Cristina Liebana-Presa
@portalcientifico.unileon.es
Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy
Universidad de Leon
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Nursing, Pshychiatric Mental Health
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo, Eduardo Pérez-Boal, Cristina Liébana-Presa, María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, and Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background COVID-19 disease affected the cognitive level of institutionalized patients in nursing homes, especially in the older subjects regardless of gender. This study aims to assess cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) before and after COVID-19 infection, and to determine whether these changes varied based on gender. Methods A pre- and post-COVID-19 study was conducted, involving 68 geriatric patients (34 men and 34 women) from two nursing homes. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the MMSE. Results COVID-19 infection had a notable impact on the cognitive health of older adults residing in nursing homes, primarily attributed to the social isolation they experienced. This effect was more pronounced in older individuals. A comparison of the MMSE results by gender before and after contracting COVID-19 revealed significant differences in attention and calculation, with women obtaining the worst score before the virus. However, following their recovery from the virus, men demonstrated significantly lower scores in time and space orientation and evocation. Conclusion COVID-19 has led to a decline in cognitive functioning, significantly worsening the mental state of older individuals, even after recovery from the virus. Consequently, it is crucial to implement proactive measures to prevent isolation and safeguard the cognitive well-being of this vulnerable population.
Cristian Martín-Vázquez, Jose David Urchaga-Litago, Rubén García-Fernández, Natalia Calvo-Ayuso, Enedina Quiroga-Sánchez, and Cristina Liébana-Presa
Elsevier BV
Silvia Perez-Gonzalez, Pilar Marques-Sanchez, Arrate Pinto-Carral, Alberto Gonzalez-Garcia, Cristina Liebana-Presa, and Carmen Benavides
Wiley
Aim. Identify the characteristics of leadership competency for the nurse manager and describe the most cited leadership styles in the literature. Background. Leadership is a fundamental competency for nurse managers, as it plays an important role in the healthcare environment to achieve Sustainable Development Goals and promote people‐centered organizations. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of leadership and the leadership style to be employed is important. Methods. A scoping review was conducted from January 2009 to January 2024 using the design of González Garcia et al., the Arksey and O’Malley framework, and databases including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Articles reporting on the characteristics of leadership for nurse managers were reviewed. The authors performed the review based on a search syntax, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the data extraction process. Results. Sixty‐two studies were included in the final review. The review identified 38 characteristics related to leadership competency, among which we highlighted caring for nurses as individuals, being a visionary, knowledgeable, a change agent, and a communicator. This review highlights the prevalence of transformational leadership, which constitutes 69.57% of the leadership styles cited, and underscores its pivotal role in improving the work environment, effectiveness in nursing care, conflict management, team commitment, and adaptability to change within healthcare settings. Conclusions. The most commonly cited characteristics of leadership include caring for the team, effective communication, and a vision for change. Transformational, people‐centered, and motivational leadership is the most appropriate style. Implications for Nursing Management. The characterization of leadership competency will allow the development of training adapted to the current requirements for nursing leaders. This training could be developed in simulation and virtual reality environments. It also allows for a deeper understanding of how leadership competency affects teams and their functioning.
Cristina Liébana-Presa, Rubén García-Fernández, Cristian Martín-Vázquez, María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, and Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa
FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and analyze the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety, prenatal distress, and individual resilience in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy and compare it with the obstetric variable of parity. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic circumstantial sampling. A total of 144 women participated. The Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire were used. A descriptive analysis with measures of central tendency was performed, and the reliability of the instruments was assessed. Results: The average age was 33.57 years. 58.3% were multiparous and 41.7% primiparous. Anxiety was found in 21.5% and very high levels of resilience in 54.9%. Primiparous women showed higher levels of worry about the future and fear of childbirth than multiparous women. Pregnant women with high resilience showed lower levels of anxiety and stress. Conclusion: Pregnant women with higher levels of resilience show less anxiety and stress during the first trimester of pregnancy. Primiparous women show more anxiety and stress than multiparous women.
