Multiobjective Optimization of Hydrogen-Assisted Calophyllum inophyllum Biodiesel Operation in a Compression Ignition Engine C. Naga Kumar, Nageswara Rao Dayadi, J. M. Babu, Srinivasa Reddy Yarram, Ravikiran Chintalapudi, Bridjesh Pappula Energy Science and Engineering, 2026 This study investigates operating conditions for a diesel engine running in tri‐fuel mode with diesel, Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel (0–30 vol%), and inducted hydrogen (0–15 L·min − 1 ) over 0%–100% load (20% steps), yielding 96 steady‐state points. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake‐specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, and regulated emissions (NO x , HC, CO, CO 2 , and smoke) were measured. To avoid dependence on a single, fixed objective weighting, Bootstrapped Empirical Multiobjective Ranking and Selection (BEMORS) was applied using percentile scaling, Pareto screening, and Dirichlet preference weights under baseline, NO x ‐biased, and NO x , along with smoke‐biased scenarios. Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis benchmarking was used to check ranking consistency. Hydrogen enrichment increased BTE and decreased CO, HC, and smoke across loads, while tending to increase NO x . Increasing biodiesel fraction has also decreased smoke, CO, and HC, but increased fuel consumption due to lower heating value. BEMORS identified 40% load with high hydrogen induction and low biodiesel fraction as the compromise across preference scenarios, whereas high‐load hydrogen addition scenarios were attractive when smoke scenarios dominate priorities. Combining tri‐fuel experiments with preference‐uncertain selection provides practical and implementable operating corridors that are competitive when regulatory emphasis shifts and quantifies the suitability of recommendations within the tested steady‐state conditions.
Topology Optimisation for Weight Reduction in Vehicles Ladder-Type Chassis Construction: A Finite Element Approach M. Saravana Kumar, S. Prakash, M. Prabhahar, K. Surendra Babu, J.M. Babu, Liu Shengqi International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, 2025 During the design phase, achieving a minimum weight is mostly dependent on maintaining a balance between weight and strength. The trial-and-error process is employed to achieve this equilibrium in typical design applications. Topology optimisation (TO) approaches have been employed in recent decades to compute this equilibrium. The primary goal of TO is to achieve strong and lightweight components while maintaining their desired features and simultaneously minimising the material usage. Therefore, this work examined the TO of a ladder-type chassis specifically under the weight load, brake load and centrifugal loading situations. The proposed investigation was conducted using the ANSYS. An analysis was conducted to examine the deformation and stress levels of the ladder-type chassis. The investigation yielded a mass decrease of around 18.4% by TO model without surpassing the allowed stress limits when compared to the baseline design.
A Study on the Effects of Adding Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to CI Engines Powered by Prosopis Juliflora Biodiesel-Diesel Blends M. Nagappan, J.M. Babu, G. Ashwin Prabhu, Dipak Shriramji Bajaj, V. Siva Reddy, et al. International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems, 2025 Plants like Prosopis Juliflora (PJF), which grows mostly in arid climates and regions where there is a semiarid climate, are non-edible feedstock’s for biofuels. PJF seeds undergo transesterification, which converts their biooil into biodiesel, to create biodiesel. This paper examines the performance and emissions of biodiesel extracted from the seeds of the PJF plant. The addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles supplies a catalyst that donates oxygen during combustion. Carbon deposits inside the engine cylinder are burned off by cerium oxide's activation energy by limiting polar compounds from depositing on the walls of the cylinders, HC emissions were decreased. EGR further reduced NOx emissions by treating exhaust gases. As a result, at all exhaust gas recirculation processes, PJF seed oil reduces smoke and NOx emissions considerably compared to Biodiesel.
