Cognitive Neuroscience, Sensory Systems, Linguistics and Language, Artificial Intelligence
44
Scopus Publications
5153
Scholar Citations
29
Scholar h-index
40
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Are you talking to me? How the choice of speech register impacts listeners’ hierarchical encoding of speech Giorgio Piazza, Sara Carta, Emily Y.J. Ip, Jose Pérez-Navarro, Marina Kalashnikova, Clara D. Martin, Giovanni M. Di Liberto Imaging Neuroscience, 2025 Speakers accommodate their speech to meet the needs of their listeners, producing different speech registers. One such register is L2 Accommodation (L2A), which is the way native speakers address non-native listeners, typically characterized by features such as slow speech rate and phonetic exaggeration. Here, we investigated how register impacts the cortical encoding of speech at different levels of language integration. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced comprehension of L2A compared with Native Directed Speech (NDS) involves more than just a slower speech rate, influencing speech processing from acoustic to semantic levels. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from Spanish native listeners, who were learning English (L2 learners), and English native listeners (L1 listeners) as they were presented with audio-stories. Speech was presented in English in three different speech registers: L2A, NDS, and a control register (Slow-NDS) which is a slowed down version of NDS. We measured the cortical encoding of acoustic, phonological, and semantic information with a multivariate temporal response function analysis (TRF) on the EEG signals. We found that L2A promoted L2 learners’ cortical encoding at all the levels of speech and language processing considered. First, L2A led to a more pronounced encoding of the speech envelope. Second, phonological encoding was more refined when listening to L2A, with phoneme perception getting closer to that of L1 listeners. Finally, L2A also enhanced the TRF-N400, a neural signature of semantic integration. Conversely, L2A impacted acoustic but not linguistic speech encoding in L1 listeners. In contrast, slow-NDS altered the cortical encoding of sound acoustics in L1 listeners but did not impact semantic or phonological encoding. Taken together, these results support our hypothesis that L2A accommodates speech processing in L2 listeners beyond what can be achieved by simply speaking slowly, impacting the cortical encoding of sound and language at different abstraction levels. In turn, this study provides objective metrics that are sensitive to the impact of register on the hierarchical encoding of speech, which could be extended to other registers and cohorts.
Robust assessment of the cortical encoding of word-level expectations using the temporal response function Amirhossein Chalehchaleh, Martin M Winchester, Giovanni M Di Liberto Journal of Neural Engineering, 2025 Objective. Speech comprehension involves detecting words and interpreting their meaning according to the preceding semantic context. This process is thought to be underpinned by a predictive neural system that uses that context to anticipate upcoming words. However, previous studies relied on evaluation metrics designed for continuous univariate sound features, overlooking the discrete and sparse nature of word-level features. This mismatch has limited effect sizes and hampered progress in understanding lexical prediction mechanisms in ecologically-valid experiments. Approach. We investigate these limitations by analyzing both simulated and actual electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded during a speech comprehension task. We then introduce two novel assessment metrics tailored to capture the neural encoding of lexical surprise, improving upon traditional evaluation approaches. Main results. The proposed metrics demonstrated effect-sizes over 140% larger than those achieved with the conventional temporal response function (TRF) evaluation. These improvements were consistent across both simulated and real EEG datasets. Significance. Our findings substantially advance methods for evaluating lexical prediction in neural data, enabling more precise measurements and deeper insights into how the brain builds predictive representations during speech comprehension. These contributions open new avenues for research into predictive coding mechanisms in naturalistic language processing.
