Cristiano Marcio Alves de Souza
@ufgd.edu.br
College of Agricultural Engineering
Federal University of Grande Dourados
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Agronomy and Crop Science
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Andrés Hideki Tanaka Suárez, Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Egas Jose Armando, and Paulo Alexandre Graciano Maciak
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Fernando Burin, Cristiano Marcio Alves de Souza, Ivan Ramires, and Paulo Vinicius Da Silva
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo
This work evaluated physical-chemical properties of spraying syrup formulated with different water types and using or not tank-mixing pesticides. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (4 water types and 4 pesticide syrups + control, non-sprayed plant) in three sampling times (off-season corn, pre-planting soybean weed control, and soybean season) within one year. Water treatments consisted of deionized, well, river and weir water. Product mixing consisted of herbicide (Glyphosate 925 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + insecticide (Imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin 100+12.5 g a.i. ha-1), herbicide + fungicide (Trifloxystrobin + Prothioconazole 70+60 g a.i. ha-1) and herbicide + insecticide + fungicide. Weir water presented the worst physical quality. Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide in various combinations decreased the effectiveness of the pesticide. When associating the three pesticides, less dissolution of the spray syrup and greater risk of syrup incompatibility leads to pesticide ineffectiveness. Highlights: The water type used in tank-mixing multiple pesticides affects spraying syrup quality. Water with the worst physical quality decreases pesticide performance. Less dissolution and greater risk of fungicide ineffectiveness take place when three pesticides are associated. Spraying syrup prepared with tank-mixing pesticides increased in the successive cultivation of soybean/corn.
Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Marcondes de S. Padilha, Sálvio N. S. Arcoverde, and Leidy Z. L. Rafull
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Bean is among the most consumed and produced crops in Brazil. Given the high demand for food, the search for technologies and controllers to increase the efficiency of agricultural systems has grown. This study aimed to model artificial neural network (ANN) architectures to predict mechanical efficiencies in the semi-mechanized bean harvest. We used a multilayer perceptron network with three inputs (harvest moisture, threshing rotor rotation, and feed rate), two hidden layers of neurons, and one output (efficiency). We evaluated the efficiency in the header, separation on the threshing rotor, cleaning of sieves, and the total efficiency of the machine. ANN was processed by a scripted algorithm to model the network, alternate the number of neurons in hidden layers, as well as to select, test, and validate ANN with less error. ANN was validated by comparing its results with the experimental data. The architectures selected to predict efficiencies were 3-8-15-1 for the header, 3-9-7-1 for the thresher and separation, 3-5-11-1 for cleaning, and 3-15-10-1 for the total operation. ANN predicted satisfactory results with errors below 1% and a high hit rate, thus being valid to predict the efficiencies in the semi-mechanized bean harvest.
Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza
GN1 Sistemas e Publicacoes Ltd.
- The search to optimise agricultural systems by adapting mechanised sets for sowing maize, is essential for improving operational performance, energy efficiency and initial crop establishment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and sowing quality of a planter-fertiliser for maize, in a dystroferric Red Latosol managed under reduced tillage, as a function of the type of furrower, depth of seed deposition and operating speed of the planter. The experimental design was completely randomised, in a split-plot scheme with three replications, where the plots represented the type of furrowing mechanism (shank or double-disk) and the subplots represented three displacement speeds (3.20, 5.15 and 7.32 km h -1 ) and two sowing depths (35 and 40 mm). The best sowing quality for second-crop maize, the lowest power requirement at the tractor drawbar, the lowest specific and hourly fuel and consumption time, and the lowest travel reduction ratio are achieved when the tractor-planter-fertiliser set is configured to use a double-disk at a sowing depth of 35 mm. The adoption of higher displacement speeds results in increased operational and effective field capacity, as well as a lower energy demand when the tractor-planter-fertiliser set develops speeds close to or greater than 7.32 km h -1 , irrespective of furrower type or soil depth
Antonio L. Viegas Neto, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Izidro dos S. de Lima Júnior, Lígia M. M. da S. Piletti, Karina de J. E. Martins, and Bruno F. Bertoncello
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
ABSTRACT The control of Asian soybean rust depends on fungicide efficacy and the application technology; however, the leaf architecture of soybean cultivars may also interfere in disease control. This study aimed to evaluate Asian rust control and fungicide deposition using spray nozzles in three soybean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a split-plot scheme; the plots were three soybean cultivars (SYN 1561 IPRO, M6410 IPRO, and M6210 IPRO) and the subplots three spray nozzles (11002 BD, AIXR 110015 and TTJ60 11002), in addition to a control with no fungicide application, and four replicates. The volume median diameter, droplet coverage, leaf area index, area under the disease progress curve, 1,000-grain weight and crop yield were evaluated. The 11002BD and AIXR11005 nozzles provided better spray deposition in cultivars with lower leaf area indexes at the R1 phenological stage. Nozzles 11002BD, AIXR110015 and TTJ60 ensured better management of Asian rust than that of the control treatment, regardless of leaf area index. Cultivar SYN1561 obtained the largest grain yield and highest leaf area index in the season with the highest rainfall, regardless of the spray nozzle used.