Exploring Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation Studies of a Schiff Base Derived From N′-((2-Hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methylene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide Nageswara Reddy Gosu, K. Ramakrishna Reddy, J. M. Babu, Venkatesh Sadhana, P. Mohanraj, C. Hazarathaiah Yadav Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2025 The Schiff base ligand (HL), N′‐((2‐hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methylene)‐4‐methylbenzohydrazide, was synthesized via the condensation reaction of (2‐hydroxyphenyl)(phenyl) methanone and 4‐methylbenzohydrazide in methanol. Reacting HL with metal salts of Cu2+ and La3+ in a 2:1‐M ratio yielded metal complexes of Cu2+ and La3+, denoted as ML2 (M = Cu) and ML2Cl (M = La). The obtained metal complexes were further subjected to the following characterization techniques: elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, powder X‐ray diffraction, FTIR, NMR, TGA, and electronic spectral studies. The tridentate nature of HL was validated by FTIR and NMR investigations. Spectroscopic data suggested an octahedral structure for the complexes, which was further supported by electronic spectral analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Powder X‐ray diffraction revealed their crystalline nature, whereas thermal analysis indicated sequential decomposition of water, anions, and ligand molecules. An octahedral shape was confirmed by the axial symmetry of the ML2 ESR spectra, which showed g|| > g⟂ > 2.0023. Studies on antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, and E. faecalis showed that HL exhibited strong activity against E. faecalis and B. subtilis but lower efficacy against E. coli. Although ML2Cl showed maximum activity against B. subtilis and E. faecalis, ML2 was most effective against B. subtilis and E. faecalis. Molecular docking experiments confirmed strong ligand‐protein binding by evaluating binding interactions, energy profiles, and molecular distances. ML2 demonstrated the most stable interaction with the lowest binding energy, suggesting its enhanced biological activity compared to ML2Cl. The DFT experiments confirmed the optimized structures, and their energy levels including HOMO, LUMO, MESP, and MESP bar, as well as global reactivity parameters.
AI-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization for Energy Transformation from Renewable Sources to Smart Grid Infrastructure K Durga Syam Prasad, K Suresh Babu, Ahmed Ali, Milton Lucas Kakupa, Babu J M, Polamarasetty Praveen Kumar 13th IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Icsmartgrid 2025, 2025 The world's movement towards sustainable power supply calls for smart systems for the joint optimisation of cost, environmental impact and reliability of the energy systems. In this work, we present an AI-based multiobjective optimization framework that combines Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in improving energy conversion process of renewable. Applicability of the framework was tested on real data from three different locations spanning Portugal, Germany, and India, and all combinations of solar, wind, hydro, and battery storage. The simulation results showed that the proposed method has remarkable advantages compared with some traditional approaches, such as the Weighted Sum Method and the Goal Programming. The AI model led to an average 21.4 % LCOE, a 34.7 % reduction in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{CO}_{2}$</tex> emissions and increased system reliability that relaxed ULP down to 1.3 % Renewable integration also saw significant improvements; 70% penetration of renewables, battery utilization efficiencies of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$>85 \%$</tex>, and reduction on curtailment by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$>65 \%$</tex>. Comprehensive sensitivity analysis demonstrated the model's stability for practical uncertainties such as prediction error, market price fluctuation and demand variation. The solution was kept valid by the AI system over 95 %, so the solution is quite robust and flexible. The insights also led to policy intimations, including targeted storage investments, dynamic pricing enablers, and flexible demand strategies customized for each region.
Effect of Biomass Fuel on Thermal Efficiency of Four Pan Jaggery Plant Sharad Pachpute, Ningegowda Bittagowdanahalli Manjegowda, Anbalagan Munirathinam, Nithesh Bhaskar N., Kamesh M. R., Lokesh Paradeshi, Raghavendra Reddy N. V., Sudhakar Padmanabhan, Babu J. M., Dinesh Jadhav ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Proceedings Imece, 2025
Experimental investigation on the effect of diesel engine performance when operated with palm Munja biodiesel International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2018
A critical review on EGR technique to reduce the diesel engine emissions International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development, 2018
