Carlos Garcia-Mateo

@cenim.csic.es

Senior Researcher. Physical Metallurgy Department
National Center for Metallurgical Research



                    

https://researchid.co/cgarciamateo

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Materials Science, Metals and Alloys, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

186

Scopus Publications

10722

Scholar Citations

54

Scholar h-index

137

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Mechanical behaviour and microstructural characteristics of high-silicon ultra-strong bainitic steels for hot rolling practice
    Radhakanta Rana, Erick Cordova-Tapia, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Jose A. Jimenez, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Elsevier BV

  • Study of bainite and martensite tempering in a medium C high Si steel. microstructural disparities and equilibrium convergence
    Mattia Franceschi, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Erick Cordova-Tapia, Jose A. Jimenez, Manuele Dabalà, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Elsevier BV

  • Fatigue Properties at Elevated Temperatures of Secondary Tempered Nanostructured Bainite: A Study of Deformation Mechanisms
    Matthias Kuntz, Garry Wicks, Thomas Sourmail, and Carlos Garcia‐Mateo
    Wiley
    Nanostructured bainitic steel obtained through austempering or bainitic transformation of high Si steels consists of bainitic ferrite and carbon‐enriched retained austenite. Secondary tempering of those microstructures tailors their mechanical properties through its unique nanostructure and austenite stability. Herein, fatigue and tensile properties of a nanobainitic steel in different secondary tempering conditions are presented and the results are discussed based on the deformation mechanisms taking place due to the microstructure evolution during secondary tempering. Influence of secondary tempering and elevated testing temperature on tensile and fatigue properties at room temperature and 250 °C is presented. Based on the present deformation, mechanism results are discussed supported by microstructure evolution results obtained through dilatometry, X‐ray diffraction, and microscopy. Depending on secondary tempering temperature, main influencing mechanisms are martensite formation after secondary tempering during cooling, transformation‐induced plasticity effect, and precipitation hardening obtained by secondary tempering.

  • Effect of prior martensite on bainitic transformation of high Si hypereutectoid steel
    Carlos Garcia-Mateo, Thomas Sourmail, Amandine Philippot, Lucia Morales-Rivas, and Jose A. Jimenez
    Elsevier BV

  • Effect of Intercritical Austenitization and Starting Matrix on Martensite Start Temperature and Austenite Carbon Concentration in Ductile Iron
    Harold D. Machado, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, and Ricardo Aristizábal-Sierra
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractIn this work, the effect of the intercritical austenitization temperature and time, Ni + Cu concentration and starting matrix (fully ferritic or fully pearlitic) on the volume fraction of austenite (fγ), martensite start temperature (Ms) and carbon concentration of the parent austenite (C0) in ductile iron was investigated using standard metallographic techniques and high-resolution dilatometry. The results showed that a fully pearlitic starting matrix gives higher fγ and C0 and lower Ms than a fully ferritic starting matrix at the same austenitization temperature under continuous heating. On the other hand, the austenitization time has an effect on the parameters under study only during the first minutes of intercritical austenitization. Finally, at the same intercritical austenitization temperature, the addition of Ni + Cu increases the volume fraction of austenite.

  • Tuning Bainitic Microstructures by Complex Thermo-mechanical Treatments under Constant Stress
    Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Vicente Perez-Aroca, Pedro Carrero-Santos, Francisca G. Caballero, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

  • Design of carbide free bainitic steels for hot rolling practices
    Radhakanta Rana, Erick Cordova-Tapia, Jose A. Jimenez, Lucia Morales-Rivas, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Informa UK Limited