Real-time control of a hearing instrument with EEG-based attention decoding Jens Hjortkjær, Daniel D E Wong, Alessandro Catania, Jonatan Märcher-Rørsted, Enea Ceolini, Søren A Fuglsang, Ilya Kiselev, Giovanni Di Liberto, Shih-Chii Liu, Torsten Dau, Malcolm Slaney, Alain de Cheveigné Journal of Neural Engineering, 2025 Enhancing speech perception in everyday noisy acoustic environments remains an outstanding challenge for hearing aids. Speech separation technology is improving rapidly, but hearing devices cannot fully exploit this advance without knowing which sound sources the user wants to hear. Even with high-quality source separation, the hearing aid must know which speech streams to enhance and which to suppress. Advances in EEG-based decoding of auditory attention raise the potential of neurosteering, in which a hearing instrument selectively enhances the sound sources that a hearing-impaired listener is focusing their attention on. Here, we present and discuss a real-time brain–computer interface system that combines a stimulus–response model based on canonical correlation analysis for real-time EEG attention decoding, coupled with a multi-microphone hardware platform enabling low-latency real-time speech separation through spatial beamforming. We provide an overview of the system and its various components, discuss prospects and limitations of the technology, and illustrate its application with case studies of listeners steering acoustic feedback of competing speech streams via real-time attention decoding. A software implementation code of the system is publicly available for further research and explorations.
Attenuation in the neural tracking of auditory streams within the first 20 seconds of sound presentation Alejandro Lopez Valdes, Cillian French, Jaimy Hannah, Giovanni M. Di Liberto Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society EMBS, 2025 Auditory neurophysiology has increasingly focused on naturalistic auditory tasks, for example involving continuous speech and music listening. Probing such neural signatures involves relating the sensory input with the corresponding neural signal, for example by utilizing system identification methodologies. The resulting neural indices have advanced our understanding of foundational neural mechanisms, such as auditory attention and prediction, as well as shedding light on language development, impairments impacting auditory communication, and ageing. One key challenge is to determine whether results from a given experiment generalize or are specific to the experimental design. Here, we re-analyze data from a variety of studies on continuous sound listening to test the sensitivity of neural signals to a key experimental design choice: the segmentation of the sound stimulus. We measured the neural tracking of the sound envelope, finding a reduced tracking through the first 20 seconds of a sound segment. The effect was measured in correspondence with the onset of a segment but was unrelated to the duration of the experiment. This phenomenon was consistent across datasets, regardless of whether the stimulus was speech or music, and independent of attention (target vs. masker speech), intelligibility (speech vs. time-reversed speech), and modality (speech vs. audio-visual speech). This result is akin to slow neural habituation effect or short-term habituation (STH) seen in traditional discrete-stimuli event-related (ERP) studies.Clinical Significance-Our findings indicate that the segmentation choice for experiments involving continuous amplitude-modulated sounds affects the envelope tracking measures. This is a very important issue to consider as it can alter the interpretation of existing and future results. Substantial changes in the neural measurements due to that design choice would be undesirable or, at least, important to consider when comparing data from different experiments.
Infant low-frequency EEG cortical power, cortical tracking and phase-amplitude coupling predicts language a year later Adam Attaheri, Áine Ní Choisdealbha, Sinead Rocha, Perrine Brusini, Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Natasha Mead, Helen Olawole-Scott, Panagiotis Boutris, Samuel Gibbon, Isabel Williams, Christina Grey, Maria Alfaro e Oliveira, Carmel Brough, Sheila Flanagan, Usha Goswami Plos One, 2024 Cortical signals have been shown to track acoustic and linguistic properties of continuous speech. This phenomenon has been measured in both children and adults, reflecting speech understanding by adults as well as cognitive functions such as attention and prediction. Furthermore, atypical low-frequency cortical tracking of speech is found in children with phonological difficulties (developmental dyslexia). Accordingly, low-frequency cortical signals may play a critical role in language acquisition. A recent investigation with infants Attaheri et al., 2022 [1] probed cortical tracking mechanisms at the ages of 4, 7 and 11 months as participants listened to sung speech. Results from temporal response function (TRF), phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and dynamic theta-delta power (PSD) analyses indicated speech envelope tracking and stimulus-related power (PSD) for delta and theta neural signals. Furthermore, delta- and theta-driven PAC was found at all ages, with theta phases displaying stronger PAC with high-frequency amplitudes than delta. The present study tests whether these previous findings replicate in the second half of the full cohort of infants (N = 122) who were participating in this longitudinal study (first half: N = 61, (1); second half: N = 61). In addition to demonstrating good replication, we investigate whether cortical tracking in the first year of life predicts later language acquisition for the full cohort (122 infants recruited, 113 retained) using both infant-led and parent-estimated measures and multivariate and univariate analyses. Increased delta cortical tracking in the univariate analyses, increased ~2Hz PSD power and stronger theta-gamma PAC in both multivariate and univariate analyses were related to better language outcomes using both infant-led and parent-estimated measures. By contrast, increased ~4Hz PSD power in the multi-variate analyses, increased delta-beta PAC and a higher theta/delta power ratio in the multi-variate analyses were related to worse language outcomes. The data are interpreted within a “Temporal Sampling” framework for developmental language trajectories.
