David Mark Dror

David M. Dror is an expert in microinsurance and health economics with over 35 years of experience. He founded and chaired the Micro Insurance Academy (New Delhi) from 2007-2017, establishing it as the world’s leading technical advisory body in microinsurance for grassroots communities. His research focuses on increasing insurance uptake in low-income and informal sectors in Asia and beyond. Dror has published extensively and holds honorary professorships in Europe. He regularly engages with civil society and professional organizations to promote innovative insurance solutions for underserved populations​

EDUCATION

PhD - Université Claude Barnard Lyon 1, France
earlier education listed in the CV

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Health Policy

Scopus Publications

Innovations in microinsurance research
David Mark Dror and Martin Eling
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Microinsurance: A short history
David M. Dror
Wiley
AbstractTwenty years ago, the International Social Security Review published an article that introduced a new term to the vocabulary of development and social protection: Microinsurance. Now, twenty years later, it is suitable to take stock of the contribution of microinsurance towards promoting coverage and social security. The article reviews the main insights gained from 20 years of implementation, including a clear expression of the value proposition of health microinsurance, understanding the demand for microinsurance, the business process for successful implementation, and conditions that must be satisfied for scaling and sustainable operations. It also explains the context that led to a considerable divergence in the microinsurance space. The article offers a discussion of unresolved issues and thoughts about the future of microinsurance. The conclusion of this article is that microinsurance can flourish when the necessary four pillars for its implementation exist, namely mainstreaming through political support, enhanced insurance literacy of the customers, technical assistance to self‐administer the schemes, and availability of seed capital. The sufficient additional condition is that customers perceive microinsurance as offering welfare gains that cannot be obtained by other means.


Editorial
David M. Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Correction to: Estimating capital requirements to scale health microinsurance serving rural poor populations (The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, (2019), 44, 3, (410-444), 10.1057/s41288-019-00126-w)
David M. Dror, Atanu Majumdar, and Nihar Jangle
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Estimating capital requirements to scale health microinsurance serving rural poor populations
David M. Dror, Atanu Majumdar, and Nihar Jangle
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



The effect of consensus on demand for voluntary micro health insurance in rural India
David Mark Dror, Atanu Majumdar, and Arpita Chakraborty
Informa UK Limited
Introduction This study deals with examining factors that catalyze demand for community-based micro health insurance (MHI) schemes. We hypothesize that demand for health insurance is a collective decision in the context of informality and poverty. Our hypothesis challenges the classical theory of demand which posits individual expected diminishing utility. We examine factors beyond the traditional exogenous variables. Methods This study uses data collected through a household survey conducted among self-help groups in rural India in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar before the implementation of three community-based MHI schemes. Additional information was extracted from the management information system maintained by the schemes. At the first step, we compared the estimated probability of a household joining the scheme (obtained by applying logistic regression) to the actual uptake. In the next step, we analyzed the role of consensus within groups on demand for health insurance (by applying ordinary least square regressions). Results The results of the logistic regressions indicated that exogenous household characteristics could not explain the probability of joining health insurance. We observed that group consensus on several critical issues, such as the price of the insurance, perceptions about exposure to adverse health events, and perceptions of the quality of service of local health care providers, was the important determinant of demand for insurance. Conclusion Based on the analysis, we reject the null hypothesis that demand is an individual decision at the household level. The analysis upholds the assumption that demand is created through a process of consensus building on perceptions of risk exposure, welfare gains from the insurance, and quality of local health care provision. Success in catalyzing demand for health insurance in the informal sector depends on encouraging group dialog.


