Debanuj Chatterjee

@ircica.univ-lille.fr

Postdoc, Photonics group at PhLAM lab
IRCICA

https://researchid.co/debanuj

I am a post-doctoral researcher working in the domain of nonlinear fiber optics, both theoretical and experimental. I obtained a PhD in Physics from Université Paris-Saclay, France in 2021. My thesis was titled : A theoretical investigation of fiber phase sensitive amplifiers for applications. Prior to that I obtained a 5-year BS-MS degree in Physics from IISER Kolkata, India in 2017.

Curious as a scientist, I often find myself treading down the alleys of history in search of philosophical, scientific and artistic aesthetics. I am also passionate about experimentation on musical styles. I play the Indian bamboo flute or Bansuri. I also love bird watching. As a physicist I believe in conservation.

EDUCATION

BS-MS in Physics : IISER Kolkata, India, 2012-2017
PhD in Physics : Universite Paris-Saclay, France, 2017-2021
Postdoc 1 : Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India, 2021-2023
Postdoc 2 : University of Lille, France, 2023

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectroscopy

Scopus Publications

Scholar Citations

Scholar h-index

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

Dual-frequency comb in fiber Fabry-Perot resonator
Thomas Bunel, Debanuj Chatterjee, Julien Lumeau, Antonin Moreau, Matteo Conforti, and Arnaud Mussot
AIP Publishing
This paper presents a novel approach to dual-frequency comb generation utilizing a single fiber Fabry–Perot resonator, advancing the implementation of these sources in fiber-based systems. Dual-comb applications such as spectroscopy, ranging, and imaging, known for their high-resolution and rapid data acquisition capabilities, benefit significantly from the stability and coherence of optical frequency comb sources. Our method leverages the birefringent property of the resonator induced by the optical fiber to generate two orthogonally polarized optical frequency combs in a monolithic resonator. This approach allows for the generation of two different frequency combs with slightly different repetition rates, exhibiting excellent mutual coherence, making it highly relevant for dual-comb applications. The 40 nm bandwidth generated combs are induced by switching-waves in a normal dispersion fiber Fabry-Perot resonator. These comb types have the advantage of being easily generated by a pulse pumping scheme, which is employed in this study. Finally, the potential of the source is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept spectroscopy measurement.

Sensitivity Improvement in Dual Comb Spectroscopy With Time-Programmed Electro-Optic Frequency Combs
Debanuj Chatterjee, Eve-Line Bancel, Matteo Conforti, Siddharth Sivankutty, Hervé Rigneault, Pascal Szriftgiser, Steven Cundiff, and Arnaud Mussot
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Generation of Tunable Correlated Frequency Comb via Four-Wave-Mixing in Optical fibers
Aryan Bhardwaj, Debanuj Chatterjee, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, and Anil Prabhakar
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
We report an all-fiber-based experimental setup to generate a correlated photon-pair comb using Four Wave Mixing (FWM) in Highly Non-Linear Fiber (HNLF). Temporal correlations of the generated photons were confirmed through coincidence measurements. We observed a maximum of 32 kcps, with a coincidence to accidental ratio of 17$\\pm$1. To further understand the underlying processes, we also simulated a generalized FWM event involving the interaction between an arbitrary frequency comb and a Continuous Wave (CW) pump. Non-linear dynamics through the HNLF were modelled using Schr\\"odinger propagation equations, with numerical predictions agreeing with our experimental results.

Advancements in Optical Communication Research: A Review of India's Progress
Mandeep Singh, Debanuj Chatterjee, Suchita, Sugeet Sunder, Karamdeep Singh, Mrudula Krishna, Sameer Ahmad Mir, and Deepa Venkitesh
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
With the increasing use of internet and mobile phones, the capacity of the backbone optical communication link has been continually growing across the world and especially in India. The total optical fiber cable deployed for the BharatNet initiative of Government of India is expected to increase from 3.4 million km to 5 million km in 2024–25 just for providing last-mile connectivity. Considering this deep proliferation, this article attempts to capture the diverse research carried out in India in the domain of optical communication.

