Baldev Setia

@nitkkr.ac.in

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra (India)
National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra

Baldev Setia


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https://researchid.co/baldsetia

EDUCATION

Ph.D (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur) Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Civil and Structural Engineering, Water Science and Technology
42

Scopus Publications

Scopus Publications

  • A comprehensive approach for predicting local scour depth using machine learning models
    Vanshika Bhardwaj, Har Amrit Singh Sandhu, Baldev Setia
    Engineering Research Express, 2026
    Scouring around bridge piers and abutments are the most common failure mode for bridges which can lead to infrastructure and economic losses. Thus, it is important to analyze the scour depth around bridge piers and abutments, however, most studies focus on the prediction of scour depth around pier of single geometry. This study focuses on predicting scour depth around vertical wall, 45° wing wall, and semicircular abutments using a comprehensive set of different machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Subspace KStar (RS-KStar) model. These models are validated using statistical indices like coefficient of determination (R 2 ), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The models were benchmarked against two existing empirical equations. The results indicate that, XGBoost and Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy for vertical wall and 45° wing wall due to their ability of capturing strong nonlinearities and skewed flow patterns. In case of semicircular abutment, ANN and ANFIS performed better as the flow behavior is smoother and more continuous. All ML models outperform the empirical equations highlighting the limited generalizability of these equations. The comparative analysis indicates that the performance of the model varies with different abutment geometries, highlighting the importance of selection of ML model based on structure geometry.
  • Flow-Scour Interacti on Around Bridge Piers in Staggered Placement: An Experimental Approach
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, 2025
    Bridges represent critical components of a nation’s infrastructure, serving as essential links for the movement of people, goods, and transportation systems. The disruption or closure of a bridge can severely hinder economic growth by impeding the flow of resources and services. In addition to facilitating cargo transport, bridges reduce travel constraints and enhance connectivity. With the rapid growth of population and urbanization, bridges are increasingly constructed in proximity to one another. This reduced spacing significantly influences the local scour depth around bridge piers, which is a primary cause of structural instability. The present study investigates the influence of groups on the scour depth in a staggered arrangement. Experimental work was conducted in a tilting-bed water flume, 12 m long, 0.60 m wide, and 0.70 m deep. The bridge pier model diameter of 62 mm was tested. Uniformly graded river sand with an average mean particle size of d50 = 0.23 mm was used as the bed material. Experimental results reveal that, when the spacing between the bridge piers is greater than 2.5 times the diameter of the bridge pier, it effectively reduces the maximum scour depth around the piers in staggered arrangement, thereby improving hydraulic performance and pier stability.
  • Improving the estimation precision of the mapping of groundwater salinity by employing the Indicator Kriging Technique
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal, Vishal Puri, Bhupender Singh, Kuldeep Sharma, Ashok Kumar Yadav
    Applied Water Science, 2025
    In tropical and semiarid areas, saline sub-surface water irrigation presents difficulties, resulting in salinized soil and reduced agricultural yields. In the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 2022, this study evaluated electrical conductivity (EC) in 30 wells in Yamunanagar and Ambala, Haryana. The results showed that the danger of sub-surface water salinity, which could cause soil salinization, ranged from moderate (Group C2) to high (Group C3). Additionally, the data showed typical fluctuations. In the absence of field data, the Ordinary Kriging Technique (OKT) and Indicator Kriging Technique (IKT) were used to estimate salinity using the semivariogram approach to groundwater salinity levels. OKT tends to underestimate high salt levels and overestimate low salinity. By using nonlinear and nonparametric techniques with electrical conductivity thresholds, the IKT improved the salinity estimates’ spatial distribution accuracy. IKT was useful for public health, water management, and agricultural planning since it offered a more accurate and probabilistic prediction of high salinity levels. The shortcomings of conventional kriging are addressed by this development in geostatistical modeling, which also aids in environmental management, especially in areas vulnerable to contamination and seawater intrusion.
  • Mechanism of scour around two piers
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    Pollack Periodica, 2024
