Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: from pathophysiology to risk prediction and prevention strategies Pooja Anjanappa, Sunita Kularia, Yogendra Shrestha Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 2026 Concerns regarding contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) remain significant due to the increasing use of iodinated contrast agents (ICM) in diagnostic and medical procedures. Although the frequency of CI-AKI has decreased over the decades, it continues to be a major cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney damage, thereby elevating the risk of mortality, morbidity, and prolonged hospital stays. The complex pathophysiology of CI-AKI involves vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, renal medullary hypoxia, inflammatory responses, and direct tubular toxicity. Recent discoveries have identified ferroptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as additional mechanisms contributing to endothelial and tubular damage. Furthermore, microRNAs such as miR-30c, miR-21, and miR-141-3p have emerged as preliminary biomarkers and therapeutic targets due to their regulatory effects on cellular apoptosis and inflammatory pathways. Procedural controversies persist regarding the risk differences between intravenous and intra-arterial contrast administration; however, evidence suggests that patient comorbidities and procedural complexity, rather than the route of administration alone, determine the risk of CI-AKI. Risk stratification tools, such as the Mehran and ACEF scores, provide frameworks for identifying high-risk patients and guiding preventive strategies. This review integrates an understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CI-AKI, clarifies procedural debates, and highlights emerging biomarkers and risk models.
The rise in antimicrobial resistance: An obscure issue in COVID-19 treatment Yogendra Shrestha, Ravi Kurikempannadoddi Shivalingegowda, Melkote Jyotiprakash Avinash, Sharath Babu Hagalahalli Kenchegowda, Jeet Bahadur Moktan, Sreenivas Murthy Doddasamiah, Ramesh Mahadev Tambat, Deepanjali Girish Golshetty, Vakkalagadda Siva Ganesh, Rajesh Venkataraman Plos Global Public Health, 2022 A saturated health care system with a lack of evidence-based antiviral medicine and ignorance of antimicrobial stewardship during pandemics has prompted clinicians to prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic more often. A prospective, cross-sectional study of COVID-infected patients was conducted to gain insight into antibiotic prescribing practices and their impact on antimicrobial resistance. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. 318 patients met the study’s inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 46 years and 55% (175) of them being males. Antibiotics were prescribed for 93.72% (209) of mild cases, 92.45% (49) of moderate cases, 96.15% (25) of severe cases, and 100% (16) of critical cases of COVID-19. A total of 95 samples were sent in for culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing, with 58.95% (56) confirming growth. The majority of the growth was found to contain E. coli (14). In 54.9% of cases, antibiotics with less than 50% sensitivity to curing bacterial infection were detected. In the study, we found that antibiotics were being used unnecessarily in excessive quantities and that more than half of the antibiotics were less sensitive to isolated bacteria.