Experimental investigation on the effect of injection pressure on diesel engine performance when operated with electrolytically generated hydrogen oxygen mixture Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, 2017
Mechanical Characterization of Kevlar 49 and Pina Fiber Hybrid Composites G. Ashwin Prabhu, Frank Gladson T.S., D Srinivasan, J.M. Babu, K.M. Kumar ... Journal of Polymer & Composites. 14 (1), 301-316. , 2026 2026
Mechanical and Sustainable Enhancement of Epoxy Composites using Tamarind Seed Powder G. Ashwin Prabhu, T. Vinod Kumar, Janarthanam Vijayanand, N. Sathishkumar, J ... Journal of Polymer & Composites. 14 (1), 797-806 , 2026 2026
Mechanical and Sustainable Enhancement of Epoxy Composites using Tamarind Seed Powder G. Ashwin Prabhu, T. Vinod Kumar, Janarthanam Vijayanand, N. Sathishkumar, J ... Journal of Polymer & Composites. 14 (1), 797-806. , 2026 2026
Numerical Modelling of Transcritical Cryogenic Fuel Injection with a Real-Fluid Thermophysical Properties using an Implicit Large Eddy Simulations LP Bittagowdanahalli Manjegowda Ningegowda, Michele Battistoni, Hong G. Im ... Proceedings of the 28th National and 6th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and … , 2026 2026
Multiobjective Optimization of Hydrogen-Assisted Calophyllum inophyllum Biodiesel Operation in a Compression Ignition Engine BP C. Naga Kumar, Nageswara Rao Dayadi, J. M. Babu, Srinivasa Reddy Yarram ... Energy Science & Engineering 2026 (1), 1-33 , 2026 2026
Topology Optimisation for Weight Reduction in Vehicles Ladder-Type Chassis Construction: A Finite Element Approach MSKSPMPKSBJMBL Shengqi International Journal of Vehicle structures and Systems 17 (6), 1-7 , 2025 2025
A Study on the Effects of Adding Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to CI Engines Powered by Prosopis Juliflora Biodiesel-Diesel Blends LJB M. Nagappan, J.M. Babu, G. Ashwin Prabhu, Dipak Shriramji Bajaj ... International Journal of Vehicle structures and Systems 17 (4), 715-721 , 2025 2025
Sustainable Food Production: Harmonizing Ecological Effects with Food Security JMBGR D. Krithikaa, M. Rohanbruce, S. Indhumathi, G. Suresh, P. Chandramohan Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. 2025 (2), 293–305 , 2025 2025
Topology Optimisation for Weight Reduction in Vehicles Ladder-Type Chassis Construction: A Finite Element Approach. MS Kumar, S Prakash, M Prabhahar, KS Babu, JM Babu, L Shengqi International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems (IJVSS) 17 (6) , 2025 2025
Effect of Biomass Fuel on Thermal Efficiency of Four Pan Jaggery Plant. D Pachpute, S, Bittagowdanahalli Manjegowda, N, Munirathinam, A, Bhaskar N ... Proceedings of the ASME 2025 International Mechanical Engineering Congress … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Thermal analysis of various disc brake profiles made up of composite material GVRBCMK Ravikiran Chintalapudi1, a), Bommareddy Sunil Kanth Reddy1, b) , JM ... AIP Conference Proceedings 3342 (1), 1-11 , 2025 2025
Development and Assessment of Mechanical Characteristics in Sisal-Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites GA Prabhu, GA (Prabhu, S Karuppaswamy, S (Karuppaswamy, ... Journal of Polymer and Composites 13 (1), S708-S719 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Optimization and prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil using RSM and ANN DMMJM Babu Combustion Theory and Modelling 29 (2), 1-20 , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
AI-Driven Multi-Objective Optimization for Energy Transformation from Renewable Sources to Smart Grid Infrastructure KDS Prasad, KS Babu, A Ali, ML Kakupa, B JM, PP Kumar 2025 13th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), 422-427 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Exploring Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation Studies of a Schiff Base Derived From N′-((2-Hydroxyphenyl … NRGKRRJMBVSPMCH Yadav Applied Organometallic Chemistr 39 (7), 1-20 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Analysis of Performance, Combustion Dynamics and Emission Profiles of a VCR Multi-Fuel Engine with Ethanol-Plastic Oil Blend SPJMB Samuvel Michael Balsingha,c, Sangeetha Krishnamoorthia International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems 17 (1), 1-9 , 2025 2025
Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine M DM, B JM Engineering Research Express 6 (4), 045551 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9
Solar hybrid drying characteristics of byadagi chilli in South India S Palanisamy, M Ekambaram, BJ Musali, AGVV Eswar, MCS Sai AIP Conference Proceedings 3192 (1), 1-8 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Effect of Avaram Senna seed alternate fuel on diesel engine performance, combustion and emission analysis S Palanisamy, JM Babu AIP Conference Proceedings 3192 (1), 1-10 , 2024 2024
Sustainable Food Production: Harmonizing Ecological Effects with Food Security D Krithikaa, M Rohanbruce, S Indhumathi, G Suresh, P Chandramohan, ... International Conference on Design and Manufacturing Technologies, 293-305 , 2024 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