Statistical geospatial modelling of arsenic concentration in Vaishali District of Bihar, India
Nihar Jangle, Vaibhav Sharma, and David M. Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



What factors affect voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance schemes in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
David Mark Dror, S. A. Shahed Hossain, Atanu Majumdar, Tracey Lynn Pérez Koehlmoos, Denny John, and Pradeep Kumar Panda
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Introduction This research article reports on factors influencing initial voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and renewal decisions. Methods Following PRISMA protocol, we conducted a comprehensive search of academic and gray literature, including academic databases in social science, economics and medical sciences (e.g., Econlit, Global health, Medline, Proquest) and other electronic resources (e.g., Eldis and Google scholar). Search strategies were developed using the thesaurus or index terms (e.g., MeSH) specific to the databases, combined with free text terms related to CBHI or health insurance. Searches were conducted from May 2013 to November 2013 in English, French, German, and Spanish. From the initial search yield of 15,770 hits, 54 relevant studies were retained for analysis of factors influencing enrolment and renewal decisions. The quantitative synthesis (informed by meta-analysis) and the qualitative analysis (informed by thematic synthesis) were compared to gain insight for an overall synthesis of findings/statements. Results Meta-analysis suggests that enrolments in CBHI were positively associated with household income, education and age of the household head (HHH), household size, female-headed household, married HHH and chronic illness episodes in the household. The thematic synthesis suggests the following factors as enablers for enrolment: (a) knowledge and understanding of insurance and CBHI, (b) quality of healthcare, (c) trust in scheme management. Factors found to be barriers to enrolment include: (a) inappropriate benefits package, (b) cultural beliefs, (c) affordability, (d) distance to healthcare facility, (e) lack of adequate legal and policy frameworks to support CBHI, and (f) stringent rules of some CBHI schemes. HHH education, household size and trust in the scheme management were positively associated with member renewal decisions. Other motivators were: (a) knowledge and understanding of insurance and CBHI, (b) healthcare quality, (c) trust in scheme management, and (d) receipt of an insurance payout the previous year. The barriers to renewal decisions were: (a) stringent rules of some CBHI schemes, (b) inadequate legal and policy frameworks to support CBHI and (c) inappropriate benefits package. Conclusion and Policy Implications The demand-side factors positively affecting enrolment in CBHI include education, age, female household heads, and the socioeconomic status of households. Moreover, when individuals understand how their CBHI functions they are more likely to enroll and when people have a positive claims experience, they are more likely to renew. A higher prevalence of chronic conditions or the perception that healthcare is of good quality and nearby act as factors enhancing enrolment. The perception that services are distant or deficient leads to lower enrolments. The second insight is that trust in the scheme enables enrolment. Thirdly, clarity about the legal or policy framework acts as a factor influencing enrolments. This is significant, as it points to hitherto unpublished evidence that governments can effectively broaden their outreach to grassroots groups that are excluded from social protection by formulating supportive regulatory and policy provisions even if they cannot fund such schemes in full, by leveraging people’s willingness to exercise voluntary and contributory enrolment in a community-based health insurance.


Impact of community-based health insurance in rural India on self-medication & financial protection of the insured
DavidM Dror, Arpita Chakraborty, Atanu Majumdar, Pradeep Panda, and Ruth Koren
Scientific Scholar
Background & objectives: The evidence-base of the impact of community-based health insurance (CBHI) on access to healthcare and financial protection in India is weak. We investigated the impact of CBHI in rural Uttar Pradesh and Bihar States of India on insured households’ self-medication and financial position. Methods: Data originated from (i) household surveys, and (ii) the Management Information System of each CBHI. Study design was “staggered implementation” cluster randomized controlled trial with enrollment of one-third of the treatment group in each of the years 2011, 2012 and 2013. Around 40-50 per cent of the households that were offered to enroll joined. The benefits-packages covered outpatient care in all three locations and in-patient care in two locations. To overcome self-selection enrollment bias, we constructed comparable control and treatment groups using Kernel Propensity Score Matching (K-PSM). To quantify impact, both difference-in-difference (DiD), and conditional-DiD (combined K-PSM with DiD) were used to assess robustness of results. Results: Post-intervention (2013), self-medication was less practiced by insured HHs. Fewer insured households than uninsured households reported borrowing to finance care for non-hospitalization events. Being insured for two years also improved the HH's location along the income distribution, namely insured HHs were more likely to experience income quintile-upgrade in one location, and less likely to experience a quintile-downgrade in two locations. Interpretation & conclusions: The realized benefits of insurance included better access to healthcare, reduced financial risks and improved economic mobility, suggesting that in our context health insurance creates welfare gains. These findings have implications for theoretical, ethical, policy and practice considerations.


