Oxytetracycline Residues in Eggs From Commercial Poultry Farms in Ilorin City, Nigeria Ibraheem Ghali-Mohammed, Shukrah Omotayo Ghali, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Ismail Adewuyi Adeyemo, Isaac Olufemi Olatoye, et al. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2025 Background: The risk of indiscriminate antibiotic use in Nigeria is high and has serious public health and food implications. The unrestricted usage of oxytetracycline can lead to the accumulation of antibiotic residues in animal products, such as eggs. Objectives: This study investigated oxytetracycline residues in eggs from 20 commercial poultry farms in Ilorin City, Nigeria. Methods: Samples were randomly collected from poultry farms in Ilorin City, Nigeria, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Oytetracycline residues were detected in pooled egg samples from 15 farms (75% prevalence). The mean concentration of 398.30±186.73 µg/kg was obtained with six samples (30%) exceeding the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL) of 400 µg/kg. Standard curve analysis showed linearity (r2=0.98). Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of oxytetracycline residues in eggs produced by commercial poultry farms in Ilorin City, Nigeria. It underscores the need for better regulation and oversight of antibiotic use in poultry farming to mitigate health risks associated with antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Among Mobile Pastoralists in Nigeria: Knowledge, Practices, Risk Perceptions and Drivers for Transboundary Dissemination Ibraheem mohammed, Nma Alhaji, Abdulrahman Adeiza, Mohammed Aliyu, Akeem Bakare, et al. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2025 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, particularly in livestock farming communities with widespread antimicrobial usage (AMU). This study assessed the knowledge, practices, and risk perceptions of pastoralists in Nigeria regarding AMU and AMR transmission. A cross-sectional survey of 384 respondents revealed a predominantly male (85.4%) and married (84.4%) population with limited formal education (65.2%). Knowledge of AMU and AMR was generally low, with significant gaps in understanding the risks of misuse and overuse. AMU practices included widespread self-administration without expert consultation (96.0%), frequent use for multiple purposes (58.1%), and poor adherence to withdrawal periods (90.3%). Risk perceptions varied, with high-risk concerns for contact with contaminated livestock and fomites but lower awareness of other transmission pathways. Key drivers of AMR emergence included antimicrobial misuse, anthropogenic activities, financial constraints, and climate change, with cross-border grazing identified as a major risk factor. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance awareness, promote responsible AMU, and improve risk perceptions among pastoralists. A One Health approach integrating education, policy reforms, and cross-sectoral collaboration is crucial to mitigating AMR’s impact on public health, livestock production, and environmental sustainability.
ANTIBIOTICS USE AND AWARENESS OF RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG FISH FARMERS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA Akeem Babatunde Dauda, Abdulsalam Sani Nababa, Justina Omolegho Oshoke, Hauwau Abubakar Salele, Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, et al. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 2025 <p><strong>Background</strong>. Disease outbreaks are considered to be a significant drawback in aquaculture development globally which leads aquaculturists to indiscriminate use of antibiotics. <strong>Objective</strong>. To assess the status of antibiotics use, farmers’ knowledge of risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and disease occurrence in fish farms in Katsina state, Nigeria. <strong>Methodology</strong> Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the active and accessible fish farms in the state, The data collected were presented and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. <strong>Results</strong>: Most of the respondents were male (87.5%), aged 31 to 40 years and average of 7 years in operation. The majority (78.1%) use antibiotics for curative purposes, and the dominant usage frequency was occasional (28.1%). Majority (75%) of the respondents noted that antibiotics are readily available and moderately priced (46.9%) while the method of addition to water (37.5%) was the most frequently. Fish cure™ (37%), Aquaceryl plus™ (26%) and Oxytetracycline (10%) were the most commonly used antibiotics in the state. Most of the respondents (65.6%) are aware of the risks associated with AMR for fish but many of them (56.2%) are not aware of possible risks associated with consuming fish with antibiotic residue. Disease occurrence is very high (78.1%) among the farms in the state, with the majority (59.3%) having experienced outbreaks between one and three times. Despite the small scale of fish farming in the state, the mean economic loss due to disease outbreaks stood at ₦594, 605.3±0.21 (USD 371.63). The logistic regression model revealed that years in operation is the major factor influencing the use of antibiotics (P=0.072) and the occurrence of fish diseases (P=0.055) in fish farms in the state. <strong>Implication</strong>: Antibiotics is highly used in fish farms in the state without prescription by the veterinary experts and the majority of the farmers are not aware of risk associated with consuming fish with antibiotic residue. <strong>Conclusion</strong>.The study collectively provide a foundation for informed decision-making, targeted interventions, and future research directions in the realm of sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices in Katsina state.</p>
Whole genome sequencing analysis of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in milk in Kwara State, Nigeria I. Ghali-Mohammed, I. A. Odetokun, I. Raufu, V. O. Adetunji Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2024 Background: Escherichia coli is a major cause of poor microbial quality of milk, often resulting from unhygienic milk handling. Milk contamination poses public health concerns. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in food products, particularly milk, is a critical concern for public health. Limited information exists on the detection of non-O157 E. coli pathotypes in milk sold by local processors in Nigeria. Aims: This study aimed to explore the diversity of non-O157 STEC isolates found in commercially available milk in Kwara State, Nigeria, to find the genetic diversity and potential risks associated with these strains. Methods: A subgroup of 18 representative non-O157 STEC isolated from milk samples (n=1225) was selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Results: Four novel sequence types (ST): ST398, ST540, ST1727, and ST9891 of non-O157 E. coli involving five serotypes: O176:H30, O176:H20, O8:H20, O21:H45, and O22:H7, carrying variable proportions of virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmids, were identified. Conclusion: This investigation contributes valuable data to the ongoing efforts to ensure food safety and prevent the transmission of E. coli strains through dairy products. The findings have implications for public health policies and food quality standards in Kwara State, Nigeria. Improved hygienic practices during milk handling are recommended.