  • Time-Dependent Evolution of Volume Fraction and Stability of Retained Austenite in a Hot-Rolled and Intercritically Annealed Al-Alloyed Medium-Mn Steel
    Adam Skowronek, Adam Grajcar, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, José A. Jiménez, and Roumen H. Petrov
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractThe development of superior mechanical properties in medium-Mn requires the optimization of microstructural parameters such as retained austenite (RA) stability, volume fraction, and morphology. The present work explores the possibility of using a continuous annealing approach instead of conventional batch annealing to perform an intercritical annealing (IA) treatment in a hot-rolled strip of an Al-alloyed 5Mn steel. Dilatometric studies were performed at a temperature of 680 ºC with soaking times ranging from 1 to 300 min to follow the microstructural changes as a function of time. The microstructures thus obtained were thoroughly characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM, TEM-EDS microanalysis and EBSD phase and orientation maps. It was observed that with increasing soaking times, the volume fraction of retained austenite gradually increases, albeit at the cost of its stability. The comparison of martensite start temperatures (Ms) based on the chemical composition of austenite at 680 ºC with that experimentally obtained at higher process temperature revealed the effect of the grain size on the reduction of RA stability for longer process times. Accordingly, mechanical tests results showed that the yield stress, tensile strength and hardness decrease with an increase in the IA soaking time.

  • Effect of prior martensite formation on the bainite transformation kinetics in high-strength 3% Mn multiphase steel
    M. Morawiec, A. Skowronek, A. Kozłowska, C. Garcia-Mateo, and A. Grajcar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractThe work presents results on the effect of prior martensite formation on bainite transformation kinetics in a 3% medium-Mn multiphase steel. The material was subjected to two isothermal holding temperatures: 400 °C (without martensite) and 350 °C (with prior martensite). According to obtained dilatometric results, the formation of prior martensite leads to the acceleration of bainite transformation kinetics. The bainite formation starts and finishes much faster, when the prior martensite was present before the isothermal holding. The microstructural investigation of the steel after heat treatment was carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures were composed of fine bainitic laths with retained austenite and small amount of martensitic-austenitic islands at 400 °C. At 350 °C the presence of large tempered martensite laths was detected. The bainite is composed of a mixture of fine and coarse laths. The increase of the bainitic lath thickness is attributed to the coalescence process occurring at the lower holding temperature. The differences in the steel hardness after the two heat treatments were relatively small (~ 13 HV10).

  • Effect of Mn on the chemical driving force and bainite transformation kinetics in medium-manganese alloys
    M. Morawiec, J. Opara, C. Garcia-Mateo, J. A. Jimenez, and A. Grajcar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractThis work presents insights into the manganese influence on the driving force and bainite transformation kinetics. Three different medium-Mn steels were subjected to theoretical calculations and dilatometric study in order to determine the Mn impact on bainite formation. The theoretical approach shows that the increase of manganese leads to a lower bainite fraction formed during the isothermal stage. This implicates the carbon enrichment of the austenite during thermal treatment. The less bainite is formed, the higher is the fraction of residual austenite which enrichment of carbon is globally low. Meanwhile, the manganese influences the incubation and transformation time. As the manganese content increases, the incubation period and formation time of bainite are longer because the chemical driving force essential to start and complete austenite into bainite transformation decreases. This was proved by theoretical calculations and dilatometric analysis, which show that even a small increase in manganese content leads to a longer time necessary to occur the bainitic transformation. For the steel containing 5% manganese, the driving force was too small that the transformation could occur even after 3 h. Additionally, the XRD analysis was conducted to determine the retained austenite fraction and its carbon enrichment. These results were compared with the theoretical values to determine the accuracy of the applied model.

  • Design and Properties of Hot Rolled Tough Carbide Free Bainitic Steels
    Radhakanta Rana, Erick Cordova-Tapia, Lucía Morales Rivas, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
    Carbide free bainitic microstructures of steels in hot rolled condition have high potential for automotive and structural applications, where both high elongation and toughness at a high strength level are needed. However, achieving a combination of these properties remains a challenge due to difficulties in ensuring a high stability of retained austenite while maintaining industrial processability. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this work to achieve combined high toughness and high elongation in hot rolled carbide free bainitic steels.