Cortical encoding of phonetic onsets of both attended and ignored speech in hearing impaired individuals Sara Carta, Emina Aličković, Johannes Zaar, Alejandro López Valdés, Giovanni M. Di Liberto Plos One, 2024 Hearing impairment alters the sound input received by the human auditory system, reducing speech comprehension in noisy multi-talker auditory scenes. Despite such difficulties, neural signals were shown to encode the attended speech envelope more reliably than the envelope of ignored sounds, reflecting the intention of listeners with hearing impairment (HI). This result raises an important question: What speech-processing stage could reflect the difficulty in attentional selection, if not envelope tracking? Here, we use scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to test the hypothesis that the neural encoding of phonological information (i.e., phonetic boundaries and phonological categories) is affected by HI. In a cocktail-party scenario, such phonological difficulty might be reflected in an overrepresentation of phonological information for both attended and ignored speech sounds, with detrimental effects on the ability to effectively focus on the speaker of interest. To investigate this question, we carried out a re-analysis of an existing dataset where EEG signals were recorded as participants with HI, fitted with hearing aids, attended to one speaker (target) while ignoring a competing speaker (masker) and spatialised multi-talker background noise. Multivariate temporal response function (TRF) analyses indicated a stronger phonological information encoding for target than masker speech streams. Follow-up analyses aimed at disentangling the encoding of phonological categories and phonetic boundaries (phoneme onsets) revealed that neural signals encoded the phoneme onsets for both target and masker streams, in contrast with previously published findings with normal hearing (NH) participants and in line with our hypothesis that speech comprehension difficulties emerge due to a robust phonological encoding of both target and masker. Finally, the neural encoding of phoneme-onsets was stronger for the masker speech, pointing to a possible neural basis for the higher distractibility experienced by individuals with HI.
Imitation of Multisyllabic Items by Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence for Word-Level Atypical Speech Envelope and Pitch Contours Lyla Parvez, Mahmoud Keshavarzi, Susan Richards, Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Usha Goswami Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2024 Purpose: Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a multifaceted disorder. Recently, interest has grown in prosodic aspects of DLD, but most investigations of possible prosodic causes focus on speech perception tasks. Here, we focus on speech production from a speech amplitude envelope (AE) perspective. Perceptual studies have indicated a role for difficulties in AE processing in DLD related to sensory/neural processing of prosody. We explore possible matching AE difficulties in production. Method: Fifty-seven children with and without DLD completed a computerized imitation task, copying aloud 30 familiar targets such as “alligator.” Children with DLD ( n = 20) were compared with typically developing children (age-matched controls [AMC], n = 21) and younger language controls (YLC, n = 16). Similarity of the child's productions to the target in terms of the continuous AE and pitch contour was computed using two similarity metrics, correlation, and mutual information. Both the speech AE and the pitch contour contain important information about stress patterning and intonational information over time. Results: Children with DLD showed significantly reduced imitation for both the AE and pitch contour metrics compared to AMC children. The opportunity to repeat the targets had no impact on performance for any group. Word length effects were similar across groups. Conclusions: The spoken production of multisyllabic words by children with DLD is atypical regarding both the AE and the pitch contour. This is consistent with a theoretical explanation of DLD based on impaired sensory/neural processing of low-frequency (slow) amplitude and frequency modulations, as predicted by the temporal sampling theory. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27165690
