Manikandan Sundaramahalingam
@tagoremch.edu.in
Professor and Physiology
Tagore Medical College and Hospital
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Stress Physiology and Neuroscience
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
M Vani, DH Gopalan, S Manikandan, V Vijayakumar, and C Swathi Priyadarshini
Loki & Dimas
The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological and hormonal observations in fructose-fed, letrozole-induced polycysticovarian- syndrome (PCOS) rats treated with various doses of extract of asparagus racemosus (EAR) and Steroidal saponin (SAPO). 48 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups, including Vehicle Control (VC); PCOS; EAR 400 mg/kg; SAPO 40 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 200 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 400 mg/kg; PCOS + SAPO 20 mg/ kg; PCOS + SAPO 40 mg/kg. PCOS group was administered letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/kg dissolved in 1% CMC per oral(p.o.) once daily for 28 days. Along with these, rats were allowed free access of 10% fructose solution daily. Calculated dosages of EAR and SAPO were given with oral gavage for 30 days. During experimental period, vaginal smears were collected daily for estrus cycle determination. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. Ovaries were removed to proceed with histopathological study. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. When compared to the vehicle control group, PCOS ovaries had a higher incidence of ovarian cysts, incomplete luteinization, and a lower number of corpus lutea. Although serum estradiol, progesterone, and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower in the PCOS group, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher. The findings of this study indicated that taking EAR 400 mg/kg and SAPO 40mg/kg orally could alleviate PCOS-related symptoms. It appears that consuming SAPO 40mg/kg reduces LH and testosterone levels while increasing FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels. Because of the hormonal balancing nature of these drugs, EAR 400mg/kg- and SAPO 40mg/ kg-treated rats had a lower number of cystic follicles and a higher number of corpora lutea. In PCOS rats, this results in a normal process of folliculogenesis and ovulation. In the current study, we observed that SAPO 40mg/kg is better compared to EAR 400mg/kg treatment.
R. Srihari, K. Dilara, R. Latha and S. Manikandan
Ruvanthika PN and Manikandan S
Receptaculum Nelumbinis, the dried seed pod of Nelumbo nucifera, exhibited good efficacy for improving learning and memory abilities. Earlier, studies revealed that Receptaculum Nelumbinis can exert therapeutic effects in diverse disorders like heart failure, neoplasm via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. In the central nervous system (CNS), Receptaculum Nelumbinis (RN) also has beneficial effects on various disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, and Huntington's disease (HD). RN also enhances memory and cognition ability of rodents in dissimilar pathological conditions, such as stress exposure, diabetes, aging and high-fat diet (HFD). The effect of noise stress on exploratory, locomotor, and anxiolytic activity in the open-field behavior (OFB) test and the effect of drug RN and active component quercetin, a flavonoid isolated from seedpod in overcoming these changes. Optimistically, getting a vibrant impression concerning the role of RN in the CNS, the present paper summarizes and discusses the pharmacological effects of RN as well as its possible mechanisms in CNS disorder prevention and or therapy.
Ruvanthika PN, Manikandan S and Vishnu Priya V
Stress is an unavoidable phenomenon which disturbs the physiological homeostasis. Noise is the highest encountered stressor that affects the well-being of mankind. Hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory is highly influenced by stress and thereby deteriorates memory. Male albino Wistar rats of 11-12 weeks were used in this study. Nelumbo nucifera (NNE) 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) and its active principle Quercetin (QRCT) (40 mg/kg bw) were administered orally to the animals 10 days before noise stress exposure of (100dB 4h/d). Ability to retain information by Learning and spatial memory was assessed using eight-arm radial maze apparatus. It was observed that after noise stress exposure errors in working, reference memory and time period to move into all baited arms were increased; however, the drug pre-treated animals showed a decrease in all the above parameters. The observations in the present work have proved that NNE and QRCT groups were effective in ameliorating the noise stress-induced changes, but the active component quercetin group had a higher protective impact on the changes.
S. A, S. S, M. S., R. C and S. S.
Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the cognitive impairment due to excessive consumption of alcohol and memory enhancement action of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (AEGGL) and diosmetin (Dm).Methods: In this study, 36 adult male Wistar rats were divided into the six groups (n=6) and eight-arm radial maze, narrow beam test, and open field behavior parameters were assessed on day 1, 10, and 21. After the 21 days of experiment, animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) estimation. We have also analyzed the morphology of CA3 region of the hippocampus.Results: The results of this study suggested that AEGGL and Dm treatment could be the potential drugs for ethanol-induced cognitive impairment.Conclusion: Ethanol-induced cognitive impairment was recovered by AEGGL and Dm treatment, we suggested that this might be due to anticholinesterase activity and increased synthesis of BDNF levels in the brain. Further, researches are warranted to understand the exact mechanism of action of drugs.