Juliano Lovatto, Rodrigo C. Santos, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Rafael Zucca, Felipo Lovatto, and Luciano O. Geisenhoff
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
ABSTRACT Brazilian agriculture production requires new types of rural buildings that are more sustainable, economical, and well adapted to their environment. Furthermore, these buildings are no longer simple living quarters, but a way of valuing rural workers. Thus, this study aimed to create a linear programming model for optimizing decision-making when different techniques and construction materials are combined to build rural housing dwellings, thereby enabling an assessment of both the cost and comfort of such buildings. The research considered localizing network facilities via analogies in order to adapt a budget matrix. Three main criteria were applied: cost, runtime, and the environmental comfort provided. The model comprised six construction systems, three types of sealing masonry, two types of roofing, and four types of tiles. Simulations were performed for two Brazilian states, considering the same reference date of validation and comparison. Each input variable resulted in a different construction model. It was demonstrated that the new industrialized construction technologies are advantageous since they provide faster execution, competitive prices, and sustainable raw materials, whilst the application of the criteria to the traditional system of reinforced concrete is also feasible. The linear programming model offers its users an additional decision-making tool for construction systems, enabling time and resource optimization.
Sálvio N. S. Arcoverde, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Leidy Z. L. Rafull, Jorge W. Cortez, and Roberto C. Orlando
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Machinery traffic intensification has been recurrent in intensive agriculture in annual crops, which may lead to structural soil degradation and, consequently, a reduction of its productive capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the influence of tractor traffic intensification on soil physical attributes and soybean yield components. The study was performed in an Oxisol under no-tillage for 10 years, using a randomized block design with five tractor traffic intensities (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 passes) and five replications. Density, porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, and penetration resistance were assessed in the soil and stem diameter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, grain weight per plant, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were assessed in the soybean crop. Tractor traffic intensification changed soil physical attributes, which were not limiting factors to soybean yield under the no-tillage system, providing higher stem diameter, number of pods per plant, grain weight per plant, and grain yield after 12 passes.
Sálvio N. S. Arcoverde, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Jorge W. Cortez, Paulo A. G. Maciak, and Andrés H. T. Suárez
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Machine traffic and conventional tillage can cause structural degradation of the soil, affecting the physical attributes and, consequently, the production and longevity of the sugarcane field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production components of sugarcane cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) and physical attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol under no-tillage and reduced-tillage systems. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized experimental design in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The soil attributes evaluated were density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and penetration resistance. The production components evaluated were stalk length and diameter, number of tillers (NT), stalk yield (TCH), sucrose content (Pol), sucrose yield (TPH), soluble solids content (Brix), total recoverable sugars (TRS) and plant fiber. Cultivars RB965902, RB966928, RB855156 and RB985476 have productivity and technological attributes that are superior to the other cultivars, whereas these are lower for RB036066 in both soil tillage systems. In the no-tillage system, which exhibits lower values of penetration resistance in between wheel tracks and in the planting row in the subsurface layer (0.20-0.40 m), cultivars RB966928, RB855156, RB975242 and RB855536 have higher TCH and TPH, whereas cultivars RB985476 and RB975242 have higher NT, and RB855156 has higher stalk lengths and NT.
Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Andres Hideki Tanaka Suarez, Bruno Agostini Colman, and Hideo de Jesus Nagahama
Revista de Agricultura Neotropical
Objetivou-se avaliar os atributos físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico cultivado com cana-planta em função do preparo e época de amostragem. O trabalho foi conduzido na FAECA-UFGD, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, onde a área experimental foi dividida em duas subáreas, compostas pelo sistema plantio direto (SPD) e preparo reduzido (PR). Em cada tipo de preparo foram cultivadas oito cultivares de cana-de-açúcar em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Nas unidades experimentais, amostras com estrutura preservada foram coletadas após o preparo do solo (45 DAP) e após os tratos culturais (180 DAP), para determinação da densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade e resistência mecânica do solo à penetração nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. O SPD apresentou maior densidade e resistência do solo à penetração na camada de 0,00-0,10 m, enquanto os demais atributos físicos não foram influenciados pelo preparo do solo. Houve aumento da densidade do solo, porosidade total, microporosidade e resistência do solo à penetração e diminuição da macroporosidade nas camadas de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m após o tráfego de máquinas para tratos culturais.
Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Hideo de Jesus Nagahama, Munir Mauad, Egas Jose Armando, and Jorge Wilson Cortez
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
This study aims to evaluate the growth and yield of the sugarcane plant cultivars, and their correlation to soil mechanical penetration resistance in a Dystroferric Red Oxisol submitted to reduced tillage and, no-tillage systems. Eight sugarcane plant cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) were in each soil preparation system, and the trial was conducted in a completely randomized design and eight treatments and four replications. The trial evaluated: number of tillers per meter, stalks height and diameter, and stalks yield and sugar content. Additionally, were evaluated the soil mechanical penetration resistance (PR) and soil moisture. The highest rates of daily elongation, yield of stalks and sugar content were observed under no - tillage, due to the lower soil mechanical penetration resistance and higher soil moisture. The cultivar RB966928 presented higher values for growth, yield of stalks and sugar content, while RB855536 and the medium to late maturity cultivars RB975201, RB975242, RB036066, which had either a lower stalk growth rate or presented lower number at the end of the cycle in both soil tillage.
Izidro dos S. de Lima Junior, Paulo E. Degrande, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, and Antonio L. Viegas Neto
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Application technology factors may be influenced by changes in plant architecture, such as height and leaf area. This study aimed to evaluate which angle of sprayer displacement in the application of pesticides in relation to the direction of cotton sowing, cultivated in the ultra-narrow row, narrow row, and conventional systems, provides the best application quality characteristics in the different thirds of plants. The experiment was installed in a split-plot design with four replications in the 3 × 4 factorial scheme, composed of three cotton cultivation systems and four angles of sprayer displacement in relation to the direction of the sowing rows. The evaluated characteristics were mean volumetric diameter, density and coverage of droplets, number of droplets, and open area in the interrows without leaf. The upper third presented the highest values of mean volumetric diameter, number of droplets, and density and coverage of droplets for all interrow spacing and application angles. The angle of displacement of 30° in relation to the sowing row presented the best results in relation to the number and density of droplets. The spacing of 0.90 m in the interrows increased the number of droplets, droplet density, and coverage in the lower third of plants.
Eduardo Leonel Bottega, , Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães Valente, , , , and
Southern Cross Publishing
The knowledge of the correlation between the spatial variability of soil attributes and crop yield is necessary for defining precision agriculture practices. The objective of the present study was to characterize soybean yield by mapping the spatial variability of the soil texture and apparent electrical conductivity for the delineation of management zones. The study was conducted in a field located in the Brazilian Savannah. The soybean yield, soil texture, and apparent electrical conductivity of an Oxisol were analyzed and mapped. The management zones were generated using the data from the spatial dependence of the mapped variables. The soil map that correlated best with the yield map was determined. The management zones were defined using the apparent soil electrical conductivity with the highest Kappa coefficient (0.30) for the soybean yield. The results demonstrate the potential utility of apparent soil electrical conductivity map for agriculture precision.