  • Study of the isothermal bainitic transformation and austenite stability in an advanced Al-rich medium-Mn steel
    M. Morawiec, V. Ruiz-Jimenez, C. Garcia-Mateo, J. A. Jimenez, and A. Grajcar
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractIsothermal bainitic transformation of a lean medium-Mn steel containing (in mass%) 0.18C–3.6Mn–1.7Al–0.23Si–0.2Mo–0.04–Nb after full austenitization at 1100 ºC was studied by means of high resolution dilatometry. The effects of isothermal holding temperatures ranging from 450 to 350 °C on the bainitic transformation kinetics was studied experimentally characterizing the microstructure present after a holding time ranging from 15 min to 2 h. The obtained results showed that the bainitic transformation is uncompleted at temperatures above 425 °C. The carbon enrichment of the austenite during isothermal treatment at 450 °C and 425 °C is not enough to avoid martensitic transformation of the austenite during cooling to room temperature. Thus, it is obtained a mixed structure including bainitic ferrite and martensite. Decreasing the austempering temperature resulted in a more pronounced bainite formation. The kinetics of the transformation during austempering at 350ºC is quite similar to that observed at 400 °C, so that 60 min are needed in both cases to complete the reaction. However, local variations in chemical composition associated to segregation of Mn and Al during casting solidification results in differences in the transformation rate of bainitic reaction between different areas in the material. A balance difference between the dendritic and interdendritic areas is responsible for the differences observed among test samples in the kinetics of the isothermal bainitic transformation and the final microstructure.

  • Bainite plate thickness reduction and microstructure tailoring by double austempering of Al-rich 3Mn steel
    Adam Skowronek, Erick Cordova-Tapia, Pilar Tobajas-Balsera, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, José A. Jiménez, Roumen Petrov, and Adam Grajcar
    Elsevier BV

  • Effect of the ausforming deformation mode on bainitic transformation in a medium carbon high silicon steel
    Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Muftah Zorgani, Davood Shahriari, Radu Romanica, Jose Antonio Jimenez, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, and Mohammad Jahazi
    Elsevier BV

  • The Challenges of Ausforming Medium C Bainitic Steels


  • Modelling the formation of austenite in the intercritical interval in ductile iron
    Harold D. Machado, Isaac Toda-Caraballo, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, and Ricardo Aristizábal-Sierra
    Elsevier BV


  • Super-Bainite
    Francisca G. Caballero and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Elsevier

  • Effect of Ausforming on the Macro- and Micro-texture of Bainitic Microstructures
    Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Jose Antonio Jimenez, Francisca G. Caballero, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Abstract The reason why variant selection phenomena occur in ausforming treatments is still not known. For that reason, in this work, the effect of compressive deformation on the macro and micro-texture of a bainitic microstructure was analyzed in a medium-carbon high-silicon steel subjected to ausforming treatments, where deformation was applied at 520 °C, 400 °C and 300 °C. The as-received material presented a very weak $$\\left\\langle {3\\, 3\\, 1} \\right\\rangle$$ 3 3 1 fiber texture along the rod axis, due to prior thermomechanical processing. For the samples isothermally heat-treated, it was detected that the bainitic ferrite inherited a $$\\left\\langle {1\\, 0\\, 0} \\right\\rangle$$ 1 0 0 fiber texture from the $$\\left\\langle {1\\, 1\\, 0} \\right\\rangle$$ 1 1 0 fiber texture present in the prior austenite. The intensity of this transformation texture was more pronounced as the deformation temperature decreased. Also, variant selection was examined at different scales by combining Electron-Backscattered Diffraction and X-ray Diffraction. The quantification of the fraction of crystallographic variants under certain conventions for every condition revealed variant selection in samples subjected to ausforming treatments, where these phenomena were stronger as the deformation temperature was lower. Finally, some of the theories proposed so far to explain these variant selection phenomena were tested, showing that variants were not selected based on their Bain group and that their selection can be better described in terms of their belonging to packets, if these are defined according to a global reference frame. This suggests that the phenomena might have to do with the effect of deformation mechanisms on the prior austenite.