S taphylococcus aureus contamination of animal-derived foods in Nigeria: a systematic review, 2002—2022 Ismail Ayoade Odetokun, Mutiat Adenike Adetona, Rodhiat Oyinlola Ade-Yusuf, Adeola Oluwafunmibi Adewoye, Aliyu Nuhu Ahmed, et al. Food Safety and Risk, 2023 Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacterium of public health importance. The zoonotic spread of this pathogen through animal-derived foods has been reported. This systematic literature review investigates the prevalence, distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, and molecular characteristics of S. aureus in the food chain in Nigeria. Methods A systematic search of online databases (Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) for published articles from January 2002 to January 2022 was performed using the Prisma guideline. Results Fifty articles were included from an initial 511 extracted documents. These papers included research carried out in 22 states across Nigeria. S. aureus detection in most studies was above the satisfactory level for foods (≥ 104 CFU/g). The prevalence of S. aureus ranged from 1.3% in raw cow meat to 72.5% in fresh poultry meat. Most S. aureus isolates demonstrated multiple drug resistance patterns, especially being resistant to beta-lactams. There is a lack of information on the molecular typing of the S. aureus isolates. The different spa types of S. aureus isolated were t091, t314, t1476, and t4690, categorized into Multi-Locus-Sequence Types ST8, ST121, ST152, and ST789. Virulence genes detected include pvl, sea, see, spa, coa, edin, tsst, and hly. Certain AMR-encoding genes were detected, such as mecA, blaZ, fos, tet, and dfsr.. Factors contributing to the presence of S. aureus were reported as poor processing, poor sanitary conditions of the food processing units, inadequate storage units, and poor handling. Conclusion We showed that S. aureus is a major food contaminant in Nigeria despite the need for more information on the molecular typing of strains from animal-derived food sources. There is a need to control S. aureus by targeting specific entry points based on the findings on risk factors and drivers of food contamination.
Occupational health and food safety risks in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey of slaughterhouse workers Food Protection Trends, 2020
Molecular epidemiological exploration of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Africa from One Health perspective: A systematic review NB Alhaji, A Salihu, IA Odetokun, IG Mohammed, M Mellace, MIA Hassan One Health Microbiology & Infection 1 (1), 3-11 , 2025 2025 Citations: 6
Global distribution and incidence of multidrug resistant and ESBL producing Escherichia coli: an observational study of the ATLAS dataset AI Al-Mustapha, B Muasa, V Adetunji, OD Awoyale, IM Adesiyan, ... Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 102150 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Knowledge, attitude, and practice levels of Fulani milk processors toward milk contamination and hygiene in Northern Oyo State, Nigeria I Ghali-Mohammed, AA Azeez, MA Adetona, AA Bakare, TO Isola, ... Discover Food 5 (1), 205 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Organochlorine pesticide residues in water and Silver Catfish (Bagrus bajad Fabricius, 1775) from a tropical man-made lake, Northwestern Nigeria. I Abubakar, RO Moruf, I Ghali-Mohammed, HO Sadiq, LA Folorunso, ... Aceh Journal of Animal Science 10 (2) , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Risk of zoonotic diseases among veterinary students in Nigeria: a multi-institutional national cross-sectional survey I Ghali-Mohammed, AS Afolayan, AA Bakare, RO Adesola, TO Isola, ... Discover Public Health 22 (1), 288 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Antimicrobial Use and Resistance Among Mobile Pastoralists in Nigeria: Knowledge, Practices, Risk Perceptions and Drivers for Transboundary Dissemination. I Ghali-Mohammed, NB Alhaji, AM Adeiza, MB Aliyu, AA Bakare, ... Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences 85 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Oxytetracycline Residues in Eggs From Commercial Poultry Farms in Ilorin City, Nigeria. I Ghali-Mohammed, SO Ghali, IA Odetokun, IA Adeyemo, IO Olatoye Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 19 (2) , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Assessment of keeping quality and microbial load of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle milk, processing facilities, and environment in Northern Oyo State, Nigeria I Ghali-Mohammed, AA Azeez, AO Akeem, MA Adetona, IA Adeyemo, ... FUDMA Journal of Sciences 9 (3), 309-315 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Evaluation and prioritization of food safety risks in the Nigerian red meat industry IA Odetokun, DC Olawoye, AA Bakare, TO Isola, NB Alhaji, ... Discover Food 5 (1), 88 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Incidence of Furuncular Myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard, 1872) Larvae Infestation and Associated Risk Factors on Dogs in Ilorin Metropolis, North Central … M Rabiu, RU Adekola, SD Ola-Fadunsin, IA Ganiyu, MO Adeleke, ... UMYU Scientifica 4 (1), 408-415 , 2025 2025
Perceptions and knowledge of frontline health workers on emerging zoonotic diseases in Nigeria I Ghali-Mohammed, AH Usman, MB Aliyu, U Akpabio, IA Odetokun, ... CABI One Health 4 (1), 0012 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
One Health Microbiology & Infection NB Alhaji, A Salihu, IA Odetokun, IG Mohammed, M Mellace, MIA Hassan 2025
Food safety knowledge and attitudes among fish vendors in informal markets in Ilorin, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study I Ghali-Mohammed, TO Isola, IA Adeyemo, RA Kadir, HM Ambali, ... Discover Food 4 (1), 161 , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Evaluation and Prioritization of Food Safety Risks in the Nigerian Red Meat Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study on Public Health Implications and Industry-Wide Practices IA Odetokun, DC Olawoye, AA Bakare, TO Isola, NB Alhaji, ... 2024
Pathology and oxidative stress changes associated with pregnancy toxaemia in ewes M Adam, AA Ajadi, JA Atata, MO Olaniyi, IA Raufu, FM Lawal, A Bashir, ... Sahel Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21 (1), 25-33 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Seasonal variation of organochlorine pesticides residue in water and silver catfish (Bagrus Bajad fabricius, 1775) from Ajiwa Reservoir, Katsina State I Abubakar, A Dasuki, TA Babatunde, I Ghali-Mohammed, ... Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment 16 (2), 9-16 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Histomorphololgical Assessment of the Alcoholic Extract of Saccharum officinarum Bark as a Primary Stain OM Mohammed, M Alhassan, AT Muhammad, I Mohammed, U Abubakar, ... SJMLS 9 (2) , 2024 2024
Histological Evaluation of Wound Healing Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Tamarindus indica Seed Extract in Wistar Rats MO Mohammed, O Angbagh, AT Muhammad, I Mohammed, U Abubakar, ... Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy 21 (1), 78-83 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Staphylococcus aureus contamination of Milk and Cheese: Assessment of Consumers and Vendors Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Ilorin, Nigeria IA Odetokun, AO Adewoye, MA Adetona, RO Ade-Yusuf, A Raza, ... UMYU Scientifica 3 (2), 211-222 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Discover Food I Ghali‑Mohammed, TO Isola, IA Adeyemo, RA Kadir, HM Ambali, ... 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among veterinary students and their personal antibiotic use practices: A national cross-sectional survey IA Odetokun, U Akpabio, NB Alhaji, KT Biobaku, NO Oloso, ... Antibiotics 8 (4), 243 , 2019 2019 Citations: 76
Neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria: Role of the public health veterinarian N Elelu, JO Aiyedun, IG Mohammed, OO Oludairo, IA Odetokun, ... The Pan African Medical Journal 32, 36 , 2019 2019 Citations: 74
Staphylococcus aureus in two municipal abattoirs in Nigeria: Risk perception, spread and public health implications IA Odetokun, B Ballhausen, VO Adetunji, I Ghali-Mohammed, ... Veterinary Microbiology 216, 52-59 , 2018 2018 Citations: 64