Eduardo Leonel Bottega, , Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães Valente, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, , , , and
Southern Cross Publishing
The Brazilian Savannah is an important production center of grains despite the presence of low fertility soils. In this agricultural scenario, the delineation of management zones for the application of lime and fertilizer seems to be promising for a high potential for success and may result in the reduction in production cost with an increase in the yield. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial and temporal variations in soybean yield in the Brazilian Savannah involving the delineation of management zones based on the apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). In an agricultural field in the Brazilian Savannah, 160 sampling points were taken as the references for the mapping of soybean yield in the crop seasons of 2011/2012, 2012/2013, and 2013/2014. In 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, the soil fertility was managed according to the classes set on the basis of measurement of ECa in 2012. The fertilizers were prescribed on the basis of soil sampling in each class. The class management resulted in an increase in the yield of each area. Over the three years of study, 1.2% of the area reported an unstable yield (with a coefficient of variation greater than 30). This low inconsistency may be attributed to the prediction error (the difference between predicted yield values and actual values) in nonsampled sites. The regulation of soil fertility using the management zones based on the apparent soil electrical conductivity is likely to reduce the spatial variability of the yield in the study area.
Eduardo Leonel Bottega, , Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães Valente, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, , , , and
Southern Cross Publishing
Precision farming techniques have potential applications in the Brazilian Savannah owing to the spatial variability in crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal stability of management zones based on the measurement of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). The study was performed in a field located in the Brazilian Savannah. During the 2011/2012 crop season, ECa was measured at 160 sampling points in a 47-ha area. ECa values were then grouped into classes using the fuzzy kmeans algorithm and fertilizers were applied to the soybean crop (BMX Potencia RR) in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons according to soil analysis for each class. ECa was also measured in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons and the values were grouped into classes, and the maps of apparent soil electrical conductivity classes were compared using kappa coefficients. Apparent soil electrical conductivity was significant and positively correlated with each pair of crop seasons for all three seasons analyzed. The cluster analysis indicated the presence of two management zones in 2012. These management zones were adopted for fertility management in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop seasons. A comparison of the 2012 and 2013 management zone maps, based on the kappa coefficient, showed that they remained stable. The use of kappa coefficients was found to be a promising tool in the analysis of the temporal stability of management classes.
JORGE W. CORTEZ, RODRIGO G. CHAVES, ROBERTO C. ORLANDO, CRISTIANO M. A. DE SOUZA, and PAULO H. N. DE SOUZA
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
With the short period of the sowing process, we observed an increase in the seeder speed set in several soil management systems that may result in decreased soybean yield and problems with penetration resistance. We aimed to assess the penetration resistance (PR) and agronomic characteristics of soybean on soil tillage and sowing speed. The randomized block design in split plot with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of six management systems, applied to the plots: no tillage (NT), no tillage and chiseling (NTc), no tillage and cross chiseling (NTcc), conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and conservation tillage (CsT) and four speeds, (4.6; 5.5; 7,3 and 7.8 km h-1) applied in the subplot at the time of soybean seeding. We observed in the deep layers 0.0 – 0.10; 0.10 – 0.20 and 0.20 – 0.30 m significant effect of tillage systems on the PR of the soil. The NT system showed the highest value of PR compared to other management systems studied. In the NT should be used sowing speeds above 5.5 km h-1 to decrease the compression. Low speeds favor higher yield by improving pods per plant. Speeds in the working range (5-7 km h-1) promote higher productivity by improving the number of pods per plant, and provide better stand.
Eduardo L. Bottega, Daniel M. de Queiroz, Francisco A. C. Pinto, Antonio M. de Oliveira Neto, Cesar C. Vilar, and Cristiano M. A. de Souza
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different sampling grids density in the lime requirements in an Oxisol. The experiment was conducted at a rural property located in Sidrolândia city, Mato Grosso do Sul state, in the Brazilian ‘Cerrado’. In the soil attributes mapping, regular sampling grid was used consisting of 99 points, spread over an area of 90 ha. Other two grids (51 and 27 points) were derived by deleting lines or lines and points from the original one. Based on the results of soil analysis, the lime requirement at each sample point was calculated. Using geostatistical techniques the spatial variability of lime requirement was studied and grid configuration for each sample was tested. By kriging, maps were made. By reducing the number of sampling points, 11% of the experimental area showed an overestimation and 8% underestimation comparing with the lime requirement made using the highest sampling grid density.