  • Bainitic ferrite plate thickness evolution in two nanostructured steels
    Victor Ruiz-Jimenez, Jose A. Jimenez, Francisca G. Caballero, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    MDPI AG
    Bainitic ferrite plate thickness evolution during isothermal transformation was followed at the same holding temperatures in two nanostructured steels containing (in wt.%) 1C-2Si and 0.4C-3Si. A dynamic picture of how the bainitic transformation evolves was obtained from the characterization of the microstructure present at room temperature after full and partial transformation at 300 and 350 °C. The continuous change during transformation of relevant parameters influencing the final scale of the microstructure, YS of austenite, driving force of the transformation and evolution of the transformation rate has been tracked, and these variations have been correlated to the evolution of the bainitic ferrite plate. Instead of the expected refinement of the plate predicted by existing theory and models, this study revealed a thickening of the bainitic ferrite plate thickness as the transformation progresses, which is partially explained by changes in the transformation rate through the whole decomposition of austenite into bainitic ferrite.

  • The role of plastic strains on variant selection in ausformed bainitic microstructures studied by finite elements and crystal plasticity simulations
    Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Javier Hidalgo, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Francisca G. Caballero, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Elsevier BV

  • Microstructural and Rotating-Bending Fatigue Behavior Relationship in Nanostructured Carbo-Austempered Cast Steels
    Oscar Ríos-Diez, Ricardo Aristizábal-Sierra, Claudia Serna-Giraldo, Adriana Eres-Castellanos, and Carlos García-Mateo
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC


  • Explaining the dilatometric behavior during bainite transformation under the effect of variant selection
    Adriana Eres-Castellanos, Lucia Morales-Rivas, Francisca G. Caballero, and Carlos Garcia-Mateo
    Elsevier BV

  • Low-carbon cast microalloyed steel intercritically heat-treated at different temperatures: microstructure and mechanical properties
    Hadi Torkamani, Shahram Raygan, Carlos Garcia Mateo, Yahya Palizdar, Jafar Rassizadehghani, Javier Vivas, and David San-Martin
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    AbstractIn this study, dual-phase (DP, ferrite + martensite) microstructures were obtained by performing intercritical heat treatments (IHT) at 750 and 800 °C followed by quenching. Decreasing the IHT temperature from 800 to 750 °C leads to: (i) a decrease in the volume fraction of austenite (martensite after quenching) from 0.68 to 0.36; (ii) ~ 100 °C decrease in martensite start temperature (Ms), mainly due to the higher carbon content of austenite and its smaller grains at 750 °C; (iii) a reduction in the block size of martensite from 1.9 to 1.2 μm as measured by EBSD. Having a higher carbon content and a finer block size, the localized microhardness of martensite islands increases from 380 HV (800 °C) to 504 HV (750 °C). Moreover, despite the different volume fractions of martensite obtained in DP microstructures, the hardness of the steels remained unchanged by changing the IHT temperature (~ 234 to 238 HV). Applying lower IHT temperature (lower fraction of martensite), the impact energy even decreased from 12 to 9 J due to the brittleness of the martensite phase. The results of the tensile tests indicate that by increasing the IHT temperature, the yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the DP steel increase from 493 to 770 MPa, and from 908 to 1080 MPa, respectively, while the total elongation decreases from 9.8 to 4.5%. In contrast to the normalized sample, formation of martensite in the DP steels could eliminate the yield point phenomenon in the tensile curves, as it generates free dislocations in adjacent ferrite.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Design of carbide free bainitic steels for hot rolling practices
    R Rana, E Cordova-Tapia, JA Jimenez, L Morales-Rivas, C Garcia-Mateo
    Philosophical Magazine Letters 104 (1), 2322552 2024

  • Effect of Intercritical Austenitization and Starting Matrix on Martensite Start Temperature and Austenite Carbon Concentration in Ductile Iron
    HD Machado, C Garcia-Mateo, R Aristizbal-Sierra
    International Journal of Metalcasting, 1-11 2024