Systematic review of willingness to pay for health insurance in low and middle income countries
Shirin Nosratnejad, Arash Rashidian, and David Mark Dror
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Objective Access to healthcare is mostly contingent on out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) by health seekers, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This would require many LMICs to raise enough funds to achieve universal health insurance coverage. But, are individuals or households willing to pay for health insurance, and how much? What factors positively affect WTP for health insurance? We wanted to examine the evidence for this, through a review of the literature. Methods We systematically searched databases up to February 2016 and included studies of individual or household WTP for health insurance. Two authors appraised the identified studies. We estimated the WTP as a percentage of GDP per capita, and adjusted net national income per capita of each country. We used meta-analysis to calculate WTP means and confidence intervals, and vote-counting to identify the variables that more often affected WTP. Result 16 studies (21 articles) from ten countries met the inclusion criteria. The mean WTP of individuals was 1.18% of GDP per capita and 1.39% of adjusted net national income per capita. The corresponding figures for households were 1.82% and 2.16%, respectively. Increases in family size, education level and income were consistently correlated with higher WTP for insurance, and increases in age were correlated with reduced WTP. Conclusions The WTP for healthcare insurance among rural households in LMICs was just below 2% of the GPD per capita. The findings demonstrate that in moving towards universal health coverage in LMICs, governments should not rely on households' premiums as a major financing source and should increase their fiscal capacity for an equitable health care system using other sources.


"climate Cost of Cultivation": A New Crop Index Method to Quantify Farmers' Cost of Climate Change Exemplified in Rural India
Nihar Jangle, Mamta Mehra, and David M Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Guest Editorial
David M Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Healthcare seeking behaviour among self-help group households in Rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
Wameq A. Raza, Ellen Van de Poel, Pradeep Panda, David Dror, and Arjun Bedi
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Can climate change cause groundwater scarcity? An estimate for Bihar
Bhawna Sharma, Nihar Jangle, Nidhi Bhatt, and David M. Dror
Wiley
ABSTRACTGroundwater is the source of almost 85% of freshwater requirement in rural India and 50% in urban India. Bihar is particularly reliant on groundwater, as it has the lowest supply of piped drinking water among Indian states. We examine the exposure of this resource to stress due to climate change; specifically, we estimate the influence of climate parameters on availability of groundwater in Bihar in about 10 years (2021) and 40 years (2051) from the most recent reference‐point of 2011 for which data are available. Considering the estimated increase in temperature in Bihar of 0.32 °C and 1.28 °C from the reference period under high‐end scenario, annual replenishable groundwater would decrease by 4.6 and 17.8%, respectively, for 2021 and 2051. An estimated increase in annual average precipitation by 1.6 and 6.4% from the reference period under low‐end scenario would increase estimated recharge levels by only 0.6 and 2.4%, respectively, in 2021 and 2051. The combined impact of estimated change in climate parameters (temperature and precipitation) would bring groundwater availability from 24 litres per capita per day (lpcd) now to 23 lpcd by 2021 and 20 lpcd by 2051 under worst‐climate scenario (high‐end temperature and low‐end precipitation). Projections of population growth for the years examined compared to the Indian population in 2011 revealed the reduction in water availability further to an estimated 20 lpcd by 2021 and to 13 lpcd by 2051 under ‘pessimistic scenario’ (worst‐climate and high‐end population). Planned artificial replenishment can fill the gap neither in the shorter nor in the longer term. We therefore conclude that due to the cumulative effects of climate and population, groundwater scarcity in Bihar could reach a level well below the minimum lpcd set by the Government of India and by WHO, unless effective corrective interventions will occur.