E.L. Bottega, D.M. Queiroz, N.T. Santos, C.M.A. Souza, and F.A.C. Pinto
Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Agrarias
Using the multivariate technique of kriging known as cokriging, it possible to estimate values of variables high cost of aquisition using variable of the low...
Willian D. Araujo, André L. D. Goneli, Cristiano M. A. de Souza, Alexandre A. Gonçalves, and Henrique C. B. Vilhasanti
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito da secagem sobre as características físicas dos grãos de amendoim. Foram utilizados grãos de amendoim com teor inicial de água de aproximadamente 0,56 decimal (base seca) e submetidos à secagem com temperatura de 40 ºC. Foram determinadas as propriedades físicas: massa específica aparente, massa específica unitária, porosidade intergranular, massa de mil grãos, esfericidade, circularidade, área projetada, área superficial e a relação superfície/volume. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a redução do teor de água proporcina redução em todas as propriedades físicas dos grãos de amendoim com exceção da porosidade e da relação superfície/volume que tiveram seus valores aumentados com a redução do teor de água. A esfericidade dos grãos de amendoim reduz durante o processo de secagem enquanto que a circularidade não apresenta tendência definida em seus valores com a redução do teor de água.
Priscila Reginato, Cristiano Marcio Alves de Souza, Cesar José da Silva, and Leidy Zulys Leyva Rafull
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de sementes e o desempenho agronômico de crambe (Crambe abyssinica), semeado em diferentes épocas e profundidades. A cultivar FMS Brilhante foi avaliada em quatro épocas de semeadura (26/3, 9/4, 23/4 e 8/5/2012), a duas profundidades (17,5 e 40,4 mm). A profundidade de semeadura influenciou o diâmetro do caule e a população final de plantas, mas não teve efeito significativo sobre a produtividade. A época de semeadura influenciou o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade de sementes, independentemente da profundidade utilizada, e os melhores resultados observados são os da semeadura no início de abril.
Jackeline Matos do Nascimento, Walber Luiz Gavassoni, Cristiano Marcio Alves de Souza, Lillian Maria Arruda Bacchi, Ademar Pereira Serra, and Márcio Leizer Zaccaron
Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Spray nozzles were evaluated at two different spraying times (14h and 17h 30m), in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil regarding Asian soybean rust control ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sidow). Four spray nozzles were evaluated: deflector plain tips, double deflector plain tips, extended range flat spray tips and double plain tips. A commercial formulation of epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin (0,5 L ha-1) was sprayed in the plots. Soybean leaves were collected at the top, middle and lower canopy, for assessment of the number of lesions and uredinias. In addition, leaf area affected by P. pachyrhizi was estimated . Plots sprayed with double deflector plain tips had lower uredinia counts in the lower canopy compared to the other tips tested. Sprays done early in the afternoon with double deflector plain nozzles had lower uredinia counts compared to the other treatments. Smaller defoliation and greater a-thousand grain mass were detected in plots sprayed with fungicide using a double deflector plain tip compared to the deflector plain nozzle. Soybean yield was not affected by nozzles and time of fungicide spray.
Eduardo Leonel Bottega, Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto, and Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
This study aimed to analyze the spatial variability of the chemical attributes and texture of a red latosol. The study was carried out on a property in the town of Sidrolândia, Matto Grosso do Sul, which produces soybeans, corn and cotton, using crop rotation and a no-tillage system. In an experimental area of approximately 90 hectares, samples were taken of the soil at 181 geo-referenced points. The samples were each composed of four single samples, representing depths of from 0 to 0.2 m. The chemical and texture of the soil were measured. Initially a discrepancy analysis was performed followed by descriptive and geostatistical analyses, to characterize the samples and identify the spatial dependence of the attributes studied. No spatial dependence was detected for the attributes: active water acidity, aluminum, potential acidity, base saturation and organic matter. The best estimates of values for non-sampled locations were observed for the physical properties of the soil, which presented parameters which best fit the variograms and cross-validation. The geostatistical techniques used allowed adjustment of the theoretical models that best represented the experimental semivariance, thus enabling the construction of thematic maps of spatial distribution for the values of the attributes of the studied soil.