  • Development of new Si-rich bainitic steels for hot rolling practises.
    C Garca Mateo
     2024

  • Understanding Bainite Scale: A Comprehensive Review
    C Garca Mateo
     2024

  • Unveiling Bainite: Characterization Techniques and Insights
    C Garca Mateo
     2024

  • Steel in Focus: Metal Structure Fundamentals, Socio-Economic Impact, and Phase Transformations-Spotlight on Bainitic Transformation
    C Garca Mateo
     2024

  • Study of bainite and martensite tempering in a medium C high Si steel. microstructural disparities and equilibrium convergence
    M Franceschi, L Morales-Rivas, E Cordova-Tapia, JA Jimenez, M Dabal, ...
    Journal of Materials Research and Technology 32, 2931-2944 2024

  • Fatigue properties at elevated temperatures of secondary tempered nanostructured bainite: a study of deformation mechanisms
    M Kuntz, G Wicks, T Sourmail, C Garcia‐Mateo
    steel research international 95 (6), 2400105 2024

  • Effect of prior martensite on bainitic transformation of high Si hypereutectoid steel
    C Garcia-Mateo, T Sourmail, A Philippot, L Morales-Rivas, JA Jimenez
    Journal of Materials Research and Technology 30, 6995-7005 2024

  • Exploring the Influence of Pre-Quenched Martensite on Bainitic Transformation Kinetics and Microstructure in High Silicon Steel
    C Garca Mateo, T Sourmail, A Philippot, L Morales-Rivas, JA Jimnez
     2024

  • On the microstructural evolution and phase transformation in two medium carbon high-silicon carbide-free bainitic steels
    M Franceschi, L Morales-Rivas, M Dabal, C Garca Mateo
     2024

  • Tuning Bainitic Microstructures by Complex Thermo-mechanical Treatments under Constant Stress
    A Eres-Castellanos, V Perez-Aroca, P Carrero-Santos, FG Caballero, ...
    ISIJ International 64 (2), 316-325 2024

  • Kinetics and microstructural investigation of the impact of prior martensite on bainitic transformation in a high silicon steel
    T Sourmail, A Philippot, S Collin, S Masteri Farahani, L Morales-Rivas, ...
     2023

  • Design and properties of hot rolled tough carbide free bainitic steels
    R Rana, E Cordova-Tapia, L Morales Rivas, C Garcia-Mateo
    Materials Science Forum 1105, 219-224 2023

  • Project Reviewer Panel Member
    C Garca Mateo
     2023

  • Conference Organiser: International Workshop on High Strength Steels
    C Garca Mateo
     2023

  • Symposium Organiser (B. Structural Materials-B1: Advanced Steels)
    C Garca Mateo, M Kuntz, G Miyamoto
     2023

  • Fatigue properties at elevated temperatures of secondary tempered nanostructured bainite: A study ofdeformation mechanisms
    C Garca Mateo, S Lille, T Sourmail, G Wicks, M Kuntz
     2023

  • Effect of prior austenite grain size on the morphology and kinetics of bainitic transformation in a mediumcarbon high silicon bainitic steel
    M Franceschi, M Dabal, C Garca Mateo, L Morales-Rivas
     2023

  • Bainitic decomposition of retained austenite in hypereutectoid steels: influence of austenitising conditions and prior martensite fraction
    M Farahani, S Collin, C Garca Mateo, A Philippot, T Sourmail
     2023

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Acceleration of low-temperature bainite
    C Garcia-Mateo, C FG, B HKDH
    ISIJ international 43 (11), 1821-1825 2003
    Citations: 633

  • Development of hard bainite
    C Garcia-Mateo, C FG, B HKDH
    ISIJ international 43 (8), 1238-1243 2003
    Citations: 512

  • Atomic scale observations of bainite transformation in a high carbon high silicon steel
    FG Caballero, MK Miller, SS Babu, C Garcia-Mateo
    Acta materialia 55 (1), 381-390 2007
    Citations: 476