Time-Multiplexed Dual Comb Spectroscopy with Electro-Optically Modulated Combs
Debanuj Chatterjee, Eve-Line Bancel, Matteo Conforti, Siddharth Sivankutty, Hervé Rigneault, Pascal Szriftgiser, Steven Cundiff, and Arnaud Mussot
IEEE
We demonstrate a novel technique for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of dual comb spectroscopy (DCS) through time multiplexing of interferogram. We provide an experimental proof-of-concept of the technique in an all-fiber frequency-agile DCS setup.

All-fibre frequency-agile triple-frequency comb light source
Eve-Line Bancel, Debanuj Chatterjee, Etienne Genier, Rosa Santagata, Matteo Conforti, Alexandre Kudlinski, Géraud Bouwmans, Olivier Vanvincq, Damien Labat, and Arnaud Mussot
CRC Press

A Novel Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifier Scheme with Switchable Large-Gain and Low-Noise Modes
Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, and Fabien Bretenaker
Springer Nature Singapore

A Comprehensive Study on Phase Sensitive Amplification and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Nonlinear Fibers with Longitudinally Varying Dispersion
Debanuj Chatterjee, Sugeet Sunder, Mrudula Krishna, Suchita Yadav, Alexej Sysoliatin, Konstantin Gochelashvili, Sergey Semjonov, Deepa Venkitesh, and Andrey Konyukhov
MDPI AG
Fiber optic parametric and phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA) are interesting for modern day communication technologies due to their low noise and high gain amplification properties with a potential for all optical signal processing and wide band operation. PSAs are typically employed in either a single pump or dual pump configuration. In this article we explore the utilities of both configurations, however considering a fiber with a longitudinally varying dispersion profile. For the single pump case, PSA operation at large pump-signal detunings, that arise due to the longitudinal dispersion variation, were studied numerically, and recipes of using the system as a wide band wavelength selective filter were laid out. For the dual-pump case, emphasis was laid on achieving a larger signal gain, by reducing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) that prevents large pump power transport through the nonlinear fiber. First, the effects of dispersion variation on the gain of a dual pump PSA were studied analytically and numerically in order to optimize the dispersion variation profile, neglecting SBS processes. Then we independently studied the SBS dynamics of the system numerically. A sinusoidally dispersion oscillating fiber (DOF) was found to be an optimal candidate with respect to its PSA and SBS performances. To establish this claim, we also experimentally compared the performance of an available DOF over a standard highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) that has a constant dispersion profile and established its utility for designing a high gain PSA system, thanks to the SBS mitigation due to the longitudinal dispersion variation of the fiber.

Optimization of the conversion efficiency and evaluation of the noise figure of an optical frequency converter based on a dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier
Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, Fabienne Goldfarb, Yassine Hassouni, and Fabien Bretenaker
Optica Publishing Group
We propose a new architecture of phase sensitive optical frequency converter based on dual-pump phase sensitive amplification in a highly nonlinear fiber. This frequency converter allows generation of extra tones through nonlinear four-wave mixing between two strong pumps and an input tone. The frequency channel to which the input tone is converted can be chosen by adjusting the phase of the input signal. The conversion efficiency and extinction ratio of this frequency converter are predicted and optimized and its noise figure is calculated using a numerical approach based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A semi-classical noise figure calculation for this approach was used and validated using an analytical fully quantum calculation based on the multi-wave model.

Photon Pair Comb Generation Using Four Wave Mixing in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber
Debanuj Chatterjee, Gautam Kumar Shaw, and Anil Prabhakar
IEEE
We demonstrate the experimental generation of four-wave mixing (FWM) between a pump and an optical frequency comb in a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). The system was also studied numerically and the FWM correlations were explained.

Generalised expression of the noise figure of phase sensitive amplifiers for an arbitrary number of modes
Yousra Bouasria, Debanuj Chatterjee, Fabienne Goldfarb, Yassine Hassouni, and Fabien Bretenaker
IOP Publishing
Abstract Phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA), contrary to usual phase insensitive amplifiers (PIA), are in principle capable to achieve noiseless amplification, i.e. exhibit a quantum-limited noise figure (NF) of 0 db. When implemented using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a non-linear fibre, extra waves can be generated by undesired FWM processes, which may introduce extra input ports for vacuum fluctuations, thus potentially degrading the NF. In this situation, we give here a general analytical quantum derivation of the PSA NF, valid for an arbitrary number of nonlinearly coupled modes. This expression is usable as soon as a linear input-output relation can be found for the annihilation and creation operators of the involved modes. It predicts that the noise level depends on the number of interacting waves. We illustrate the usefulness of this expression in the case of six waves, corresponding to four interacting quantum modes. In this example the signal NF is degraded by 0.4 db, compared to 10 db obtained for PIA operation of the same scheme.