Cristiane de Oliveira Veronesi, Cristiano Marcio A de Souza, Ademar Pereira Serra, Leidy Zulys L Rafull, Cesar Jose da Silva, and Vinicius de Vito Ros
Universidade Estadual de Londrina
O objetivo na realizacao desse trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade economica do processo de colheita e beneficiamento de sementes de pinhao manso, visando a substituicao da operacao manual pela semimecanizada. O estudo foi composto por dois sistemas de colheita dos frutos, sendo duas derricadoras diferentes, operando simultaneamente na mesma linha da cultura e, a colheita manual. Foram avaliados tambem, dois sistemas de beneficiamento dos frutos de pinhao manso, a debulha mecânica com a separacao manual e a debulha manual. Os custos operacionais da colheita mecanizada foi 26,2% inferior aquela obtida usando a colheita manual, e o custo da debulha e separacao semimecanizada foi 86,5% inferior a debulha e separacao manual, tornando economicamente viavel a substituicao da operacao manual pela semimecanizada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a viabilidade economica do processo de colheita e beneficiamento de sementes de pinhao manso, visando a substituicao da operacao manual pela semimecanizada. O estudo foi composto por quatro sistemas de colheita dos frutos, sendo duas derricadoras, cada uma colhendo os dois lados da planta, as duas derricadoras operando simultaneamente na mesma linha da cultura e a colheita manual. E, ainda, dois sistemas de beneficiamento dos frutos de pinhao manso a debulha mecânica com a separacao manual e a debulha manual. Considerando que os custos operacionais da colheita mecanizada foi 26,2% inferior aquela obtida usando a colheita manual, e que o custo da debulha e separacao semimecanizada foi 86,5% inferior a debulha e separacao manual, conclui-se que e economicamente viavel a substituicao da operacao manual pela semimecanizada.
João Alfredo Neto da Silva, Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza, Cesar José da Silva, and Simone Priscila Bottega
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produção de matéria seca de espécies forrageiras consorciadas com pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas). O experimento foi realizado no Município de Dourados, MS, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 7x2, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As espécies avaliadas foram: Stylosanthes spp.; Urochloa ruziziensis; U. ruziziensis + Stylosanthes spp.; U. humidicola; Megathyrsus maximus 'Massai'; Cajanus cajan; e Crotalaria spectabilis. O desempenho das espécies foi avaliado nos sistemas de cultivo solteiro e consorciado com pinhão-manso. O pinhão-manso foi plantado em novembro de 2006, no espaçamento 3x2 m, e as forrageiras foram semeadas nas entrelinhas, em março de 2009. A avaliação foi realizada em sete épocas, de abril de 2009 a junho de 2010. As espécies apresentaram boa capacidade produtiva, para uso como forrageiras ou em cobertura do solo, em consórcio com pinhão-manso. O capim-massai (M. maximus) apresenta maior capacidade produtiva e tolerância ao sombreamento do que as demais espécies, quando consorciado com pinhão-manso.
João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha, Marcus Antonio Viana Duarte, and Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza
SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
AbstrAct Tractor driving imposes a lot of physical and mental stress upon the operator. The aim of this work was to evaluate the vibration and noise levels emitted by tractors with different ages, under different motor rotations (1700, 1850 and 2000 rpm). In the evalua-tions, two agricultural tractors (a 1988 model year with 60.35 kW of power and a 2009 model year with 89.06 kW), without cabin were used, working with a plough. The noise evaluations were made with a sound level meter, in the driver’s position. The vibration evaluations were made on the driving seat using an automatic acquisition data system with three accelerometers, in the vertical and horizontal planes. The results showed that the service with the tractors presented noise levels higher than the 85 dB(A) limit for 8 hours of daily exposure, established by the Brazilian Legislation on insalubrity. The need of hearing protection device use by the machine operators was observed. The older tractor presented vibration levels that could compromise health, safety, comfort and efficiency of the driver. This not occurs for the newer tractor.