Mobilizing community-based health insurance to enhance awareness & prevention of airborne, vector-borne & waterborne diseases in rural India
Pradeep Panda, Arpita Chakraborty, and DavidM Dror
Scientific Scholar
Background & objectives: Despite remarkable progress in airborne, vector-borne and waterborne diseases in India, the morbidity associated with these diseases is still high. Many of these diseases are controllable through awareness and preventive practice. This study was an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of a preventive care awareness campaign in enhancing knowledge related with airborne, vector-borne and waterborne diseases, carried out in 2011 in three rural communities in India (Pratapgarh and Kanpur-Dehat in Uttar Pradesh and Vaishali in Bihar). Methods: Data for this analysis were collected from two surveys, one done before the campaign and the other after it, each of 300 randomly selected households drawn from a larger sample of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) members invited to join community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes. Results: The results showed a significant increase both in awareness (34%, p<0.001) and in preventive practices (48%, P=0.001), suggesting that the awareness campaign was effective. However, average practice scores (0.31) were substantially lower than average awareness scores (0.47), even in post-campaign. Awareness and preventive practices were less prevalent in vector-borne diseases than in airborne and waterborne diseases. Education was positively associated with both awareness and practice scores. The awareness scores were positive and significant determinants of the practice scores, both in the pre- and in the post-campaign results. Affiliation to CBHI had significant positive influence on awareness and on practice scores in the post-campaign period. Interpretation & conclusions: The results suggest that well-crafted health educational campaigns can be effective in raising awareness and promoting health-enhancing practices in resource-poor settings. It also confirms that CBHI can serve as a platform to enhance awareness to risks of exposure to airborne, vector-borne and waterborne diseases, and encourage preventive practices.


Building awareness to health insurance among the target population of community-based health insurance schemes in rural India
Pradeep Panda, Arpita Chakraborty, and David M. Dror
Wiley
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate an insurance awareness campaign carried out before the launch of three community‐based health insurance (CBHI) schemes in rural India, answering the questions: Has the awareness campaign been successful in enhancing participants’ understanding of health insurance? What awareness tools were most useful from the participants' point of view? Has enhanced awareness resulted in higher enrolment?MethodsData for this analysis originates from a baseline survey (2010) and a follow‐up survey (2011) of more than 800 households in the pre‐ and post‐campaign periods. We used the difference‐in‐differences method to evaluate the impact of awareness activities on insurance understanding. Assessment of usefulness of various tools was carried out based on respondents’ replies regarding the tool(s) they enjoyed and found most useful. An ordinary least square regression analysis was conducted to understand whether insurance knowledge and CBHI understanding are related with enrolment in CBHI.ResultsThe intervention cohort demonstrated substantially higher understanding of insurance concepts than the control group, and CBHI understanding was a positive determinant for enrolment. Respondents considered the ‘Treasure‐Pot’ tool (an interactive game) as most useful in enhancing awareness to the effects of insurance.ConclusionsWe conclude that awareness‐raising is an important prerequisite for voluntary uptake of CBHI schemes and that interactive, contextualised awareness tools are useful in enhancing insurance understanding.


Enrolment in community-based health insurance schemes in rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
Pradeep Panda, Arpita Chakraborty, David M Dror, and Arjun S Bedi
Oxford University Press (OUP)
This article assesses insurance uptake in three community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes located in rural parts of two of India's poorest states and offered through women's self-help groups (SHGs). We examine what drives uptake, the degree of inclusive practices of the schemes and the influence of health status on enrolment. The most important finding is that a household's socio-economic status does not appear to substantially inhibit uptake. In some cases scheduled caste/scheduled tribe households are more likely to enrol. Second, households with greater financial liabilities find insurance more attractive. Third, access to the national hospital insurance scheme Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana does not dampen CBHI uptake, suggesting that the potential for greater development of insurance markets and products beyond existing ones would respond to a need. Fourth, recent episodes of illness and self-assessed health status do not influence uptake. Fifth, insurance coverage is prioritized within households, with the household head, the spouse of the household head and both male and female children of the household head, more likely to be insured as compared with other relatives. Sixth, offering insurance through women's SHGs appears to mitigate concerns about the inclusiveness and sustainability of CBHI schemes. Given the pan-Indian spread of SHGs, offering insurance through such groups offers the potential to scale-up CBHI.


