Dr. Raghavendra Kumar gunda
@nips.edu.in
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics
Narasaraopeta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacy
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Raghavendra K. Gunda, , Naga Suresh K. Jujjuru, Vijayalakshmi A., Prathap M., and Koteswararao G. S. N
Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association (IDMA)
The purpose of the current experimental research was to optimize the quantities of macromolecules such as Eudragit L/100-55 and HPMC-K-100M for the development of extended release tablets of divalproex sodium, an anti-convulsant or epileptic agent used in the effective management of bipolar disorders, mania, seizures, convulsions, tremors/epilepsy. Divalproex sodium ER tablets were formulated with the help of Eudragit L/100-55 and HPMC-K-100M in variable compositions and variable amounts as per 32 factorial design technique. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Quantities of polymers required for exhibiting extended release of active agent from the tablet were chosen as independent variables, in similar manner time required for drug release was chosen as dependent variable (t10%, t50%, t75%, t90%). Nine formulations were created in accordance with the plan, formulated, and tested for quality control criteria. It is obvious from the data that all formulations exceed the compendial restrictions. Kinetic parameters were established, and the data from the dissolution investigation suited kinetic models very well. For the responses, polynomial equations were created and validated. The optimum formulation of SOD5, which contains 31.25 mg of Eudragit L/100-55 & 31.25 mg of HPMCK-100M, exhibits resemblance to the commercial product of f2=85.91 and f1=2.25 (DIVALEX). SOD5 is made in a zero-order fashion, and the mechanism of drug release was found to be non - Fickian in nature (n = 0.645)
Jagadeeshwar Kolguri, Subhakara Rapaka, Rajasekhar Alavala, Koteswara GSN, Shireesha Boyapati, and Raghavendra Gunda
Egypts Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research
Raghavendra Kumar GUNDA, Prasada Rao MANCHINENI, DDhachinamoorthi DURAISWAMY, and Koteswara Rao GSN
Galenos Yayinevi
Objectives
The objective of the current study was to develop an extended release (XR) tablet formulation for ranolazine using Eudragit L 100-55 and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K100M in an appropriate composition. Ranolazine, an anti-anginal agent, is mainly used for treating chronic stable angina pectoris. The main advantage of this drug that it exhibits anti-ischemic effect, which was not influenced by either blood pressure or heart rate.
Materials and Methods
XR tablets of ranolazine were prepared using variable amounts of Eudragit L 100-55 and HPMC K100M in various proportions as per 32 factorial design by direct compression technique. The amount of polymers with desired sustained drug release was labeled as factors. On other hand, time taken for drug dissolution was labeled as responses (t10%, t50%, t75%, t90%).
Results
Nine formulations were obtained as per design, developed, and evaluated for quality control parameters. The obtained results clear that all formulations pass the compendial limits. Data obtained from the dissolution study fitted well to kinetic modeling and kinetic parameters were determined. Polynomial equations were derived for responses and checked for validity.
Conclusion
RF5 composed of 31.25 mg of Eudragit L 100-55 and 31.25 mg of HPMC K100M, is the best formulation showing similarity f2: 85.78, f1: 2.32 with the marketed product (RANEXA). Formulation RF5 follows zero order, whereas the release mechanism was found to be non-fickian type (n= 0.65).
A Venkata Satya Madhulatha, E Susithra, and Raghavendra Kumar Gunda
EManuscript Technologies
Nanotechnology is a versatile evolving field today. The importance of nanoparticles reaches high in diagnostics, medicine, or pharmaceuticals for drug delivery. Among all the different nanoparticles, Magnetic nanoparticles are novel, easily prepared, and have many biomedical applications. The specific character of Magnetic nanoparticles shows various applications like a diagnosis of diseases, targeted drug delivery, and cancer therapy. An overview of this topic includes all about the history, advantages, disadvantages, preparation methods, and biomedical applications of Magnetic nanoparticles. It also focuses on the overall information of Magnetic nanoparticles and their prospective, challenges faced in the delivery of drugs have also been discussed.
R. Gunda and A. Vijayalakshmi
The purpose of present research work is to develop gastro retentive formulation for Moxifloxacin using various release retardants. Moxifloxacin, novel synthetic fluoro quinolone, antibacterial agent. Floating tablets of Moxifloxacin. HCl were prepared using variable amounts of HPMCK4M, HPMCK15M and HPMCK100M with effervescent mixtures by direct compression technique. Totally 9 formulations were designed, prepared and are evaluated for various pharmacopoeial tests like uniformity of weight, thickness, Hardness, friability, floating lag time, Total floating time. Drug release profiles of formulation trails subjected to kinetic modeling. Parameters like correlation coefficient(r), slope(b), intercept(a) were determined. The results reveals that floating lag time decreases with decreased viscosity of polymer composites. According to SUPAC guidelines formulation (F4) containing 12.5% HPMCK15M was found to be most identical formulation (similarity factor f2= 70.997, dissimilarity factor f1= 6.007 to marketed product (AVELOX) . Trail F4 drug release found to be First order kinetics, Non-Fickian Diffusion Anomalous Transport. (n= 1.065).