Hypermagnesemia in critically ill patients with cancer: A case report Vijay Krupesh, Hrishi Varayathu, Vinu Sarathy, Gogana Rao, Yogendra Shrestha, Radheshyam Naik Molecular and Clinical Oncology, 2021 Hypermagnesemia is often an under reported finding in critically ill patients with cancer. Hypomagnesemia is a commonly encountered electrolyte abnormality in patients with cancer that is primarily caused by a reduced intake, secondary to chemotherapeutic drugs and malnutrition. Hypermagnesemia is rarely observed in patients with normal renal function, as excess intake can be compensated by renal excretion. However, in critically ill patients with reduced renal function, hypermagnesemia can add further to complications and increase mortality. Drugs such as lactulose, antacids, fentanyl and peptide hormones, including vasopressin, can further increase chances of hypermagnesemia, particularly when patients demonstrate decreased renal function and multiple organ failure. Prudence and caution must therefore be exercised while using these agents in critically ill patients with cancer to avoid increased complications and mortality. Herein, the current study reports three cases of critically ill patients with cancer admitted into intensive care who had refractory hypermagnesemia.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A rare case of nephrotic syndrome and arterial thrombosis following long-term rifampicin therapy. P Anjanappa, Y Shrestha Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , 2026 2026
A rare case of nephrotic syndrome and arterial thrombosis following long-term rifampicin therapy S Kumar Basattikoppalu Puttegowda, P Anjanappa, ... Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1-4 , 2026 2026
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: from pathophysiology to risk prediction and prevention strategies P Anjanappa, S Kularia, Y Shrestha Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology , 2026 2026
Challenges and Strategies for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in India: Insights from Multiple Stakeholders. Y Shrestha, S Kularia, P Doddasamiah, T Devarasan, V Thennarasi, ... Journal of Young Pharmacists 17 (3), 192-195 , 2025 2025
Exploring the Interplay: COVID-19 Vaccination's Influence on Long-term Symptoms and Quality of Life in Post-COVID Recovery. Y Shrestha, K Jain, P Doddasamiah, S Joseph, R Venkataraman Journal of Young Pharmacists 16 (4) , 2024 2024
Pediatric Neem powder poisoning: a report of two cases and a review of toxicity mechanisms Y Shrestha, K Jain, P Anjanappa, L Deva, H Karimanal JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHARMACEUTICAL AND ALLIED SCIENCES 13 (4), 6709-6712 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
The prevalence of post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome and quality of life among COVID-19-vaccinated individuals Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman Vacunas 25 (1), 7-18 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population R Venkataraman, U Yadav, Y Shrestha, S Narayanaswamy, ... Vacunas (English Edition) 24 (2), 128-134 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
Detection of pathogenic microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance in fish from Mandya, India R Venkataraman, JB Moktan, DG Venkatesha, Y Shrestha 2023 Citations: 2
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria detected in poultry products in Mandya, India JB Moktan, R Venkataraman, Y Shrestha Archives of Pharmacy Practice 14 (1-2023), 35-39 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Vaccination strategies to combat nosocomial infections R Venkataraman, U Yadav, RK Shivalingegowda, Y Shrestha Vacunas 24 (1), 60-67 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
The prevalence of inverse health consequences of COVID-19 vaccines: a post-vaccination study Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman Vacunas 23, S67-S76 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
The rise in antimicrobial resistance: An obscure issue in COVID-19 treatment Y Shrestha, RK Shivalingegowda, MJ Avinash, SBH Kenchegowda, ... PLOS Global Public Health 2 (7), e0000641 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
The association of medication complexity with COVID-19 severity and its impact on pharmacotherapy evaluation Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman, JB Moktan, S Mallikarjuna, SS Narayan, ... J Young Pharm 14 (3), 323-6 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
Type I second branchial cleft cyst in an adult patient RM Tambat, NA Golasangi, Y Shrestha, JB Moktan International Surgery Journal 8 (10), 3217-3219 , 2021 2021
Surgical intervention as a curative major for secondary hypertension RM Tambat, V Narasimhaiah, MD Collin, NY Sannappanavar, N Kumar, ... International Surgery Journal 8 (8), 2480-2483 , 2021 2021
Patient's Rights and It's Ground Reality-A Review Article. R CHITTI, R VENKATARAMAN, Y SHRESTHA, JB MOKTAN, SK YADAV, ... International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (09752366) 13 (3) , 2021 2021