Manikandan Sundaramah, Srikumar Ramasundar, Sheela Devi Rathinasam, Ruvanthika Pulipakkam, and Thangam Somasundar
Science Alert
Stress is a condition or stimulus that threatens an organism's survival. Noise is an environmental stressor. It is well known that long term as well as acute exposure to noise led to oxidative stress. In the present study, it was investigated that the persistence of noise stress (100 dBA/4 h/d for 30 days) could cause memory impairment in rats and whether ethylacetate extract of AC EAAC (50 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) and alpha-Asarone (9 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). treatment can prevent or not. In order to understand the possible mechanism behind it, antioxidant status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in hippocampus was evaluated after rats were tested in Radial Eight-arm Maze (RAM). Heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) expression in hippocampus was also evaluated to understand the intensity of stress level. Results showed that after noise stress exposure, time taken to visit all the baited arms, working and reference memory errors were increased in RAM. The superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, AChE activity, hsp 70 were significantly increased with concomitant decrease in catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and G6PD activity of non-enzymatic levels was observed in the 30 days noise stress exposed group. When rats were co-administrated with EAAC and alpha-Asarone prevents the noise stress induced alterations significantly. In Conclusion, noise stress induced oxidative stress, increased AChE activity, and over expression of hsp 70 in hippocampus region might have led to the impairment of spatial memory. EAAC and alpha-Asarone prevents this noise stress induced memory impairment.
S. Dhanalakshmi, R. S. Devi, R. Srikumar, S. Manikandan and R. Thangaraj
Stress is one of the basic factors in the etiology of number of diseases. Cold-stress occurs when the surrounding temperature drops below 18 degrees C, the body may not be able to warm itself, and hence serious cold-related illnesses, permanent tissue damage and death may results. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) against the cold stress-induced alterations in the behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in four different groups (saline control, Triphala, cold-stress and Triphala with cold-stress) of Wistar strain albino rats. In this study cold-stress (8 degrees C for 16 h/d/15 days) was applied and the oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the extent of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the changes in corticosterone levels. Upon exposure to the cold-stress, a significant (P<0.05) increase in immobilization with decrease in rearing, grooming, and ambulation behavior was seen in open field. Following cold-exposure, significant increase in the LPO and corticosterone levels was observed. Oral administration of Triphala (1 g/kg/animal body weight) for 48 days significantly prevented these cold stress-induced behavioral and biochemical abnormalities in albino rats. The results of this study suggest that Triphala supplementation can be regarded as a protective drug against stress.
R. Srikumar, N. Jeya Parthasarathy, E. M. Shankar, S. Manikandan, R. Vijayakumar, R. Thangaraj, K. Vijayananth, R. Sheeladevi, and Usha Anand Rao
Wiley
The isolation of microbial agents less susceptible to regular antibiotics and the rising trend in the recovery rates of resistant bacteria highlights the need for newer alternative principles. Triphala has been used in traditional medicine practice against certain diseases such as jaundice, fever, cough, eye diseases etc. In the present study phytochemical (phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid) and antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triphala and its individual components (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) were tested against certain bacterial isolates (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella paratyphi‐B, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi) obtained from HIV infected patients using Kirby‐Bauer's disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. T. chebula was found to possess high phytochemical content followed by T. belerica and E. officinalis in both aqueous and ethanol extracts. Further, most of the bacterial isolates were inhibited by the ethanol and aqueous extracts of T. chebula followed by T. belerica and E. officinalis by both disk diffusion and MIC methods. The present study revealed that both individual and combined aqueous and ethanol extracts of Triphala have antibacterial activity against the bacterial isolates tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R. Rajamani, A. Muthuvel, S. Manikandan, R. Srikumar and R. Sheeladevi
R. Srikumar, N. Parthasarathy, S. Manikandan, A. Muthuvel, R. Rajamani and R. Sheeladevi
Stress is a term that generally has a negative connotation, which results in immune dysfunction. In this study, immunomodulatory effect of Triphala (equal proportion of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis) during noise-stress in male albino rats was evaluated by analyzing the antibody titer, cytokines IL-2-Interleukin (2), IL-4 and IFN-Interferon (gamma) and Pan T, CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype in spleen. Four groups of rat were employed namely control, Triphala (1 g/kg body weight), noise-stress (100 dB/4 hr/15 days), Triphala + noise-stress and rats were immunized with sheep red blood cells (5 × 109 cells/ml). Results indicate that noise-stress induced elevation in the serum antibody titer and IL-4 levels associated with decreased IL-2, IFN-gamma, and reduction in Pan T, CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte phenotype in spleen were significantly prevented in Triphala treated noise-stress exposed group. This study showed the immunomodulatory effect of Triphala during noise-stress and suggests its therapeutic usefulness.