    Scour around the bridge piers is the main cause of bridge failure below any bridge pier placed within the waterways. It is more than hundred years back a number of researchers described the vortex shedding phenomenon and the resulting Aeolian tones from a circular cylinder. Since then there have been a large number of investigations dealing with various aspects of this phenomenon. In many practical works and situations, flow takes place around more than one obstruction and objects in close proximity. Invariably in all these cases, interference effects occur and the forces on the obstructions are much influenced by these effects. These effects play a key role in the structures like flow-induced vibration of TV and transmission towers, and in many other practical situations. In this research paper the changes in the flow field that occur due to the interference effects are shown, analysed and the results as given in literature are compared with the present experimental work. The features have been brought out in this paper mainly make use of stand and geometry of circular cylinders in close proximity and the flow part of geometry in side by side arrangement.
  • Effect of a Group of Piles on Scour Depth of an Isolated Bridge Pier
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, 2024
    Bridges are symbols of a country’s infrastructure. In order to link people, products, and transportation, bridges are necessary. A nation’s economic development can be halted by the closing of a bridge. It is possible to finish services that are no longer provided by bridges. Bridges are used to move cargo and resources from one location to another. Over bridges, one can get away from the bustle of daily life. The things might be delivered by customers. Due to the increase in the world’s population, the bridges are constructed in close proximity to each other. Due to close proximity, it can significantly affect the scour depth of the bridge piers. The present paper discusses the effect of a group of piles on the scour depth of an isolated bridge pier. A typical 12 m long, 0.60 m wide, and 0.70 m deep tilting bed water flume was used for the experiments. The pier models that were utilized were 42 mm and 62 mm in size. The uniform-sized river sand utilized in the movable bed studies had an average mean size of d50 = 0.23 mm. From the experimental results, it can be observed that when two rows of groups of piles are placed in front of the isolated bridge pier the scour depth around the bridge pier is found to be minimum.
  • Support vector regression tree model for the embankment breaching analysis based on the Chamoli tragedy in Uttarakhand
    Sitender, Deepak Kumar Verma, Baldev Setia
    Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 2024
    This study used the analysis to provide considerable support of historical distortion in the Himalayan Chamoli tragedy of 2021. According to multi-objective data and survey results, a precursor event occurred in 2016, and a linear fracture grew at joint planes, suggesting that the 2021 rock ice avalanche will fail retrogressively. To analyze breaching, this study considers seven distinct criteria such as slope, water pressure, and faulty drainage, hydrostatic stress, agricultural operations, cloudbursts, and road building. Based on these characteristics, the support vector regression (SVR) model is utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the link between these parameters. The application of support vector regression analysis on the Chamoli instance confirmed our conclusion that embankment breaching causes glacier retreat and other consequences in increasing sensitivity to the characteristics of fractured rock masses in tectonically active mountain belts. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and geological monitoring systems can be used with the proposed SVR model to provide further information on the location and time of the impending catastrophic collapses in high hill regions.
  • SUITABILITY OF HYPERELASTIC MATERIAL MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
    Larhyss Journal, 2024
  • Mechanism of Scouring Around Group of Bridge Piers in Tandem Arrangement
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia, Anirban Banik
    Journal of the Institution of Engineers India Series A, 2023
  • Classification of groundwater using multivariate statistical methods: a case study from a part of Haryana, northwestern India
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2023
  • A comparative study of scour around various shaped bridge pier
    Anubhav Baranwal, Bhabani Shankar Das, Baldev Setia
    Engineering Research Express, 2023
    The study of scouring around bridge piers is very significant and plays a very important role in the safe and economical design of bridge piers. The term scouring is a process by which bed particles around the periphery of the pier get eroded and removed over a certain depth resulting in the formation of a scour hole around the bridge piers. This paper presents a detailed investigation of local scouring around six different shapes namely rectangular, circular, chamfered, joukowsky, oblong, and sharp-nosed of bridge pier models for selecting the best and most economical bridge pier shapes based on local scouring. For the experimental studies, local scour depth is measured around all six different shapes of bridge piers with varying discharges and velocities of 0.0169 m3 s−1 to 0.0355 m3 s−1 and 0.17 m s−1 to 0.30 m s−1 respectively. It is found that scour depth around the rectangular shape of bridge pier is larger due to development of strong intensity of horseshoe vortex caused by flat exposed frontal area and scour depth around the sharp nose shape of the pier is smaller because of flow is bifurcated due to smooth curvature caused less intensity of development of horseshoe vortex. In the comparison of obtained results, it is reported that scour depth around a pier is exactly proportional to velocity of approach flow and exposed frontal area of the bridge pier. The result of this study can be likely used to help in selecting the best shape of the bridge piers as sharp nose shape of bridge piers is better among the other six bridge pier shapes for design purposes.
