuanji Fang, Saleha Almardeai, Usama Javid, Ahasa Yousuf, and Jens Ejbye Schmidt
Elsevier BV