Leticia Sánchez-Valdeón, Inés Casado-Verdejo, Leticia Barrionuevo, Elena Fernández-Martínez, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Rui Pereira, and Lisa Gomes
Elsevier BV
Rubén García-Fernández, Sonia Rodríguez-Llagüerri, Maria Helena Presado, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho, Cristian Martín-Vázquez, and Cristina Liebana-Presa
Ludomedia Unipessoal Lda
Introducción: Se sabe que la autoeficacia de la lactancia materna influye positivamente en el comportamiento y en el éxito del amamantamiento, sin embargo, las tasas de duración de la lactancia no hacen más que disminuir en nuestro país. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es identificar la mejor evidencia disponible en la literatura científica sobre la mejora de la autoeficacia de la lactancia materna en madres que tengan un apoyo social adecuado. Metodología: Se realiza una búsqueda exhaustiva en WOS y en SCOPUS, y posteriormente se analizan los resultados obtenidos de trece artículos que hablan de la relación de la autoeficacia y del apoyo social. Resultados: se muestra que las madres que presentan un apoyo social adecuado han aumentado su autoeficacia en la lactancia materna. Conclusiones: se considera fundamental un correcto apoyo social en el ámbito de la lactancia materna, para de esta manera, poder mejorar el desempeño de las madres y poder brindarles una enseñanza correcta de manera que pueda ayudar a aumentar su autoeficacia, su interés por aprender y a mejorar la calidad del proceso de amamantamiento.
Elena Fernández-Martínez, Elena Sutil-Rodríguez, and Cristina Liébana-Presa
Elsevier BV
Cristian Martín-Vázquez, Rubén García-Fernández, Natalia Calvo-Ayuso, María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Cristina Liébana-Presa, and José David Urchaga-Litago
MDPI AG
Background: Achieving the optimal quality of life is currently a health challenge for the world’s population. Pregnancy is a stressful period of life that affects women’s quality of life. Aims: This study aimed to describe and analyse the health-related quality of life in pregnant women during their first trimester in a health area in the north of Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. A total of 359 women completed the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Results: The sample consisted of 57.9% primiparous women, 30% had experienced a previous abortion, and 7.2% were foreign women. The mean age was 33.53 years. The sum of the physical and mental component values was below 50 points. Notably, 4.17% of women reported a worsening of their health in the last year, and 28.69% had an increased depression risk. Conclusion: Being a foreigner, prenatal abortion, previous caesarean section, previous children, or assisted reproduction techniques are the variables that have a negative association with some dimensions of quality of life in pregnant women.
Enedina Quiroga-Sánchez, Natalia Calvo-Ayuso, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo, Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, and Natalia Arias-Ramos
MDPI AG
(1) Background: To describe sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among healthcare staff in a Spanish public hospital. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study examining sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (R18)), tobacco and drug use (ESTUDES questionnaire) and alcohol use (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener). (3) Results: 178 people, of whom 87.1% (155) were women, with an average age of 41.59 ± 10.9 years. A total of 59.6% of the healthcare workers had sleep problems, to a greater or lesser degree. The average daily consumption was 10.56 ± 6.74 cigarettes. The most commonly used drugs included cannabis, occasionally used by 88.37%, cocaine (4.75%), ecstasy (4.65%) and amphetamines (2.33%). A total of 22.73% of participants had increased their drug use, and 22.73% had increased their consumption during the pandemic, with beer and wine accounting for 87.2% of drinks consumed during this period. (4) Conclusions: In addition to the psychological and emotional impact already demonstrated, the COVID-19 crisis has repercussions on sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. Psychological disturbances have repercussions on physical and functional aspects of healthcare workers. It is feasible that these alterations are due to stress, and it is necessary to act through treatment and prevention as well as promote healthy habits.
Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa, Ana María Cubero-Luna, Rubén García-Fernández, Andrea Jiménez-Ruz, María Isabel Maestre-Luna, Cristina Liébana-Presa, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, and Pablo Jesús López-Soto
MDPI AG
(1) Background: The rate of cesarean sections in late fetal mortality remains high. We aimed to determine the prevalence of late fetal mortality in Spain and risk factors for cesarean birth in women with stillbirth ≥ 28 weeks gestation between 2016–2019. (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study with national data between 2016–2019. A total of 3504 births with fetal dead were included. Sociodemographic, obstetrical and neonatal variables were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression (MLR), with cesarean birth with a stillborn ≥ 28 weeks gestation as the dependent variable. (3) Results: The late fetal mortality rate was 2.8 × 1000; 22.7% of births were by cesarean section. Factors associated with cesarean were having a multiple birth (aOR 6.78); stillbirth weight (aOR 2.41); birth taking place in towns with over 50,000 inhabitants (aOR 1.34); and mother’s age ≥ 35 (aOR 1.23). (4) Conclusions: The late fetal mortality rate increased during the period. The performance of cesarean sections was associated with the mother’s age, obstetric factors and place of birth. Our findings encourage reflection on how to best put into practice national clinical and socio-educational prevention strategies, as well as the approved protocols on how childbirth should be correctly conducted.
Cristina Liebana-Presa, María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Rubén García-Fernández, Cristian Martín-Vázquez, Elena Fernández-Martínez, and Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa
Frontiers Media SA
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous maternal and neonatal consequences, especially at the mental level. Pregnant women experience a rise in anxiety symptoms and prenatal stress.AimsThe aim was to describe self-perceived health status, general stress and prenatal stress and to analyze relations and associations with sociodemographic factors.MethodsA quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilistic circumstantial sampling. The sample was recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy during the control obstetrical visit. The Google Forms platform was used. A total of 297 women participated in the study. The Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ), the Perceived Stress Score (PSS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used.ResultsPrimiparas presented higher levels of worry about childbirth and the baby (10.93 ± 4.73) than multiparous women (9.88 ± 3.96). Somatic symptoms were present in 6% of the women. Anxiety-insomnia was scored positively by 18% of the women. In the Spearman correlation analysis, statistically significant values were found between almost all study variables. A positive correlation was observed between self-perceived health and prenatal and general stress levels.DiscussionDuring the first trimester of gestation, prenatal concerns increase when levels of anxiety, insomnia and depression also increase. There is a clear relationship between prenatal worries, anxiety, insomnia and depression with stress. Health education that focuses on mental health of pregnant women would help reduce worries during pregnancy and would improve the pregnant women perception of her health and well-being.
Pilar Marqués‐Sánchez, David Bermejo‐Martínez, Enedina Quiroga Sánchez, Natalia Calvo‐Ayuso, Cristina Liébana‐Presa, and José Alberto Benítez‐Andrades
Wiley
AbstractBackgroundDating apps for men who have sex with men (MSM) have favored unprotected sexual encounters; other unsafe practices, including drug use, are widespread. No evidence is available from the perspective of the structure of their relationships, a personal aspect included in all nursing meta‐paradigms.AimTo study the structure of MSM networks through dating and contact applications and this relationship to risky sexual activities such as condom use, chemsex (sex while using drug), and group sex.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.SampleA total of 32 MSM participants from Madrid (Spain).MeasurementsSocio‐demographic and structural variables with Social Network Analysis (SNA) metrics. Data on condom use, drug use during encounters, and group sex were included.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of respondents practiced chemsex, and 75% of these used poppers. MSM with higher socioeconomic status participated in group sex sessions more frequently than those with lower socioeconomics. Within the network analysis, the relationships strong showed greater ease in having unprotected anal intercourse.ConclusionSNA can be effective in the study of MSM sexual networks and their risk behaviors for community nurses to improve their interventions in sexual health promotion.