  • Effect of Functional Parameters on Embankment Breaching
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Hazards and Infrastructure, 2022
  • Scour protection around bridge pier and two-piers-in-tandem arrangement
    Vikas Garg, Baldev Setia, Vijay Singh, Anil Kumar
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2022
  • Local scour around closely placed bridge piers
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
  • Vertical plates as scour countermeasure for bridge abutments
    Upain Kumar Bhatia, Baldev Setia
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
  • Groundwater quality in urban and rural areas of north-eastern Haryana (India): a review
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
  • Monitoring of pre- and post-monsoon groundwater quality of north-eastern Haryana region using GIS
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Environmental Technology United Kingdom, 2020
  • Groundwater quality and geochemical signatures in the northeastern Haryana, India
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020
  • Groundwater Quality Analysis of Northeastern Haryana using Multivariate Statistical Techniques
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2020
  • Prediction of Scour Depth in a Group of Piers in Staggered Arrangement Using Experimental and Regression Models
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    Journal of the Institution of Engineers India Series A, 2020
  • Interference between pier models and its effects on scour depth
    Rahul Malik, Baldev Setia
    SN Applied Sciences, 2020
  • A comparative study on the floods in India due to heavy rainfall
    Disaster Advances, 2020
  • Hydro-Chemistry for the Analysis of Sub-surface Water Quality in North-Eastern Haryana: A Fast-Urbanizing Region
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020
  • Interference effect of submerged pipeline on the scour depth of isolated bridge pier on a mobile bed
    International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2019
  • Ductile iron pipes: Driving factors and challenges in future
    International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2019
  • Data on appraisal of groundwater quality in north-eastern Haryana
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Data in Brief, 2019
  • Hydro-chemical analysis of pre-monsoon groundwater of north-eastern Haryana
    Sandeep Ravish, Baldev Setia, Surinder Deswal
    Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2019
  • Depth of scour for bridge piers in tandem arrangement
    Scour and Erosion Ix Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Scour and Erosion ICSE 2018, 2019
  • HYDRO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER FOR DOMESTIC AND IRRIGATION PURPOSE OF NORTH-EASTERN HARYANA USING WATER QUALITY INDEX
    SANDEEP RAVISH, BALDEV SETIA, SURINDER DESWAL
    Proceedings of the IAHR World Congress, 2019
  • River sarasvati: A study of possible revival
    Aman Chauhan, Baldev Setia, Arvind Kaushik
    Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 2019
  • Experimental study on breaching of embankments
    Scour and Erosion Ix Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Scour and Erosion ICSE 2018, 2019
  • Breach behaviour of earth embankments during overtopping
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Hazards and Infrastructure, 2019
  • Experimental study of breaching of an earthen dam using a fuse plug model
    International Journal of Engineering Transactions A Basics, 2017
  • Scour protection by collar plates: A parametric study
    River Flow 2016 Iowa City Usa July 11 14 2016, 2016
  • Scour protection by collar plates: A parametric study
    Baldev Setia, Shubhneet
    River Flow Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2016, 2016
  • Quantification of ions fluxes in groundwater of semi-urban and urban settings of Baddi Tehsil of Solan District, Himachal Pradesh, India
    International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 2016
  • Visualization guided experimental study on closely spaced bridge pier models
    R Malik, S Ravish, B Setia
    Scour and Erosion Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Scour and Erosion ICSE 2014, 2015
  • Mechanism of embankment dam breach
    Deepak Verma, Baldev Setia, V Arora
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2014, 2014
  • Vortex visualisation around bridge abutment models by hydrogen bubble technique
    Upain Kumar Bhatia, Baldev Setia
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012
  • Combination of scour protection devices around oblong bridge pier
    Vikas Garg, Baldev Setia, D. V. S. Verma
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008
  • Modelling of local scour around rectangular submerged vane
    B. Setia
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005
  • Reduction of scour around a bridge pier by multiple collar plates
    Vikas Garg, Baldev Setia, D. V. S. Verma
    Ish Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2005
  • Constriction scour in pressurized flow condition
    International Journal of Engineering Transactions B Applications, 2004