The demand for (Micro) Health Insurance in the Informal Sector
David M Dror and Lucy A Firth
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



"One for all and all for one": Consensus-building within communities in rural India on their health microinsurance package
David M. Dror, Pradeep Panda, Christina May, Atanu Majumdar, and Ruth Koren
Informa UK Limited
Introduction This study deals with consensus by poor persons in the informal sector in rural India on the benefit-package of their community-based health insurance (CBHI). In this article we describe the process of involving rural poor in benefit-package design and assess the underlying reasons for choices they made and their ability to reach group consensus. Methods The benefit-package selection process entailed four steps: narrowing down the options by community representatives, plus three Choosing Healthplans All Together (CHAT) rounds conducted among female members of self-help groups. We use mixed-methods and four sources of data: baseline study, CHAT exercises, in-depth interviews, and evaluation questionnaires. We define consensus as a community resolution reached by discussion, considering all opinions, and to which everyone agrees. We use the coefficient of unalikeability to express consensus quantitatively (as variability of categorical variables) rather than just categorically (as a binomial Yes/No). Findings The coefficient of unalikeability decreased consistently over consecutive CHAT rounds, reaching zero (ie, 100% consensus) in two locations, and confirmed gradual adoption of consensus. Evaluation interviews revealed that the wish to be part of a consensus was dominant in all locations. The in-depth interviews indicated that people enjoyed the participatory deliberations, were satisfied with the selection, and that group decisions reflected a consensus rather than majority. Moreover, evidence suggests that pre-selectors and communities aimed to enhance the likelihood that many households would benefit from CBHI. Conclusion The voluntary and contributory CBHI relies on an engaging experience with others to validate perceived priorities of the target group. The strongest motive for choice was the wish to join a consensus (more than price or package-composition) and the intention that many members should benefit. The degree of consensus improved with iterative CHAT rounds. Harnessing group consensus requires catalytic intervention, as the process is not spontaneous.


Health Microinsurance Programs in Developing Countries
D.M. Dror
Elsevier



Guest editorial
David M Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Implementing a participatory model of micro health insurance among rural poor with evidence from Nepal
David M Dror, Atanu Majumdar, Pradeep Panda, Denny John, and Ruth Koren
Springer Science and Business Media LLC



Estimating Willingness-to-Pay for health insurance among rural poor in India by reference to Engel's law
Erika Binnendijk, David M. Dror, Eric Gerelle, and Ruth Koren
Elsevier BV



Can the rural poor in India afford to treat non-communicable diseases
Erika Binnendijk, Ruth Koren, and David M. Dror
Wiley
AbstractObjective  Non‐communicable diseases (NCD) are on the increase in low‐income countries, where healthcare costs are paid mostly out‐of‐pocket. We investigate the financial burden of NCD vs. communicable diseases (CD) among rural poor in India and assess whether they can afford to treat NCD.Methods  We used data from two household surveys undertaken in 2009–2010 among 7389 rural poor households (39 205 individuals) in Odisha and Bihar. All persons from the sampled households, irrespective of age and gender, were included in the analysis. We classify self‐reported illnesses as NCD, CD or ‘other morbidities’ following the WHO classification.Results  Non‐communicable diseases accounted for around 20% of the diseases in the month preceding the survey in Odisha and 30% in Bihar. The most prevalent NCD, representing the highest share in outpatient costs, were musculoskeletal, digestive and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular and digestive problems also generated the highest inpatient costs. Women, older persons and less‐poor households reported higher prevalence of NCD. Outpatient costs (consultations, medicines, laboratory tests and imaging) represented a bigger share of income for NCD than for CD. Patients with NCD were more likely to report a hospitalisation.Conclusion  Patients with NCD in rural poor settings in India pay considerably more than patients with CD. For NCD cases that are chronic, with recurring costs, this would be aggravated. The cost of NCD care consumes a big part of the per person share of household income, obliging patients with NCD to rely on informal intra‐family cross‐subsidisation. An alternative solution to finance NCD care for rural poor patients is needed.