Atypical speech production of multisyllabic words and phrases by children with developmental dyslexia Mahmoud Keshavarzi, Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Fiona Gabrielczyk, Angela Wilson, Annabel Macfarlane, Usha Goswami Developmental Science, 2024 The prevalent "core phonological deficit" model of dyslexia proposes that the reading and spelling difficulties characterizing affected children stem from prior developmental difficulties in processing speech sound structure, for example, perceiving and identifying syllable stress patterns, syllables, rhymes and phonemes. Yet spoken word production appears normal. This suggests an unexpected disconnect between speech input and speech output processes. Here we investigated the output side of this disconnect from a speech rhythm perspective by measuring the speech amplitude envelope (AE) of multisyllabic spoken phrases. The speech AE contains crucial information regarding stress patterns, speech rate, tonal contrasts and intonational information. We created a novel computerized speech copying task in which participants copied aloud familiar spoken targets like “Aladdin.” Seventy‐five children with and without dyslexia were tested, some of whom were also receiving an oral intervention designed to enhance multi‐syllabic processing. Similarity of the child's productions to the target AE was computed using correlation and mutual information metrics. Similarity of pitch contour, another acoustic cue to speech rhythm, was used for control analyses. Children with dyslexia were significantly worse at producing the multi‐syllabic targets as indexed by both similarity metrics for computing the AE. However, children with dyslexia were not different from control children in producing pitch contours. Accordingly, the spoken production of multisyllabic phrases by children with dyslexia is atypical regarding the AE. Children with dyslexia may not appear to listeners to exhibit speech production difficulties because their pitch contours are intact.Research Highlights Speech production of syllable stress patterns is atypical in children with dyslexia. Children with dyslexia are significantly worse at producing the amplitude envelope of multi‐syllabic targets compared to both age‐matched and reading‐level‐matched control children. No group differences were found for pitch contour production between children with dyslexia and age‐matched control children. It may be difficult to detect speech output problems in dyslexia as pitch contours are relatively accurate.
Atypical low-frequency cortical encoding of speech identifies children with developmental dyslexia João Araújo, Benjamin D. Simons, Varghese Peter, Kanad Mandke, Marina Kalashnikova, Annabel Macfarlane, Fiona Gabrielczyk, Angela Wilson, Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Denis Burnham, Usha Goswami Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2024 Slow cortical oscillations play a crucial role in processing the speech amplitude envelope, which is perceived atypically by children with developmental dyslexia. Here we use electroencephalography (EEG) recorded during natural speech listening to identify neural processing patterns involving slow oscillations that may characterize children with dyslexia. In a story listening paradigm, we find that atypical power dynamics and phase-amplitude coupling between delta and theta oscillations characterize dyslexic versus other child control groups (typically-developing controls, other language disorder controls). We further isolate EEG common spatial patterns (CSP) during speech listening across delta and theta oscillations that identify dyslexic children. A linear classifier using four delta-band CSP variables predicted dyslexia status (0.77 AUC). Crucially, these spatial patterns also identified children with dyslexia when applied to EEG measured during a rhythmic syllable processing task. This transfer effect (i.e., the ability to use neural features derived from a story listening task as input features to a classifier based on a rhythmic syllable task) is consistent with a core developmental deficit in neural processing of speech rhythm. The findings are suggestive of distinct atypical neurocognitive speech encoding mechanisms underlying dyslexia, which could be targeted by novel interventions.