Raghavendra Kumar GUNDA and Prasada Rao MANCHINENI
Galenos Yayinevi
Objectives: The objective of the current study was to formulate a sustained release (SR) formulation for pravastatin. Pravastatin is a lipid lowering, biopharmaceutical classification class-III agent. Materials and Methods: SR tablets of pravastatin were prepared using variable amounts of hydroxy methyl propyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose in various proportions by direct compression in a 32 factorial design. The amounts of the polymers HPMC K4M and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose required to obtain prolonged release of drug were chosen as independent variables, X1 and X2, respectively, whereas times taken for 10%, 50%, 75%, and 90% drug release were chosen as dependent variables. Results: Nine formulations were developed and were checked using pharmacopoeial tests. The results showed that all the factorial batches were within the standard limits. The dissolution parameters of all formulations were subjected to kinetic fitting and various statistical parameters were determined. Polynomial equations were developed and verified for dependent variables. Formulation F5, containing 25 mg of HPMC K4M and 25 mg of sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, was the formulation most similar (similarity factor f2=89.559, difference factor f1=1.546) to the marketed product (Pravachol). Conclusion: The best formulation (F5) follows Higuchi’s kinetics and non-Fickian diffusion zero order kinetics (n=1.083).
Raghavendra Kumar Gunda, A. Vijayalakshmi, and K. Masilamani
A and V Publications
The objective of current study is to develop gastro retentive formulation for Moxifloxacin. HCl using various drug release modifiers and performing In-vitro, In-vivo evaluations. Moxifloxacin, novel synthetic fluoro quinolone, antibacterial agent. Floating, Muco Adhesive tablets of Moxifloxacin. HCl were prepared using variable amounts of HPMCK100M, Lannea coromandelica gum (LCG) by direct compression technique, Wet Granulation technique respectively. Amount of release modifiers required to obtain the prolonged release of drug shows impact on objective of the study. Formulations were developed and are checked for pharmacopoeial tests. Results shows that all the formulations were lie within the standard limits. Dissolution parameters of all formulations were subjected to kinetic fitting, various statistical parameters were determined. Formulation GRSOF containing 50mg of HPMCK100M and 50mg of LCG, is the best formulation showing similarity f2=71.734, f1=4.271 with the marketed product (AVELOX). It follows Higuchi’s kinetics, Non-Fickian Diffusion first order kinetics (n= 0.717). In-vivo studies were performed for the GRSOF with 6 healthy rabbits and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, compared with AVELOX and found that GRSOF produced similar results. GRSOF expected to improve patient compliance by means of providing good clinical outcome.
Raghavendra Kumar Gunda and Arumugam Vijayalakshmi
EManuscript Technologies
Objective: The purpose of present research work is to develop gastro retentive formulation for Moxifloxacin using various drug release modifiers. Moxifloxacin, novel synthetic fluoro quinolone, antibacterial agent. Methods: SR granules were prepared by gastro retentive tablets of Moxifloxacin. HCl were prepared using variable amounts of HPMCK100M, Lannea coromandelica gum (LCG) by moist granulation technique. Totally 10 SR granule formulations were prepared and subjected to precompression analysis and drug release profiles. Based on the results screening of concentrations for polymers and are used for Tablet formulations. Six tablet formulations were designed and are evaluated for various pharmacopoeial tests. Drug release profiles of formulation trails subjected to kinetic modeling. a,b,r were determined. Results: The results reveals that retention time decreases with decreased viscosity of polymer. F16 prepared with LCG was found to have highest swelling property. High bioadhesive strength of the formulation is likely to increase its GI residence time. Lannea coromandelica gum powder needs to explored as a sustain release material at commercial scale.
Gopi B, Sushmitha C, Nikitha Ksv, Monika M, Raghavendra Kumar Gunda, Satyanarayana V, and Suresh Kumar Jn
Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd
Objective: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities worldwide. Cost-effectiveness analysis helps identify neglected opportunities by highlighting interventions that are relatively inexpensive, yet have the potential to reduce the disease burden substantially. In India, there are wide social and economic disparities. Socioeconomic environment influences occupation, lifestyle, and nutrition of social classes which in turn would influence the prevalence and profile of stroke. By reduction of delays in access to hospital and improving provision of affordable treatments can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with stroke in India. This study is designed to measure and compare the costs (resources consumed) and consequences (clinical, economic, and humanistic) of pharmaceutical products and services and their impact on individuals, healthcare systems and society.Methods: The purpose of this study is to analyze and conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis for the treatment of stroke in Guntur City Hospitals. The patients were treated either with aspirin or clopidogrel. The health outcomes were measured using Modified Rankin Scale, A prominent risk assessment scale for stroke. The pharmacoeconomic data were computed from the patient data collection forms.Result: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of aspirin and clopidogrel were calculated to be Rs. 8046.2/year.Conclusion: The study concludes that aspirin has the increased socioeconomic impact when compared to Clopidogrel and we can see that the earlier therapy has supported discharge, home-based rehabilitation along with reduced hospital stay and hence preferable.