Identification and evaluation of Antibiotic resistance in community setting through food and medical waste. JB MOKTAN, R VENKATARAMAN, R CHITTI, Y SHRESTHA, SK YADAV, ... International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (09752366) 13 (3) , 2021 2021
Study on Assessment of Polypharmacy and Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rural Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital. R CHITTI, M KUMARASWAMY, R VENKATARAMAN, JB MOKTAN, ... International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (09752366) 13 (3) , 2021 2021
Hypermagnesemia in critically ill patients with cancer: A case report VR Krupesh, H Varayathu, V Sarathy, GP Rao, Y Shrestha, R Naik Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14 (6), 123 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The prevalence of post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome and quality of life among COVID-19-vaccinated individuals Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman Vacunas 25 (1), 7-18 , 2024 2024 Citations: 18
Vaccination strategies to combat nosocomial infections R Venkataraman, U Yadav, RK Shivalingegowda, Y Shrestha Vacunas 24 (1), 60-67 , 2023 2023 Citations: 16
Knowledge and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among India's general rural population R Venkataraman, U Yadav, Y Shrestha, S Narayanaswamy, ... Vacunas (English Edition) 24 (2), 128-134 , 2023 2023 Citations: 13
COVID-19 vaccine authorized in India-a mini review Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman, JB Moktan, R Chitti, SK Yadav Available at SSRN 3836545 , 2021 2021 Citations: 12
The prevalence of inverse health consequences of COVID-19 vaccines: a post-vaccination study Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman Vacunas 23, S67-S76 , 2022 2022 Citations: 11
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria detected in poultry products in Mandya, India JB Moktan, R Venkataraman, Y Shrestha Archives of Pharmacy Practice 14 (1-2023), 35-39 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
The association of medication complexity with COVID-19 severity and its impact on pharmacotherapy evaluation Y Shrestha, R Venkataraman, JB Moktan, S Mallikarjuna, SS Narayan, ... J Young Pharm 14 (3), 323-6 , 2022 2022 Citations: 9
The rise in antimicrobial resistance: An obscure issue in COVID-19 treatment Y Shrestha, RK Shivalingegowda, MJ Avinash, SBH Kenchegowda, ... PLOS Global Public Health 2 (7), e0000641 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
Hypermagnesemia in critically ill patients with cancer: A case report VR Krupesh, H Varayathu, V Sarathy, GP Rao, Y Shrestha, R Naik Molecular and Clinical Oncology 14 (6), 123 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Pediatric Neem powder poisoning: a report of two cases and a review of toxicity mechanisms Y Shrestha, K Jain, P Anjanappa, L Deva, H Karimanal JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHARMACEUTICAL AND ALLIED SCIENCES 13 (4), 6709-6712 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Detection of pathogenic microorganisms and their antibiotic resistance in fish from Mandya, India R Venkataraman, JB Moktan, DG Venkatesha, Y Shrestha 2023 Citations: 2
A study on patients behavior towards product information leaflets at basaveshwar teaching and general hospital JB Moktan International journal of pharmaceutics and drug analysis , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Perinatal and post-partum care from early pregnancy to postpartum period SK Yadav, R Venkataraman, Y Shrestha Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
A rare case of nephrotic syndrome and arterial thrombosis following long-term rifampicin therapy. P Anjanappa, Y Shrestha Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift , 2026 2026
A rare case of nephrotic syndrome and arterial thrombosis following long-term rifampicin therapy S Kumar Basattikoppalu Puttegowda, P Anjanappa, ... Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1-4 , 2026 2026
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury: from pathophysiology to risk prediction and prevention strategies P Anjanappa, S Kularia, Y Shrestha Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology , 2026 2026
Challenges and Strategies for Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in India: Insights from Multiple Stakeholders. Y Shrestha, S Kularia, P Doddasamiah, T Devarasan, V Thennarasi, ... Journal of Young Pharmacists 17 (3), 192-195 , 2025 2025
Exploring the Interplay: COVID-19 Vaccination's Influence on Long-term Symptoms and Quality of Life in Post-COVID Recovery. Y Shrestha, K Jain, P Doddasamiah, S Joseph, R Venkataraman Journal of Young Pharmacists 16 (4) , 2024 2024
Type I second branchial cleft cyst in an adult patient RM Tambat, NA Golasangi, Y Shrestha, JB Moktan International Surgery Journal 8 (10), 3217-3219 , 2021 2021
Surgical intervention as a curative major for secondary hypertension RM Tambat, V Narasimhaiah, MD Collin, NY Sannappanavar, N Kumar, ... International Surgery Journal 8 (8), 2480-2483 , 2021 2021