DASH: Dynamic approach for switching heuristics Lecture Notes in Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, 2016
Robust Evaluation of Neural Encoding Models via ground-truth approximation GM Di Liberto arXiv preprint arXiv:2604.14694 , 2026 2026
Bridging the neural synchronization to linguistic structures and natural speech comprehension J Martorell, GM Di Liberto, N Molinaro, L Meyer bioRxiv, 2026.03. 23.713668 , 2026 2026
Investigating neural speech processing with functional near infrared spectroscopy: considerations for temporal response functions J Wilroth, NS Silva, A Tafakkor, B de Avo Mesquita, EYJ Ip, B Lau, ... bioRxiv, 2026.03. 20.713212 , 2026 2026
Trust Modulates Speech Entrainment: Enhanced Cortical Tracking for Low-Trust Speakers JA Hannah, GM Di Liberto bioRxiv, 2026.03. 11.711118 , 2026 2026
Exploring the impact of social relevance on the cortical tracking of speech: viability and temporal response characterisation EYJ Ip, A Akkaya, MM Winchester, SJ Bishop, BR Cowan, GM Di Liberto bioRxiv, 2025.09. 23.674728 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Where is the melody? Spontaneous attention orchestrates melody formation during polyphonic music listening MM Winchester, K Reynolds, C Nebo, IC Scott, GM Di Liberto bioRxiv, 2025.08. 26.672294 , 2025 2025
Attenuation in the neural tracking of auditory streams within the first 20 seconds of sound presentation AL Valdes, C French, J Hannah, GM Di Liberto 2025 47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in … , 2025 2025
Simultaneous cortical tracking of competing speech streams during attention switching S Carta, E Aličković, J Zaar, AL Valdés, GM Di Liberto bioRxiv, 2025.07. 02.662762 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Speech Neurophysiology in Realistic Contexts: Big Hype or Big Leap? GM Di Liberto, EYJ Ip arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.05494 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Are you talking to me? How the choice of speech register impacts listeners’ hierarchical encoding of speech G Piazza, S Carta, EYJ Ip, J Pérez-Navarro, M Kalashnikova, CD Martin, ... Imaging Neuroscience 3, imag_a_00539 , 2025 2025 Citations: 8
IDyOMpy: A new Python-based model for the statistical analysis of musical expectations G Marion, F Gao, BP Gold, GM Di Liberto, S Shamma Journal of Neuroscience Methods 415, 110347 , 2025 2025 Citations: 4
Real-time control of a hearing instrument with EEG-based attention decoding J Hjortkjær, DDE Wong, A Catania, J Märcher-Rørsted, E Ceolini, ... Journal of Neural Engineering 22 (1), 016027 , 2025 2025 Citations: 33
Robust assessment of the cortical encoding of word-level expectations using the temporal response function A Chalehchaleh, MM Winchester, GM Di Liberto Journal of Neural Engineering 22 (1), 016004 , 2025 2025 Citations: 18
Infant low-frequency EEG cortical power, cortical tracking and phase-amplitude coupling predicts language a year later A Attaheri, Á Ní Choisdealbha, S Rocha, P Brusini, GM Di Liberto, N Mead, ... PloS one 19 (12), e0313274 , 2024 2024 Citations: 29
Cortical encoding of phonetic onsets of both attended and ignored speech in hearing impaired individuals S Carta, E Aličković, J Zaar, AL Valdés, GM Di Liberto PLoS One 19 (11), e0308554 , 2024 2024 Citations: 13
Imitation of multisyllabic items by children with developmental language disorder: evidence for word-level atypical speech envelope and pitch contours L Parvez, M Keshavarzi, S Richards, GM Di Liberto, U Goswami Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 67 (11), 4288-4303 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
A standardised open science framework for sharing and re-analysing neural data acquired to continuous stimuli GM Di Liberto, A Nidiffer, MJ Crosse, NJ Zuk, S Haro, G Cantisani, ... ArXiv, arXiv: 2309.07671 v4 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Atypical low-frequency cortical encoding of speech identifies children with developmental dyslexia J Araújo, BD Simons, V Peter, K Mandke, M Kalashnikova, A Macfarlane, ... Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 18, 1403677 , 2024 2024 Citations: 20
Neural signatures of musical and linguistic interactions during natural song listening G Cantisani, S Shamma, GM Di Liberto 2024 Citations: 3