María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Sara Castiñeiras-Martín, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Elena Fernández-Martínez, Lisa Gomes, and Pilar Marques-Sanchez
MDPI AG
SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a tool for standardizing and improving interprofessional communication. This study aims to explore the impact of SBAR in healthcare professionals’ wellbeing, through concepts such as job satisfaction, engagement, resilience, and job performance, in the internal medicine unit of a university hospital in the province of León (Spain). This is an observational, descriptive, longitudinal case study with a pre- and post-intervention approach. Questionnaires were distributed to a group of doctors, nurses, and healthcare assistants before and after the implementation of the SBAR tool in the ward. The use of SBAR was monitored to ensure staff compliance. Data statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. Resilience levels increased significantly post-intervention. Job satisfaction and engagement levels remained neutral, slightly decreasing post-intervention. Besides’ being a useful tool to improve communication, SBAR was effective in improving resilience among staff. Several aspects related to hospital management may have had an impact on job satisfaction and engagement results.
Enedina Quiroga-Sánchez, Alberto González García, Natalia Arias-Ramos, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Pilar Marques-Sánchez, and Lisa Gomes
MDPI AG
Alcohol is a widely used legal drug. Self-efficacy takes on great importance in an adolescent’s development. Levels of self-efficacy can contribute to the decision-making process of the adolescent. In this phase, a group of friends becomes increasingly important. Alcohol is present in different social aspects. Adolescents use alcohol as a social facilitator or as part of the development of their autonomy. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the structure of the friendship network, self-efficacy, and alcohol consumption in adolescents. Methods: We used an online platform with validated self-reported questionnaires to collect the data. The sample consisted of 195 adolescents aged between 16 and 18, from different educational centers in Bierzo (Spain). Results: It was found that 43.6% of the adolescents in our research were high-risk consumers. Significant differences were obtained in terms of self-efficacy and different network metrics. These networks were represented by considering the levels of alcohol consumption. In the friendship network, we observed how the central adolescents presented higher levels of self-efficacy and lower alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Self-efficacy is established as a predictor of coping and not consuming alcohol and adolescence as a crucial moment to implement prevention strategies. Social Network Analysis is a useful tool that provides an image of the context in which adolescents find themselves.
Natalia Arias‐Ramos, Elena Andina‐Díaz, Mirena Granado‐Soto, Raquel Álvarez Rodríguez, and Cristina Liébana‐Presa
Hindawi Limited
Baby-led weaning or self-regulated small chunk feeding by the baby has emerged as an alternative to the traditional method of complementary feeding. Parents and healthcare professionals often differ in the benefits and drawbacks about it. The research aims were to describe the knowledge of health professionals about complementary feeding and baby-led weaning (BLW) method and the attitudes towards its recommendation, and to explore the knowledge, experiences and attitudes of parents who have used this method to feed their children. A mixed methods research was carried out. A questionnaire was completed by 38 health professionals and 10 interviews were conducted with participating mothers. A total of 52.6% of health professionals recommended initiating complementary feeding at 6 months of age, a guideline followed by the mothers who used BLW. Some 86.8% of the professionals knew the BLW method and 76.3% knew its benefits, but the mothers consulted mainly informal sources of information sources to learn about and implement it. The health professionals stated that it facilitated family transition, enabled the infant to adapt better to flavours and textures, promoted chewing and the development of fine motor skills, improved growth and might also be a protective factor against obesity. The mothers noted that the method was natural, encouraged infant autonomy and promoted healthy eating habits. The health professionals expressed varied opinions concerning the risks entailed in the method. The main conclusions are that the majority of health professionals participating in the study know the BLW method, its benefits; however, they do not recommend it in all cases. Mothers listen to the advice of professionals but continue to rely on other informal sources of information.
Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa, Sandra Pérez-Marín, Andrea Jiménez-Ruz, Juan de la Cruz López-Carrasco, Ana María Cubero-Luna, Rubén García-Fernández, María Aurora Rodríguez-Borrego, Cristina Liébana-Presa, and Pablo Jesús López-Soto
MDPI AG
(1) Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has a high prevalence globally, and perinatal factors favor FSD, especially in the postpartum period. The aim was to determine the prevalence and factors influencing FSD in the postpartum period; (2) Methods: An observational study carried out in three primary care centers in southern Spain, with women in the postpartum period who had a single low-risk birth. One hundred and seventeen women answered the Female Sexual Function questionnaire during the 4th month postpartum, between January 2020 and December 2021. Sociodemographic, obstetric, neonatal variables and level of self-esteem were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model was carried out; (3) Results: 78.4% had high level of self-esteem. FSD prevalence was 89.7%. Factors related to FSD were having an instrumental vaginal delivery, women with university studies, and prenatal preparation. Maternal age ≥ 35, multiparity, pathological processes in the child, a medium–low level of self-esteem and newborn weight were associated with disorders in some of domains of sexual function; (4) Conclusions: FSD is highly prevalent in the postpartum period and is associated with preventable factors. A preventive approach by health professionals to these factors is essential. Health services should implement postpartum follow-up programs, which may coincide in time and place with newborn follow-up programs.
Rubén García-Fernández, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Natalia Calvo-Ayuso, and Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosa
MDPI AG
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a high risk to the mental health of the entire population. Pregnant women are strongly affected by the consequences of COVID-19, resulting in increased anxiety and stress. Social support can be a protective factor when it comes to mental health disturbances such as anxiety, fear, or stress in pregnant women. This research aims to describe the anxiety and stress of women in the first trimester of pregnancy in times of pandemic and its relationship with social support. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 115 women in the first trimester of pregnancy participated. Anxiety was found in 78.3% of the women. Self-perceived stress correlated significantly with the dimensions “concern for changes in oneself”, “feelings about oneself”, “concern about the future”, and very weakly with social support. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between “feelings about oneself” and social support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety levels of women in our population are elevated. Pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy showed higher levels of fear of childbirth and concern about the future than multiparous women. Increased social support and decreased stress seem to influence “feeling about oneself”.
María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Isaías García-Rodríguez, Natalia Arias-Ramos, Rubén García-Fernández, Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo, and Cristina Liébana-Presa
MDPI AG
Confinement by COVID-19 had negative consequences on adolescent mental health, including increased cannabis use. Cannabis is related to variables that influence health and well-being. Emotional Intelligence is associated with adaptive coping styles, peer relationships, and social–emotional competencies. In adolescence, peer selection plays a unique role in the initiation of substance use. However, there are no studies during a confinement stage that analyse the relationships between networks, Emotional Intelligence, and cannabis use. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the consumption and friendship networks of an adolescent classroom and their relationship with Emotional Intelligence, cannabis use, and gender during COVID-19 confinement. Participants completed different questionnaires for Emotional Intelligence, cannabis use, and the consumption and friendship network. The sample consisted of 21 students from 10th grade, of which 47.6% were consumers. The friendship network correlates with the consumption network, and significant associations between emotional repair and being a cannabis user. The regression model points to the friendship network as a significant variable in predicting the classroom use network. This study highlights the role of the Social Network Analysis in predicting consumption networks during a COVID-19 confinement stage and serves as a tool for cannabis use prevention interventions in a specific population.
Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, Arrate Pinto-Carral, Tania Fernández-Villa, Ana Vázquez-Casares, Cristina Liébana-Presa, and José Alberto Benítez-Andrades
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
AbstractThe aims: (i) analyze connectivity between subgroups of university students, (ii) assess which bridges of relational contacts are essential for connecting or disconnecting subgroups and (iii) to explore the similarities between the attributes of the subgroup nodes in relation to the pandemic context. During the COVID-19 pandemic, young university students have experienced significant changes in their relationships, especially in the halls of residence. Previous research has shown the importance of relationship structure in contagion processes. However, there is a lack of studies in the university setting, where students live closely together. The case study methodology was applied to carry out a descriptive study. The participation consisted of 43 university students living in the same hall of residence. Social network analysis has been applied for data analysis. Factions and Girvan–Newman algorithms have been applied to detect the existing cohesive subgroups. The UCINET tool was used for the calculation of the SNA measure. A visualization of the global network will be carried out using Gephi software. After applying the Girvan–Newman and Factions, in both cases it was found that the best division into subgroups was the one that divided the network into 4 subgroups. There is high degree of cohesion within the subgroups and a low cohesion between them. The relationship between subgroup membership and gender was significant. The degree of COVID-19 infection is related to the degree of clustering between the students. College students form subgroups in their residence. Social network analysis facilitates an understanding of structural behavior during the pandemic. The study provides evidence on the importance of gender, race and the building where they live in creating network structures that favor, or not, contagion during a pandemic.
Elena Fernández-Martínez, Isabel Martín-Pérez, Cristina Liébana-Presa, MCristina Martínez-Fernández, and Ana Isabel López-Alonso
Elsevier BV
Mercedes Fernández-Castro, Belén Martín-Gil, María López, José María Jiménez, Cristina Liébana-Presa, and Elena Fernández-Martínez
Elsevier BV
Bibiana Trevissón-Redondo, Daniel López-López, Eduardo Pérez-Boal, Pilar Marqués-Sánchez, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Raquel Jiménez-Fernández, Inmaculada Corral-Liria, Marta Losa-Iglesias, and Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
MDPI AG
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according to gender. The ADLs of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in two nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)) infection. COVID-19 infection was found to affect the performance of ADLs in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, especially in the more elderly subjects, regardless of sex. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed many victims, especially in the elderly population, has led to a reduction in the abilities of these people to perform their ADLs and caused considerable worsening of their quality of life even after recovering from the disease.
María Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Elena Fernández-Martínez, Lisa Gomes, and Isaías García-Rodríguez
MDPI AG
Background: Cannabis is an illegal psychoactive substance that’s use is widespread among adolescents. During adolescence, many changes can cause stress. In this phase, the group of friends becomes increasingly important, being a situation of vulnerability for the beginning of cannabis use, either as an escape mechanism or due to peer’s influence. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the structure of the consumption and friendship network, the intention to use cannabis, and the stress in a secondary school class. Methods: An online platform with validated self-reported questionnaires were used for data collection. Results: The sample consisted of adolescents (n = 20) aged 14–16 from a third-year class of compulsory secondary education in Ponferrada (León, Spain). Significant differences were obtained concerning consumption intention and the different network metrics in both the friendship and consumption networks. Subsequently, the representation of these networks was carried out. Conclusions: Social Network Analysis is a very useful tool that provides a picture of the context in which adolescents are located. In the consumption network, there are central actors who have not yet consumed cannabis; this is a crucial moment to implement prevention strategies.
Lisa Gomes, Cristina Liébana-Presa, Beatriz Araújo, Fátima Marques, and Elena Fernández-Martínez
MDPI AG
Introduction: The management of chronic illness assumes a level of demand for permanent care and reaches a priority dimension in the health context. Given the importance of nursing care to post-acute coronary syndrome patients, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention program on quality of life in patients after acute coronary syndrome. Method: Quasi-experimental study with two groups: an experimental group exposed to the educational intervention program and the control group without exposure to the educational intervention program. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences between both groups (p < 0.001). Although only valid for the specific group of subjects studied, the educational intervention program enabled significant gains in quality of life. Conclusions: According to the findings of the study, a systematized and structured educational program, integrated into the care organization and based on transition processes, is effective in developing self-care skills and improves the quality of life in patients after acute coronary syndrome.