HARPOCRATES: An Approach Towards Efficient Encryption of Data-at-Rest Md Rasid Ali, Debranjan Pal, Abhijit Das, Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing, 2025 This paper proposes a new block cipher called HARPOCRATES, which is different from traditional SPN, Feistel, or ARX designs. The new design structure that we use is called the substitution convolution network. The novelty of the approach lies in that the substitution function does not use fixed S-boxes. Instead, it uses a key-driven lookup table storing a permutation of all 8-bit values. If the lookup table is sufficiently randomly shuffled, the round sub-operations achieve good confusion and diffusion to the cipher. While designing the cipher, the security, cost, and performances are balanced, keeping the requirements of encryption of data-at-rest in mind. The round sub-operations are massively parallelizable and designed such that a single active bit may make the entire state (an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8 \times 16$</tex-math></inline-formula> binary matrix) active in one round. We analyze the security of the cipher against linear, differential, and impossible differential cryptanalysis. The cipher's resistance against many other attacks like algebraic attacks, structural attacks, and weak keys are also shown. We implemented the cipher in software and hardware; found that the software implementation of the cipher results in better throughput than many well-known ciphers. Although HARPOCRATES is appropriate for the encryption of data-at-rest, it is also well-suited in data-in-transit environments.
New Techniques for Modeling SBoxes: An MILP Approach Debranjan Pal, Vishal Pankaj Chandratreya, Dipanwita Roy Chowdhury Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2023
Web Series Recommendation System Using Machine Learning Anirban Mitra, Loknath Roy, Rupam Ghosh, Debranjan Pal, Sudipta Roy, Narayan C. Debnath, Soumya Sen Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, 2022
SCA-MQDSA: Side-Channel Analysis of Multivariate Digital Signature Implementations NK Vishwaajith, A Ganguly, D Pal, T Yap, P Mondal, S Kundu, S Saha, ... Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2026 2026
Improved Modeling for Substitution Boxes with Negative Samples and Beyond D Pal, A Baksi, S Mandal, S Sarkar International Conference on Cryptology in India, 45-69 , 2025 2025
Quantum Cryptanalysis of Symmetric-Key Ciphers: Background and Challenges D Pal, A Baksi, A Ganguly Quantum Computing, Cyber Security and Cryptography: Issues, Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Quantum Computing: Threat to Cybersecurity D Pal, D Sau Quantum Computing, Cyber Security and Cryptography: Issues, Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Efficient and optimized modeling of s-boxes A Aitipamula, D Pal, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology in Africa, 441-469 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Partial Sum Attack on Round-Reduced AES Utilizing Parallel Computation Approaches D Pal, A Gupta, A Das, DR Chowdhury SN Computer Science 6 (3), 229 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Improved modeling for substitution boxes with negative samples and beyond (extended version) D Pal, A Baksi, S Mandal, S Sarkar Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Revisiting Lattice-based Non-interactive Blind Signature A Ganguly, A Karmakar, S Kundu, D Pal, S Sarkar Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Progress in Cryptology–INDOCRYPT 2024: 25th International Conference on Cryptology in India, Chennai, India, December 18–21, 2024, Proceedings, Part I S Mukhopadhyay, P Stănică Springer Nature , 2024 2024
Deep learning-based differential distinguishers for cryptographic sequences A Bose, D Pal, D Roy Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology in India, 114-133 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Cryptographic Distinguishers Through Deep Learning for Lightweight Block Ciphers A Bose, D Pal, DR Chowdhury Applications and Techniques in Information Security: 14th International … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Dynamic Cube Attack on Block Ciphers D Pal, S Kumar Mondal, S Sahoo, S Sarkar 2024
Symmetric Key Cryptanalysis: Modeling, Extension and Parallel Implementations D Pal IIT Kharagpur , 2024 2024
Modeling Linear and Non-linear Layers: An MILP Approach Towards Finding Differential and Impossible Differential Propagations D Pal, VP Chandratreya, A Das, DR Chowdhury arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.00441 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
HARPOCRATES: An approach towards efficient encryption of data-at-rest MR Ali, D Pal, A Das, DR Chowdhury IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 13 (1), 173-184 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Visualizing Genetic Patterns: A Comparative Analysis of DNA Sequences Through Image Processing P Mondal, D Pal, K Basuli, P Banerjee International Journal of Microsystems and IoT, 2(2), 586-590, ISSN: 2584 … , 2024 2024