Survey on antimicrobial usage in local dairy cows in North-central Nigeria: Drivers for misuse and public health threats NB Alhaji, MB Aliyu, I Ghali-Mohammed, IA Odetokun PloS one 14 (12), e0224949 , 2019 2019 Citations: 56
Occupational Health and Food Safety Risks in Ilorin, Northcentral Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Survey of Slaughterhouse Workers. IA Odetokun, I Ghali-Mohammed, NB Alhaji, AA Nuhu, HA Oyedele, ... Food Protection Trends 40 (4) , 2020 2020 Citations: 38
S taphylococcus aureus contamination of animal-derived foods in Nigeria: a systematic review, 2002—2022 IA Odetokun, MA Adetona, RO Ade-Yusuf, AO Adewoye, AN Ahmed, ... Food safety and risk 10 (1), 6 , 2023 2023 Citations: 31
Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from marketed raw cow milk in Kwara State, Nigeria I Ghali-Mohammed, IA Odetokun, IA Raufu, NB Alhaji, VO Adetunji Scientific African 19, e01469 , 2023 2023 Citations: 30
Knowledge and self-reported food safety practices among meat consumers in Ilorin, Nigeria IA Odetokun, ZM Afolaranmi, AA Nuhu, BO Borokinni, I Ghali-Mohammed, ... Dialogues in health 1, 100039 , 2022 2022 Citations: 27
A Cross-Sectional Survey of Consumers' Risk Perception and Hygiene of Retail Meat: A Nigerian Study. IA Odetokun, BO Borokinni, SD Bakare, I Ghali-Mohammed, NB Alhaji Food Protection Trends 41 (3) , 2021 2021 Citations: 26
Herd growth parameters and constraints of camel rearing in Northeastern Nigeria AZ Jaji, N Elelu, MB Mahre, K Jaji, LIG Mohammed, M Audu Likita, ... Pastoralism 7 (1), 16 , 2017 2017 Citations: 25
Serospatial epidemiology of zoonotic Coxiella burnetii in a cross section of cattle and small ruminants in northern Nigeria N Elelu, AA Bankole, RJ Musa, IA Odetokun, M Rabiu, KT Biobaku, ... Plos one 15 (10), e0240249 , 2020 2020 Citations: 24
Seropositivity and associated intrinsic and extrinsic factors for Rift Valley fever virus occurrence in pastoral herds of Nigeria: a cross sectional survey NB Alhaji, J Aminu, MK Lawan, OO Babalobi, I Ghali-Mohammed, ... BMC veterinary research 16 (1), 243 , 2020 2020 Citations: 23
Handling practices and contamination of raw milk sold for consumption in markets of Kwara State, Nigeria. I Ghali-Mohammed, IA Odetokun, IA Raufu, VO Adetunji Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20 (1), 50 , 2022 2022 Citations: 21
Knowledge, risk perception, and prevention preparedness towards COVID-19 among a cross-section of animal health professionals in Nigeria IA Odetokun, NB Alhaji, U Akpabio, MA Abdulkareem, GT Bilat, D Subedi, ... The Pan African Medical Journal 41, 20 , 2022 2022 Citations: 16
Serotypes, antimicrobial profiles, and public health significance of Salmonella from camels slaughtered in Maiduguri central abattoir, Nigeria IA Raufu, IA Odetokun, FS Oladunni, M Adam, UT Kolapo, GJ Akorede, ... Veterinary World 8 (9), 1068 , 2015 2015 Citations: 16
One Health risk challenges and preparedness regarding bovine tuberculosis at abattoirs in North-central Nigeria: Associated drivers and health belief IA Odetokun, NB Alhaji, J Aminu, MK Lawan, MA Abdulkareem, ... PLoS neglected tropical diseases 16 (9), e0010729 , 2022 2022 Citations: 15
Knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of broiler grow-out farmers on antimicrobial use and resistance in Oyo State, Nigeria NO Oloso, IA Odetokun, I Ghali-Mohammed, FO Fasina, IO Olatoye, ... Antibiotics 11 (5), 567 , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
knowledge of antimicrobial resistance among veterinary students and their personal antibiotic use practices: A National cross-sectional survey. Antibiotics. 2019; 8 (4): 243 IA Odetokun, U Akpabio, NB Alhaji, KT Biobaku, NO Oloso, ... PubMed 1, 07-19 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella species from patients attending hospitals and diagnostic laboratories in Maiduguri, northeastern … AO Ahmed, IA Raufu, IA Odetokun, FS Oladunni, GJ Akorede, IM Ghali, ... 2016 Citations: 11
Bacteria contamination of surfaces and facilities at the ultra-modern abattoir Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria. IA Odetokun, A Atane, KM Mohammed, NB Alhaji, I Ghali-Mohammed, ... Journal of Sustainable Veterinary & Allied Sciences 1 (2) , 2021 2021 Citations: 8