S. Saravanan, R. Srikumar, S. Manikandan, N. Jeya Parthasarathy and R. Sheela Devi
Hypercholesteremia is one of the risk factors for coronary artery disease. The present study highlights the efficacy of Ayurvedic herbal formulation Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica, and Emblica officinalis) on total cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and free fatty acid in experimentally induced hypercholesteremic rats. Four groups of rats were employed namely control, Triphala treated, hypercholesterolemia rats (4% Cholesterol + 1% cholic acid + egg yolk) and Triphala pre-treatment in hypercholesteremic rats. Results showed significant increase in the total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and free fatty acid in hypercholesteremic rats were significantly reduced in Triphala treated hypercholesteremic rats. The data demonstrated that Triphala formulation was associated with hypolipidemic effects on the experimentally induced hypercholesteremic rats.
N. J. Parthasarathy, R. Srikumar, S. Manikandan, G. S. Narayanan and R. S. Devi
Selvakumar Dhanalakshmi, Ramasundaram Srikumar, Sundaramahalingam Manikandan, Narayanaperumal Jeya Parthasarathy, and Rathinasamy Sheela Devi
Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
number of diseases. The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis) during cold-stress. Four groups of albino rats were employed namely control, Triphala, coldstress and Triphala with cold-stress. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the lipid peroxidation (LPO), enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non-enzymatic (Vitamin C) antioxidant status in adrenal tissue and plasma corticosterone level. Following coldexposure (8° ° ° °C for 16 hr/d/15 days), enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were significantly reduced with concomitant increase in LPO and corticosterone levels were observed. Administration of Triphala (1 g/kg/ body weight/48 days) significantly prevents the coldstress-induced oxidative stress and elevation in LPO and corticosterone levels. This study concludes that Triphala supplementation significantly prevents the cold-stress-induced oxidative stress may due to its antioxidant properties.
A. Muthuvel, R. Rajamani, M. Senthilvelan, S. Manikandan, and R. Sheeladevi
Elsevier BV
N. Parthasarathy, Ramasundaram S. Kumar, S. Manikandan, G. S. Narayanan, Raman Kumar and R. S. Devi
S. Manikandan, Moorthy K Padma, R. Srikumar, N. Parthasarathy, A. Muthuvel and R. S. Devi
A. Muthuvel, R. Rajamani, S. Manikandan and R. Sheeladevi
R. Srikumar, N. Parthasarathy, S. Manikandan, G. S. Narayanan and R. Sheeladevi
N. Parthasarathy, Ramasundaram S. Kumar, S. Manikandan and R. S. Devi
Methanol‐Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Lymphoid Organs: Narayanaperumal J. Parthasarathy, et al. Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Dr. ALM. PG. Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, India—Methanol is primarily metabolized by oxidation to formaldehyde and then to formate. These processes are accompanied by formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. This paper reports data on the effect of methanol on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in lymphoid organs such as the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and bone marrow of rats. Male Wistar albino rats were intoxicated with methanol (2.37 g/kg b.w intraperitoneally) for detecting toxicity levels for one day, 15 d and 30 d, respectively. Administration of methanol at 15 and 30 d significantly (p<0.05) increased lipid peroxidation and decreased the enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non‐enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione and vitamin C) in lymphoid organs. However, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants in the acute methanol exposed group animals were found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased. In one day methanol intoxication, the levels of free radicals initially increased, and to remove these free radicals, antioxidants levels were elevated, which generally prevented oxidative cell damage. But in longer periods of intoxication, when the generation of reactive free radicals overwhelmed the antioxidant defense, lipid peroxidation increased. Further, decreased antioxidants in 15 and 30 d methanol intoxication may have been due to overutilization of non‐enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants to scavenge the products of lipid peroxidation. In addition, the liver and kidney markers of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea and creatinine significantly increased. This study concludes that exposure to methanol causes oxidative stress by altering the oxidant/antioxidant balance in lymphoid organs of the rat.