  • Ultra-high-strength bainitic steels
    C GARCIA-MATEO, FG Caballero
    ISIJ international 45 (11), 1736-1740 2005
    Citations: 376

  • The role of retained austenite on tensile properties of steels with bainitic microstructures
    C Garca-Mateo, FG Caballero
    Materials Transactions 46 (8), 1839-1846 2005
    Citations: 305

  • Theoretical design and advanced microstructure in super high strength steels
    FG Caballero, MJ Santofimia, C Garca-Mateo, J Chao, CG De Andres
    Materials & design 30 (6), 2077-2083 2009
    Citations: 263

  • Tempering of hard mixture of bainitic ferrite and austenite
    C Garcia-Mateo, M Peet, FG Caballero, H Bhadeshia
    Materials Science and Technology 20 (7), 814-818 2004
    Citations: 243

  • Tensile behaviour of a nanocrystalline bainitic steel containing 3 wt% silicon
    C Garcia-Mateo, FG Caballero, T Sourmail, M Kuntz, J Cornide, V Smanio, ...
    Materials Science and Engineering: A 549, 185-192 2012
    Citations: 241

  • Carbon supersaturation of ferrite in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel
    FG Caballero, MK Miller, C Garcia-Mateo
    Acta Materialia 58 (7), 2338-2343 2010
    Citations: 229

  • Mechanical properties of low-temperature bainite
    C Garca-Mateo, FG Caballero, HKDH Bhadeshia
    Materials Science Forum 500, 495-502 2005
    Citations: 219

  • New experimental evidence on the incomplete transformation phenomenon in steel
    FG Caballero, C Garcia-Mateo, MJ Santofimia, MK Miller, CG De Andres
    Acta Materialia 57 (1), 8-17 2009
    Citations: 201

  • Wear of nano-structured carbide-free bainitic steels under dry rolling–sliding conditions
    A Leiro, E Vuorinen, KG Sundin, B Prakash, T Sourmail, V Smanio, ...
    Wear 298, 42-47 2013
    Citations: 199

  • Influence of bainite morphology on impact toughness of continuously cooled cementite free bainitic steels
    FG Caballero, H Roelofs, S Hasler, C Capdevila, J Chao, J Cornide, ...
    Materials Science and Technology 28 (1), 95-102 2012
    Citations: 190

  • Stability of retained austenite in TRIP-assisted steels
    MY Sherif, CG Mateo, T Sourmail, HKDH Bhadeshia
    Materials Science and Technology 20 (3), 319-322 2004
    Citations: 179

  • Redistribution of alloying elements during tempering of a nanocrystalline steel
    FG Caballero, MK Miller, C Garcia-Mateo, C Capdevila, SS Babu
    Acta materialia 56 (2), 188-199 2008
    Citations: 166

  • Low temperature bainite
    C Garca-Mateo, FG Caballero, H Bhadeshia
    Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 112, 285-288 2003
    Citations: 161

  • Evaluation of potential of high Si high C steel nanostructured bainite for wear and fatigue applications
    T Sourmail, FG Caballero, C Garca-Mateo, V Smanio, C Ziegler, M Kuntz, ...
    Materials Science and Technology 29 (10), 1166-1173 2013
    Citations: 153

  • Toughness deterioration in advanced high strength bainitic steels
    FG Caballero, J Chao, J Cornide, C Garca-Mateo, MJ Santofimia, ...
    Materials Science and Engineering: A 525 (1-2), 87-95 2009
    Citations: 145

  • Design of cold rolled and continuous annealed carbide-free bainitic steels for automotive application
    FG Caballero, S Allain, J Cornide, JDP Velsquez, C Garcia-Mateo, ...
    Materials & Design 49, 667-680 2013
    Citations: 139

  • Low temperature bainitic ferrite: Evidence of carbon super-saturation and tetragonality
    C Garcia-Mateo, JA Jimnez, HW Yen, MK Miller, L Morales-Rivas, ...
    Acta Materialia 91, 162-173 2015
    Citations: 137