Atypical speech production of multisyllabic items by children with developmental language disorder (DLD) indicate prosodic difficulties L Parvez, M Keshavarzi, S Richards, G Di Liberto, U Goswami OSF , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The multivariate temporal response function (mTRF) toolbox: a MATLAB toolbox for relating neural signals to continuous stimuli MJ Crosse, GM Di Liberto, A Bednar, EC Lalor Frontiers in human neuroscience 10, 604 , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 911
Low-frequency cortical entrainment to speech reflects phoneme-level processing GM Di Liberto, JA O’sullivan, EC Lalor Current Biology 25 (19), 2457-2465 , 2015 2015.0 Citations: 747
Electrophysiological correlates of semantic dissimilarity reflect the comprehension of natural, narrative speech MP Broderick, AJ Anderson, GM Di Liberto, MJ Crosse, EC Lalor Current Biology 28 (5), 803-809. e3 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 550
Decoding the auditory brain with canonical component analysis A De Cheveigné, DDE Wong, GM Di Liberto, J Hjortkjær, M Slaney, ... NeuroImage 172, 206-216 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 288
Linear modeling of neurophysiological responses to speech and other continuous stimuli: methodological considerations for applied research MJ Crosse, NJ Zuk, GM Di Liberto, AR Nidiffer, S Molholm, EC Lalor Frontiers in neuroscience 15, 705621 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 226
Eye can hear clearly now: inverse effectiveness in natural audiovisual speech processing relies on long-term crossmodal temporal integration MJ Crosse, GM Di Liberto, EC Lalor Journal of Neuroscience 36 (38), 9888-9895 , 2016 2016.0 Citations: 216
Atypical cortical entrainment to speech in the right hemisphere underpins phonemic deficits in dyslexia GM Di Liberto, V Peter, M Kalashnikova, U Goswami, D Burnham, ... NeuroImage 175, 70-79 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 191
Infant-directed speech facilitates seven-month-old infants’ cortical tracking of speech M Kalashnikova, V Peter, GM Di Liberto, EC Lalor, D Burnham Scientific reports 8 (1), 13745 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 183
Delta-and theta-band cortical tracking and phase-amplitude coupling to sung speech by infants A Attaheri, ÁN Choisdealbha, GM Di Liberto, S Rocha, P Brusini, N Mead, ... NeuroImage 247, 118698 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 163
Cortical encoding of melodic expectations in human temporal cortex GM Di Liberto, C Pelofi, R Bianco, P Patel, AD Mehta, JL Herrero, ... Elife 9, e51784 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 160
Multiway canonical correlation analysis of brain data A de Cheveigné, GM Di Liberto, D Arzounian, DDE Wong, J Hjortkjær, ... neuroimage 186, 728-740 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 117
DASH: Dynamic Approach for Switching Heuristics YM G Di Liberto, S Kadioglu, K Leo, B O'Sullivan, M Fischetti Citations: 102
Dissociable electrophysiological measures of natural language processing reveal differences in speech comprehension strategy in healthy ageing MP Broderick, GM Di Liberto, AJ Anderson, A Rofes, EC Lalor Scientific reports 11 (1), 4963 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 101
Causal cortical dynamics of a predictive enhancement of speech intelligibility GM Di Liberto, EC Lalor, RE Millman Neuroimage 166, 247-258 , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 97
Cortical measures of phoneme-level speech encoding correlate with the perceived clarity of natural speech GM Di Liberto, MJ Crosse, EC Lalor eneuro 5 (2) , 2018 2018.0 Citations: 83
Low-frequency cortical responses to natural speech reflect probabilistic phonotactics GM Di Liberto, D Wong, GA Melnik, A de Cheveigné Neuroimage 196, 237-247 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 81
Indexing cortical entrainment to natural speech at the phonemic level: Methodological considerations for applied research GM Di Liberto, EC Lalor Hearing research 348, 70-77 , 2017 2017.0 Citations: 81
Visual cortical entrainment to motion and categorical speech features during silent lipreading AE O’Sullivan, MJ Crosse, GM Di Liberto, EC Lalor Frontiers in human neuroscience 10, 679 , 2017 2017.0 Citations: 76
Neural representation of linguistic feature hierarchy reflects second-language proficiency GM Di Liberto, J Nie, J Yeaton, B Khalighinejad, SA Shamma, ... NeuroImage 227, 117586 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 74
The music of silence: part I: responses to musical imagery encode melodic expectations and acoustics G Marion, GM Di Liberto, SA Shamma Journal of Neuroscience 41 (35), 7435-7448 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 66