Illness Mapping: A time and cost effective method to estimate healthcare data needed to establish community-based health insurance
Erika Binnendijk, Meenakshi Gautham, Ruth Koren, and David M Dror
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract Background Most healthcare spending in developing countries is private out-of-pocket. One explanation for low penetration of health insurance is that poorer individuals doubt their ability to enforce insurance contracts. Community-based health insurance schemes (CBHI) are a solution, but launching CBHI requires obtaining accurate local data on morbidity, healthcare utilization and other details to inform package design and pricing. We developed the “Illness Mapping” method (IM) for data collection (faster and cheaper than household surveys). Methods IM is a modification of two non-interactive consensus group methods (Delphi and Nominal Group Technique) to operate as interactive methods. We elicited estimates from “Experts” in the target community on morbidity and healthcare utilization. Interaction between facilitator and experts became essential to bridge literacy constraints and to reach consensus. The study was conducted in Gaya District, Bihar (India) during April-June 2010. The intervention included the IM and a household survey (HHS). IM included 18 women’s and 17 men’s groups. The HHS was conducted in 50 villages with1,000 randomly selected households (6,656 individuals). Results We found good agreement between the two methods on overall prevalence of illness (IM: 25.9% ±3.6; HHS: 31.4%) and on prevalence of acute (IM: 76.9%; HHS: 69.2%) and chronic illnesses (IM: 20.1%; HHS: 16.6%). We also found good agreement on incidence of deliveries (IM: 3.9% ±0.4; HHS: 3.9%), and on hospital deliveries (IM: 61.0%. ± 5.4; HHS: 51.4%). For hospitalizations, we obtained a lower estimate from the IM (1.1%) than from the HHS (2.6%). The IM required less time and less person-power than a household survey, which translate into reduced costs. Conclusions We have shown that our Illness Mapping method can be carried out at lower financial and human cost for sourcing essential local data, at acceptably accurate levels. In view of the good fit of results obtained, we assume that the method could work elsewhere as well.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Microinsurance: Promoting Resilience and Welfare in the Informal Sector
DM Dror, M Eling
Handbook of Insurance: Volume II, 555-578 2025



Perspective Chapter: Microinsurance’s Quest to Protect the Unprotected, beyond the Bismarck and Beveridge Models
DM Dror
Health Insurance Across Worldwide Health Systems [Working Title] Prof. Aida 2023



Innovations in microinsurance research
DM Dror, M Eling
The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Issues and Practice 46 (3), 325 2021



Health Microinsurance: Implementing Universal Health Coverage in the Informal Sector
DM Dror
2020



Pricing of Microinsurance or Rate Making
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 65-89 2020



Enrollment into the Scheme
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 243-252 2020



Substitutes to Baseline Surveys
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 57-64 2020



Health Microinsurance Models
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 17-27 2020



Baseline Study and Its Purpose
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 31-55 2020



Insurance Awareness and Education
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 185-195 2020



Community Involvement in Benefits Package Design
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 197-207 2020



Data in Microinsurance
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 279-351 2020



The Governance Structure and Training the Key Actors
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 209-241 2020



Impact Assessment of Microinsurance
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 411-424 2020



Key Performance Indicators
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 383-409 2020



Estimating Capital Requirements to Scale Health Microinsurance
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 135-181 2020



The Framework for Implementation of Microinsurance
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 3-16 2020



Estimating Willingness to Pay
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 91-134 2020



MIS in Microinsurance
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 353-380 2020



The Business Processes of CBHI
AS Preker, DM Dror
World Scientific Book Chapters, 255-278 2020

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Protecting the poor: A microinsurance compendium
C Churchill
International Labour Organization 2006
Citations: 696



Micro‐insurance: extending health insurance to the excluded
DM Dror, C Jacquier
International social security review 52 (1), 71-97 1999
Citations: 361



Effectiveness of community health financing in meeting the cost of illness
AS Preker, G Carrin, D Dror, M Jakab, W Hsiao, D Arhin-Tenkorang
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80, 143-150 2002
Citations: 287



Willingness to pay for health insurance among rural and poor persons: Field evidence from seven micro health insurance units in India
DM Dror, R Radermacher, R Koren
Health policy 82 (1), 12-27 2007
Citations: 268



What factors affect voluntary uptake of community-based health insurance schemes in low-and middle-income countries? A systematic review and meta-analysis
DM Dror, SAS Hossain, A Majumdar, TL Prez Koehlmoos, D John, ...
PloS one 11 (8), e0160479 2016
Citations: 250



Social reinsurance: a new approach to sustainable community health financing
DM Dror, AS Preker
World Bank Publications 2002
Citations: 146



