Biofilm dysbiosis and caries activity: a surface or an individual issue? Laís Daniela EV, Joice Faria POLONI, Nailê DAMÉ-TEIXEIRA, Rodrigo Alex ARTHUR, Daniela Jorge CORRALO, et al. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2023 Objective This study aimed to analyze the functional profile of supragingival biofilm from sound (CAs), active (CAa), and inactive (CAi) enamel caries lesions from caries-active individuals to provide insights into the diversity of biological processes regarding biofilm dysbiosis. Methodology A metatranscriptome analysis was performed in biofilm samples collected from five caries-active individuals. Total RNA was extracted, and the microbial cDNAs were obtained and sequenced (Illumina HiSeq3000). Trimmed data were submitted to the SqueezeMeta pipeline in the co-assembly mode for functional analysis and further differential gene expression analysis (DESeq2). Results Bioinformatics analysis of mRNAs revealed a similar functional profile related to all analyzed conditions (CAa, CAi, and CAs). However, active and inactive surfaces share up-regulated genes (gtsA; qrtT; tqsA; pimB; EPHX1) related to virulence traits that were not overrepresented in sound surfaces. From a functional perspective, what matters most is the individual carious status rather than the surface condition. Therefore, pooling samples from various sites can be carried out using naturally developed oral biofilms but should preferably include carious surfaces. Conclusion Metatranscriptome data from subjects with caries activity have shown that biofilms from sound, arrested, and active lesions are similar in composition and function.
Functionally Active Microbiome in Supragingival Biofilms in Health and Caries Daniela Jorge Corralo, Laís Daniela Ev, Nailê Damé-Teixeira, Marisa Maltz, Rodrigo Alex Arthur, et al. Caries Research, 2021 The oral microbiome is unique at inter and intra-individual levels at various sites due to physical and biological factors. This study aimed to compare the bacterial composition of supragingival biofilms collected from enamel sites with different caries activity, from active and inactive-caries subjects, and from caries-free (CF) subjects. Twenty-two individuals (aged between 13 and 76 years old; med = 23.5 years old) were allocated into 3 groups: caries-active (CA) (<i>n</i> = 10), caries-inactive (CI) (<i>n</i> = 6), and CF (<i>n</i> = 6). From the CA group, 3 sites were sampled: CA (active non-cavitated lesion), CI (inactive non-cavitated lesion), and sound enamel surface (S). From the subjects of the CI group, biofilm from a CI lesion was collected (INCL), while for the CF subjects, a pool of biofilm from sound enamel surfaces was sampled. The total RNA was extracted, and cDNA libraries were prepared and paired-end sequenced (Illumina HiSeq 3,000). Final dental biofilm samples analysed from CA was 16 (ANCL-CA = 6, INCL-CA = 4, S-CA = 6); from CI, 3 (INCL-CI = 3); and from CF, 6 (S-CF = 6) (some samples were lost by insufficient genetic material). Read sequences were processed and analysed using the Metagenomics RAST server. High-quality sequences (3,542,190) were clustered into operational taxonomic units (97% identity; SILVA SSU), representing 915 genera belonging to 29 phyla (higher abundant: Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria). The presence of a core microbiome was observed (123 shared genera). The alpha diversity analysis showed less bacterial diversity in disease (S-CA) compared to health (S-CF). The dominant genera included <i>Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Leptotrichia, Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Eubacterium</i>, and <i>Neisseria</i>. <i>Veillonella</i> and <i>Leptotrichia</i> were related with disease and <i>Prevotella</i> with health. <i>Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga,</i> and <i>Actinomyces</i> clustered together presenting high abundance in health and disease. The Metric Multidimensional Scaling Ordination analysis shows that sites from active subjects (ANCL-CA, INCL-CA, and S-CA) are closer to each other than either INCL-CI subjects or S-CF subjects. In conclusion, supragingival bacterial communities presented intra-individual similarities, but inter-individual diversity and difference in bacterial composition reveal that the subject’s caries activity status matters more than sites.
Building oral health assignments for community health workers through the Delphi technique Alex Luís Sass, Fernando Neves Hugo, Aline Hübner da Silva, Daniela Jorge Corralo, Micheline Sandini Trentin Ciencia E Saude Coletiva, 2021 Resumo As atribuições dos Agentes Comunitários em Saúde (ACS) na área da saúde bucal não estão claramente especificadas na literatura. Este estudo objetivou redefinir as principais atribuições dos ACS em relação aos processos de trabalho em saúde bucal na atenção básica à saúde. Utilizou-se um modelo teórico lógico baseado em publicação oficial do Ministério da Saúde, com seis dimensões de trabalho. O modelo construído sobre as atribuições dos ACS na Odontologia foi enviado a trinta “experts” escolhidos de forma intencional para o estudo consensual através da técnica Delphi. A matriz apresentou como dimensões: cadastramento das famílias, mapeamento da área de atuação, visita domiciliar, trabalhando educação em saúde na comunidade, participação na comunidade e atuação intersetorial. O detalhamento dessas dimensões foi realizado com subdimensões e critérios mensuráveis. Depois de analisadas as dimensões pelos participantes do estudo, dois critérios foram excluídos. Quatorze experts realizaram o estudo por completo. A matriz final demonstrou a necessidade do ACS estar capacitado em diversos tópicos de saúde bucal. Este estudo fornece uma imagem-objetivo do processo de trabalho do ACS em saúde bucal e demonstra a capacidade do mesmo de realizar atividades de promoção, vigilância, prevenção e educação em saúde bucal.
Clinical and ultrastructural effects of different liners/restorative materials on deep carious dentin: A randomized clinical trial D.J. Corralo, M. Maltz Caries Research, 2013 We evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxide cement (CHC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC) on carious dentin and bacterial infections after partial caries removal and sealing. Sixty permanent teeth with deep lesions underwent partial caries removal, the application of CHC, GIC or wax, i.e. negative control (NC), and were then sealed for 3–4 months. After the partial caries removal and the sealing period, the dentin was clinically assessed (colour and consistency) and analysed by scanning electron microscopy to assess dentin organization and bacterial infections. The effect of the treatment in each group was assessed by the Wilcoxon and &#x03C7;<sup>2</sup> tests, differences among groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test and the correlations between variables by Spearman correlation. No clinical symptoms or radiographic signals of pulpits or pulp necrosis were observed during the study. Dentin darkening was observed after the sealing period in the CHC and NC groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the colour after treatment among the 3 groups (p > 0.05). Dentin hardening occurred in all groups after treatment (p < 0.05), also with no differences (p > 0.05). Dentin samples showed better organization after the sealing period than after partial caries removal, with total or partial obliteration of dentinal tubules (CHC p < 0.03, GIC p < 0.05, NC p < 0.01) and a reduction of bacterial infections (CHC p < 0.03, GIC p < 0.05, NC p < 0.03). No differences were observed. Correlations between the different criteria, except for colour and bacterial infection, were detected in all cases. Partial caries removal and sealing resulted in dentin hardening, decreased bacterial numbers and dentin reorganization, irrespective of the dentin protection used.