Phase-Sensitive Amplification in a Dispersion Oscillating Fiber with Two Pumps

Analytical modeling of phase sensitive frequency conversion with a nonlinear fiber in a dual pump architecture

Analytical seven-wave model for wave propagation in a degenerate dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier
Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, Fabienne Goldfarb, and Fabien Bretenaker
Optica Publishing Group
We develop an analytical model to describe propagation of seven continuous waves [two strong pumps, a degenerate signal and idler, two high-order idlers (HOIs), and two high-order pumps (HOPs)] through a nonlinear fiber. The model is developed considering the pumps to be much stronger than the other waves. The seven-wave system is analyzed in terms of interactions among its four-wave subsystems: (i) pumps and degenerate signal and idler, (ii) pumps and HOIs, and (iii) pumps and HOPs. First we analyze the three four-wave subsystems, and then we move to the seven-wave system and compare the two analytical models. The analytical seven-wave model reveals that a strong coupling (mediated through four-wave-mixing processes) between the subsystem with the signal and the subsystem with the HOIs leads to an important role of the HOIs in influencing the signal gain of a degenerate dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier (PSA). We find that the maximum PSA gain of the signal for such an amplifier can be significantly enhanced by launching the HOIs at the fiber input along with the signal. We compare the analytical results with those of a numerical seven-wave model, and for the anomalous dispersion regime, we find good agreement between the two when the system nonlinearity is weak, i.e., total nonlinear phase less than 0.6 rad.

Investigation of the noise figure in a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier using a multi-wave model
Yousra Bouasria, Debanuj Chatterjee, Weilin Xie, Ihsan Fsaifes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Yassine Hassouni, and Fabien Bretenaker
Optica Publishing Group
A semi-classical seven-wave model is developed to investigate the noise performances of a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier. This approach takes into account the transfer to the signal, through multiple four-wave mixing processes, of the vacuum fluctuations injected into high-order waves. This effect leads to a degradation of the noise figure of the amplifier with respect to the 0 dB value predicted by the usual three-wave model. However, it is proved that a careful choice of the fiber dispersion allows us to use high-order waves to enhance the signal gain without degrading the noise figure above 1 dB.

Investigation of analog signal distortion introduced by a fiber phase sensitive amplifier
Debanuj Chatterjee, Yousra Bouasria, Weilin Xie, Tarek Labidi, Fabienne Goldfarb, Ihsan Fsaifes, and Fabien Bretenaker
Optica Publishing Group
We numerically simulate the distortion of an analog signal carried in a microwave photonics link containing a phase sensitive amplifier (PSA), focusing mainly on amplitude modulation format. The numerical model is validated by comparison with experimental measurements. By using the well-known two-tone test, we compare the situations in which a standard intensity modulator is used with the one where a perfectly linear modulator would be employed. We also investigate the role of gain saturation in the nonlinearity of the PSA. Finally, we establish the conditions in which the signal nonlinearity introduced by the PSA itself can be extremely small.

Fully–correlated multi–mode pumping for low–noise dual–frequency VECSELs
Grégory Gredat, Debanuj Chatterjee, Ghaya Baili, François Gutty, Isabelle Sagnes, Fabienne Goldfarb, Fabien Bretenaker, and Hui Liu
The Optical Society
We report a fully-correlated multi-mode pumping architecture optimized for dramatic noise reduction of a class-A dual-frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL). Thanks to amplitude division of a laser diode, the two orthogonally polarized modes emitted by the VECSEL oscillating at 852 nm are separately pumped by two beams exhibiting fully in--phase correlated intensity noises. This is shown to lead to very strong and in-phase correlations between the two lasing modes intensities. As a result, the phase noise power spectral density of the RF beat note generated by the two modes undergoes a drastic reduction of about 10 to 20 dB throughout the whole frequency range from 10 kHz to 20 MHz and falls below the detection floor above a few MHz. A good agreement is found with a model which uses the framework of rate equations coupled by cross--saturation. The remaining phase noise is attributed to thermal effects and additional technical noises and lies mainly within the bandwidth of a phase-locked-loop.