An investigation on CRDi engine characteristic using renewable orange-peel oil B Ashok, K Nanthagopal, DA Perumal, JM Babu, A Tiwari, A Sharma Energy conversion and management 180, 1026-1038 , 2019 2019 Citations: 67
Impact of additives on Combustion, performance and exhaust emission of biodiesel fueled direct injection diesel engine M Nagappan, A Devaraj, JM Babu, NV Saxena, O Prakash, P Kumar, ... Materials Today: Proceedings 62, 2326-2331 , 2022 2022 Citations: 57
Waste Plastic as a source of biofuel for stationary diesel engine-a critical review HV Muthuraja sunil kumar.K , Babu.J.M International Journal of Ambient Energy , 2022 2022 Citations: 44
Production of HHO gas in the water-electrolysis unit and the influences of its introduction to CI engine along with diesel-biodiesel blends at varying injection pressures MA J.M. Babu a, K. Sunil Kumar a, R. Ramesh Kumar a, Ümit Ağbulut b, Abdul ... International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 52 (1), 1-21 , 2024 2024 Citations: 36
Experimental and analytical investigation on friction welding dissimilar joints for aerospace applications RR Kumar, JM Babu, B Saleh, H Fayaz, A Chandrashekar, T Gera, ... Ain Shams Engineering Journal 14 (2), 101853 , 2023 2023 Citations: 36
Experimental evaluation of direct injection diesel engine performance and emissions with acacia biodiesel MN J. M. Babu, M. Sarath Chandra, P. Jayaprakash, K . Sunil Kumar International Journal of Ambient Energy 43 (1), - , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Analysis on the effect of pilot injection strategies on combustion and emission characteristics of palm-munja biodiesel/diesel blend on CRDI diesel engine R Babu, J.M., Prasad, K.S., Ganji, P.R., Ravikiran, C., Velu International Journal of Ambient Energy 43 (1), 618–621 , 2022 2022 Citations: 30
Intelligent Energy Management System for Microgrids using Reinforcement Learning VSAA Polamarasetty Kumar, Ramakrishna Nuvvula S S , SK. A. Shezan, Riyaz ... 2024 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Setubal … , 2024 2024 Citations: 24
Machine learning-driven predictive maintenance framework for anomaly detection and prognostics in wind farm operations RSS Nuvvula, PP Kumar, SR Ahammed, B JM, A Ali 2024 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), 284-289 , 2024 2024 Citations: 23
In ternary blend fuelled diesel engines, nanoparticles are used as an additive in biofuel production and as a fuel additive: A review JMB M. Nagappan ⇑ Materials Today: Proceedings 43 (2023), 618–621 , 2023 2023 Citations: 23
Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a single-cylinder DI Diesel engine fuelled with Lotus biodiesel-Diesel-nbutanol blends. HV K. Sunil Kumar, J.M. Babu International Journal of Ambient Energy 44 (2022), 618–621 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
Distributed Reinforcement Learning Framework for Autonomous Optimization of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems in Renewable Energy Integration RSS Nuvvula, PP Kumar, T S, SR Ahammed, H R, B J M, A Ali 2024 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Setubal … , 2024 2024 Citations: 22
Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Di-diesel Engine Fuelled with Aqueous Cerium Oxide and Aqueous Aluminium Oxide … MSC P. Ravichandra Ganesh, K. Hemachandra Reddy, J. M. Babu Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 85-96 , 2020 2020 Citations: 17
Production and engine performance and emission evaluation of karanja and jatropha-based biodiesel KC Akashkumar, P. Nagesh, C. Babu, J.M, Aatmesh, J., Vora Proceedings of the 19th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference & SAE … , 2019 2019 Citations: 15
Experimental investigation on the production of linseed biodiesel yielding and properties evaluation MB Jonnalagadda, NV Raj, P Bharmal, M Balaji AIP Conference Proceedings 2311 (1) , 2020 2020 Citations: 13
Modal analysis of natural rubber enhanced suspension system for vibration reduction KS Kumar, JM Babu, PJ Prakash, M Nagappan AIP Conference Proceedings 2715 (1), 1-12 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
The effects of additives to biodiesel and ethanol for enhancement of combustion characteristics and pollution reduction: A review KS M Nagappan1, a) J M Babu1, P Jayaprakash1 AIP Conference Proceedings 2715 (1), 1-12 , 2023 2023 Citations: 10
Investigation and Joint effect Analysis of Ti-6AL-4V & SS-304L in Aerospace Applications RR Kumar, JM Babu INCAS Bulletin 12 (3), 195-201 , 2020 2020 Citations: 10
Experimental and computational evaluation of temperature difference of a cascade condenser of R134a-R23 cascade refrigeration system PL Rupesh, JM Babu, D Surryaprakash, RD Misra 2015 International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for … , 2015 2015 Citations: 10
Impact of nano cerium oxide addition with pyrolysis waste plastic oil on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CRDI diesel engine M DM, B JM Engineering Research Express 6 (4), 045551 , 2024 2024 Citations: 9