Cost of illness: evidence from a study in five resource-poor locations in India
DM Dror, O van Putten-Rademaker, R Koren
Indian Journal of Medical Research 127 (4), 347-361 2008
Citations: 126



Systematic review of willingness to pay for health insurance in low and middle income countries
S Nosratnejad, A Rashidian, DM Dror
PloS one 11 (6), e0157470 2016
Citations: 125



Rich-poor differences in health care financing
AS Preker, G Carrin, D Dror, M Jakab, W Hsiao, D Arhin-Tenkorang
Health Financing for Poor People–Resource Mobilization and Risk Sharing, 3-52 2004
Citations: 122



‘First we go to the small doctor’: first contact for curative health care sought by rural communities in Andhra Pradesh & Orissa, India
M Gautham, E Binnendijk, R Koren, DM Dror
Indian Journal of Medical Research 134 (5), 627-638 2011
Citations: 120



Modelling in health care finance: A compendium of quantitative techniques for health care financing
M Cichon
International Labour Organization 1999
Citations: 112



Field based evidence of enhanced healthcare utilization among persons insured by micro health insurance units in Philippines
DM Dror, ES Soriano, ME Lorenzo, JN Sarol Jr, RS Azcuna, R Koren
Health policy 73 (3), 263-271 2005
Citations: 110



Hardship financing of healthcare among rural poor in Orissa, India
E Binnendijk, R Koren, DM Dror
BMC health services research 12, 1-14 2012
Citations: 107



Enrolment in community-based health insurance schemes in rural Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India
P Panda, A Chakraborty, DM Dror, AS Bedi
Health Policy and Planning 29 (8), 960-974 2014
Citations: 87



Reinsurance of health insurance for the informal sector
DM Dror
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79 (7), 672-678 2001
Citations: 78



Health insurance benefit packages prioritized by low-income clients in India: three criteria to estimate effectiveness of choice
DM Dror, R Koren, A Ost, E Binnendijk, S Vellakkal, M Danis
Social Science & Medicine 64 (4), 884-896 2007
Citations: 77



Is RSBY India's platform to implementing universal hospital insurance?
DM Dror, S Vellakkal
Indian Journal of Medical Research 135 (1), 56-63 2012
Citations: 68



The impact of filipino micro health-insurance units on income-related equality of access to healthcare
DM Dror, R Koren, DM Steinberg
Health policy 77 (3), 304-317 2006
Citations: 66



Building awareness to health insurance among the target population of community‐based health insurance schemes in rural India
P Panda, A Chakraborty, DM Dror
Tropical Medicine & International Health 20 (8), 1093-1107 2015
Citations: 62



Estimating Willingness-To-Pay for Health Insurance among Rural Poor in India by reference to Engel’s Law
E Binnendijk, DM Dror, E Gerelle, R Koren
Social Science & Medicine 76 (January 2013), 67-73 2012
Citations: 62

Publications

• Dror, D.M. (2024). Investors in Longevity: Big Capital and the Future of Extending Life. Literary Letters. Available on Amazon (E-book, Paperback, Hardcover) and Spotify (audiobook). Published August 19, 2024.
• Dror, D.M (2024): Perspective Chapter: Microinsurance’s Quest to Protect the Unprotected, beyond the Bismarck and Beveridge Models. DOI: . Chapter 2, pp. 19-44, in Tavares, A. I. (Ed.) (2024). Health Insurance Across Worldwide Health Systems. London, IntechOpen Publishing. . Available at SSRN: or
2023
• Dror, D.M. "Empowering the Unprotected: Microinsurance’s Journey Beyond Bismarck and In *India Insurance Report: Transforming Indian Insurance, Series II*, edited by Abhijit K. Chattoraj and Harivansh Chaturvedi, 107-132. Kolkata: Sashi Publications Private Limited, 2023. First published October 2023. ISBN 978-81-951103-2-2.
• Dror, D.M., Eling M (2023): Microinsurance: Promoting Resilience and Welfare in the Informal Sector. The chapter is to be included in the insurance manual (forthcoming).
Many more peer-reviewed papers and several books are listed in the CV

GRANT DETAILS

Please see my CV for past grants. I am now retired.