Phase evolution of the direct detection noise figure of a nondegenerate fiber phase-sensitive amplifier
Tarek Labidi, Ihsan Fsaifes, Weilin Xie, Debanuj Chatterjee, Fabienne Goldfarb, and Fabien Bretenaker
The Optical Society
We experimentally investigate the evolution of the direct detection noise figure of a nondegenerate phase-sensitive amplifier based on a nonlinear fiber, as a function of the relative phase between the signal, idler, and pump, all other parameters remaining fixed. The use of a fiber with a high stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold permits us to investigate the full range of phase-sensitive gain and noise figure without pump dithering. Good agreement is found with theory, both for signal only and combined signal and idler direct detections.

Study of Gallium Oxide Nanoparticles Conjugated with β-Cyclodextrin: An Application to Combat Cancer
Bichitra Nandi Ganguly, Vivek Verma, Debanuj Chatterjee, Biswarup Satpati, Sushanta Debnath, and Partha Saha
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Bioactive nanomaterials, namely, gallium oxyhydroxide GaO(OH), also surface-conjugated GaO(OH) with a giant sugar molecule β-cyclodextrin (CD), have been prepared through a simple wet chemical route such that the same could be suitably used in biomedical diagnostics as well as therapeutic applications. Several physical methods were used for their characterization: powder X-ray diffraction pattern of GaO(OH) NPs for their grain size determination, optical spectroscopic absorption (UV-vis and FT-IR), and fluorescence properties of these NPs to ascertain surface conjugation and also their wide band-gap properties. Besides these, morphological properties of these NPs were studied by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) investigation, justifying the elemental constitution through energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Further, biological cellular uptake of these nanoparticles have been demonstrated on cancerous HeLa cells and reported with total fetal effect after 72 h, with CD templated GaO(OH) nanoparticles, a fact that has not been reported so far.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Real-Time Electro-Optic Dual Comb Detection of Ultrasound Waves
D Chatterjee, L Etien, S Boivinet, H Rigneault, T Chaigne, A Mussot
arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.19659 2025

Broadband and stable frequency combs in high quality factor fiber Fabry Perot resonators
T Bunel, M Conforti, Z Ziani, D Chatterjee, J Lumeau, A Moreau, ...
Real-time Measurements, Rogue Phenomena, and Single-Shot Applications X 2025

Generation of Tunable Correlated Frequency Comb via Four-Wave-Mixing in Optical fibers
A Bhardwaj, D Chatterjee, AK Singh, A Prabhakar
IEEE Photonics Journal 2025

Sensitivity Improvement in Dual Comb Spectroscopy With Time-Programmed Electro-Optic Frequency Combs
D Chatterjee, EL Bancel, M Conforti, S Sivankutty, H Rigneault, ...
Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025

Dual-Frequency Comb in Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator
T Bunel, D Chatterjee, J Lumeau, A Moreau, M Conforti, A Mussot
arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.07392 2025

All-fibre frequency-agile triple-frequency comb light source
EL Bancel, D Chatterjee, E Genier, R Santagata, M Conforti, A Kudlinski, ...
Optical Frequency Combs, 175-194 2024

Time-Multiplexed Dual Comb Spectroscopy with Electro-Optically Modulated Combs
D Chatterjee, EL Bancel, M Conforti, S Sivankutty, H Rigneault, ...
2024 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP) and International 2024

Time-multiplexed electro-optic modulation for enhanced signal to noise ratio and recording speed in dual frequency comb spectroscopy
D Chatterjee, EL Bancel, M Conforti, S Sivankutty, H Rigneault, ...
Optica Open 2024

Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio in dual comb spectrometry through time multiplexing
D Chatterjee, EL Bancel, S Sivankutty, H Rigneault, S Cundiff, A Mussot
Optical Sensing and Detection VIII 12999, 129991H 2024

Advancements in Optical Communication Research: A Review of India's Progress
M Singh, D Chatterjee, S Sunder, K Singh, M Krishna, SA Mir, ...
IEEE Photonics Journal 16 (1), 1-9 2024