Deep learning-based differential distinguishers for nist standard authenticated encryption and permutations D Pal, M Chaudhury, A Das, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Mathematics and Computing, 1-13 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
New techniques for modeling sboxes: an MILP approach D Pal, VP Chandratreya, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security, 318-340 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Efficient algorithms for modeling sboxes using MILP D Pal, VP Chandratreya, DR Chowdhury arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.02642 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Deep Learning Based Differential Classifier D Pal, U Mandal, A Das Applications and Techniques in Information Security: 13th International … , 2023 2023
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A deep neural differential distinguisher for ARX based block cipher D Pal, U Mandal, M Chaudhury, A Das, DR Chowdhury Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2022 2022 Citations: 13
Deep learning based differential classifier of pride and RC5 D Pal, U Mandal, A Das, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Applications and Techniques in Information … , 2022 2022 Citations: 8
Cloud computing: A paradigm shift in it infrastructure D Pal, S Chakraborty, A Nag CSI Communications, January , 2015 2015 Citations: 8
A cluster-based practical key recovery attack on reduced-round AES using impossible-differential cryptanalysis: D. Pal et al. D Pal, MR Ali, A Das, D Roy Chowdhury The Journal of Supercomputing 79 (6), 6252-6289 , 2023 2023 Citations: 6
New techniques for modeling sboxes: an MILP approach D Pal, VP Chandratreya, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security, 318-340 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Modeling Linear and Non-linear Layers: An MILP Approach Towards Finding Differential and Impossible Differential Propagations D Pal, VP Chandratreya, A Das, DR Chowdhury arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.00441 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
HARPOCRATES: An approach towards efficient encryption of data-at-rest MR Ali, D Pal, A Das, DR Chowdhury IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 13 (1), 173-184 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Quantum Computing: Threat to Cybersecurity D Pal, D Sau Quantum Computing, Cyber Security and Cryptography: Issues, Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 3
Deep learning-based differential distinguishers for cryptographic sequences A Bose, D Pal, D Roy Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology in India, 114-133 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Deep learning-based differential distinguishers for nist standard authenticated encryption and permutations D Pal, M Chaudhury, A Das, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Mathematics and Computing, 1-13 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Efficient algorithms for modeling sboxes using MILP D Pal, VP Chandratreya, DR Chowdhury arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.02642 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
An efficient parallel implementation of impossible-differential cryptanalysis for five-round AES-128 D Pal, D Agrawal, A Das, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Security, Privacy, and Applied Cryptography … , 2019 2019 Citations: 3
Efficient and optimized modeling of s-boxes A Aitipamula, D Pal, DR Chowdhury International Conference on Cryptology in Africa, 441-469 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Quantum Cryptanalysis of Symmetric-Key Ciphers: Background and Challenges D Pal, A Baksi, A Ganguly Quantum Computing, Cyber Security and Cryptography: Issues, Technologies … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Partial Sum Attack on Round-Reduced AES Utilizing Parallel Computation Approaches D Pal, A Gupta, A Das, DR Chowdhury SN Computer Science 6 (3), 229 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Improved modeling for substitution boxes with negative samples and beyond (extended version) D Pal, A Baksi, S Mandal, S Sarkar Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Revisiting Lattice-based Non-interactive Blind Signature A Ganguly, A Karmakar, S Kundu, D Pal, S Sarkar Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Cryptographic Distinguishers Through Deep Learning for Lightweight Block Ciphers A Bose, D Pal, DR Chowdhury Applications and Techniques in Information Security: 14th International … , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Web series recommendation system using machine learning A Mitra, L Roy, R Ghosh, D Pal, S Roy, NC Debnath, S Sen International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics … , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
SCA-MQDSA: Side-Channel Analysis of Multivariate Digital Signature Implementations NK Vishwaajith, A Ganguly, D Pal, T Yap, P Mondal, S Kundu, S Saha, ... Cryptology ePrint Archive , 2026 2026