A Comprehensive Study on Phase Sensitive Amplification and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Nonlinear Fibers with Longitudinally Varying Dispersion
D Chatterjee, S Sunder, M Krishna, S Yadav, A Sysoliatin, K Gochelashvili, ...
Photonics 11 (1), 3 2023

A Novel Fiber-Optic Parametric Amplifier Scheme with Switchable Large-Gain and Low-Noise Modes
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, F Bretenaker
International Conference on Photonics, 27-36 2023

Optimization of the conversion efficiency and evaluation of the noise figure of an optical frequency converter based on a dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, F Goldfarb, Y Hassouni, F Bretenaker
Optics Express 30 (25), 45676-45693 2022

Photon pair comb generation using four wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber
D Chatterjee, GK Shaw, A Prabhakar
2022 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP), 1-2 2022

Phase-sensitive amplification in a dispersion oscillating fiber with two pumps
D Chatterjee, A Konyukhov, A Sysoliatin, D Venkitesh
Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, W2A. 3 2021

Analytical modeling of phase sensitive frequency conversion with a nonlinear fiber in a dual pump architecture
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, F Goldfarb, F Bretenaker
Nonlinear Optics, NF2A. 8 2021

Analytical seven-wave model for wave propagation in a degenerate dual-pump fiber phase sensitive amplifier
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, F Goldfarb, F Bretenaker
Journal of the Optical Society of America B 38 (4), 1112-1124 2021

Generalised expression of the noise figure of phase sensitive amplifiers for an arbitrary number of modes
Y Bouasria, D Chatterjee, F Goldfarb, Y Hassouni, F Bretenaker
Journal of Optics 23 (3), 035201 2021

A theoretical investigation of fiber phase sensitive amplifiers for applications
D Chatterjee
Universit Paris-Saclay 2021

Investigation of the noise figure in a degenerate dual-pump phase-sensitive amplifier using a multi-wave model
Y Bouasria, D Chatterjee, W Xie, I Fsaifes, F Goldfarb, Y Hassouni, ...
Journal of the Optical Society of America B 37 (9), 2745-2754 2020

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Study of gallium oxide nanoparticles conjugated with β-cyclodextrin: an application to combat cancer
BN Ganguly, V Verma, D Chatterjee, B Satpati, S Debnath, P Saha
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8 (27), 17127-17137 2016
Citations: 44

Fully–correlated multi–mode pumping for low–noise dual–frequency VECSELs
G Gredat, D Chatterjee, G Baili, F Gutty, I Sagnes, F Goldfarb, ...
Optics Express 26 (20), 26217-26226 2018
Citations: 12

Phase evolution of the direct detection noise figure of a nondegenerate fiber phase-sensitive amplifier
T Labidi, I Fsaifes, W Xie, D Chatterjee, F Goldfarb, F Bretenaker
Optics letters 43 (18), 4546-4549 2018
Citations: 6

Investigation of analog signal distortion introduced by a fiber phase sensitive amplifier
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, W Xie, T Labidi, F Goldfarb, I Fsaifes, ...
Journal of the Optical Society of America B 37 (8), 2405-2415 2020
Citations: 4

Photon pair comb generation using four wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber
D Chatterjee, GK Shaw, A Prabhakar
2022 Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP), 1-2 2022
Citations: 2

Phase-sensitive amplification in a dispersion oscillating fiber with two pumps
D Chatterjee, A Konyukhov, A Sysoliatin, D Venkitesh
Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, W2A. 3 2021
Citations: 2

A theoretical investigation of fiber phase sensitive amplifiers for applications
D Chatterjee
Universit Paris-Saclay 2021
Citations: 2

Dual-Frequency Comb in Fiber Fabry-Perot Resonator
T Bunel, D Chatterjee, J Lumeau, A Moreau, M Conforti, A Mussot
arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.07392 2025
Citations: 1

Advancements in Optical Communication Research: A Review of India's Progress
M Singh, D Chatterjee, S Sunder, K Singh, M Krishna, SA Mir, ...
IEEE Photonics Journal 16 (1), 1-9 2024
Citations: 1

Analytical modeling of phase sensitive frequency conversion with a nonlinear fiber in a dual pump architecture
D Chatterjee, Y Bouasria, F Goldfarb, F Bretenaker
Nonlinear Optics, NF2A. 8 2021
Citations: 1