Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency of Broccoli Cultivated Hydroponically on Alternative Solution ABEER Abeer Dawood Salman, Iman Jaber Abdulrasool Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2025 A Field experiment was conducted in Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriah during fall 2019-2020 to study nutrient and water use efficiency of broccoli cultivated hydroponically on alternative solution ABEER. Nested design with three replications adopted in the experiment, each of them included in main plot the first factor, which is gas enrichment (O2 and O3), Then levels of second factor were randomly distributed within each replicate, which included spraying with plants extracts which was Moringa leaves extract and Coconut water at two concentrations 2, 4 %and 50, 100 ml. L−1 for each of them symbolized as T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively, As well as control treatment T0. The results showed oxygen enrichment and T2 increase most parameters (N, K%, Dry weight of the plant, ratio of dry weight of roots to shoot, plant yield, the use efficiency of N, P, k and fertilizer productivity), reaching 4.550, 3.142%, 174.79 g. Plant−1, 5.89, 901.50 g. Plant−1, 16.480, 2.348, 9.156 % and 4.285 kg yield. kg fertilizer, respectively, compared to the control treatment O2T0 (3.530, 2.950 %, 108.57g. Plant−1,4.33, 711.66 g. Plant−1 respectively. We concluded that it is possible to culture the broccoli hydroponically and increase its productivity and fertilizer productivity through spraying with the coconut water 100 ml. L−1 and oxygen enrichment.
ECOFRIENDLY TREATMENTS AND DROUGHT CONDITIONS AS A TOOL FOR THE INDUCTION OF MEDICINALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS ON POTATOES Zainab J. Al-Mousawi, I. J. Abdul Rasool, Aseel M.H. H. Al-Khafaji, F. Y. Baktash, K. D. H. Al-jubouri Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025 This experiment aimed to improve the qualitative traits and stimulate the accumulation of antioxidants in potato plants under environmentally sustainable agricultural practices. A field experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2023 at the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within split-plot arrangement with two factors and three replications (2 × 6 × 3). The first factor involved the application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) at concentrations of 0 and 10 ml·L⁻¹, denoted as (T₀) and (T₁), respectively. The second factor included six treatments as follows: natural irrigation (I), prolonged irrigation (D), biofertilizers under prolonged irrigation (DB), biofertilizers under prolonged irrigation with mannitol (DBM), biofertilizers under prolonged irrigation with xanthan gum (DBZ), and biofertilizers under prolonged irrigation with both mannitol and xanthan gum (DBMZ). The results showed that foliar application of TiO₂-NPs (T₁) led to significant improvements in most of the studied traits. Moreover, the interaction treatment (T₁DBMZ) recorded the highest qualitative and antioxidant traits compared to the prolonged irrigation treatment without any additions (T₀D).
UNRAVELING PROLONGED IRRIGATION INTERVALS AND SOME SUSTAINABLE TREATMENTS ON POTATO STARCH COMPOSITION, GROWTH, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN IRAQ K. D. H. Al-jubouri, I. J. Abdul Rasool, Aseel M.H. H. Al-Khafaji, A. J. Abdulsada, F. Y. Baktash, W. H. Hasoon, Z. J. Al-Mousawi Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2025 The study aimed to reveal the effect of some sustainable treatments under prolonged irrigation intervals on potato plant growth, yield, and starch properties .The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO2-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L-1), which symbolized (T0, T1). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irrigation interval (I) prolonged irrigation interval (D), fungal biofertilizers (DB), fungal biofertilizers + mannitol (DBM), fungal biofertilizers +xanthan (DBZ), fungal biofertilizers + mannitol+ xanthan (DBMZ). Results exhibited the superiority plants that grew under prolonged irrigation periods in amylose percent over regular irrigated plants. In contrast, amylopectin exhibits the opposite behavior. i.e., plant that grew under regular water conditions revealed superiority in amylopectin percent, and that for sole treatments and interactions.
Changes in the Growth and Yield of Broccoli Grown in the Alternative Solution ABEER, Affected by Gas Enrichment and Spraying with Organic Nutrients under the Hydroponic Cultivation System Abeer Dawood Salman, Iman Jaber Abdulrasool Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2024 A Field experiment was conducted in Horticulture and Landscape Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriah during fall 2019-2020 to study changes in the growth and yield of broccoli grown in the alternative solution ABEER, affected by gas enrichment and spraying with coconut water and moringa aqueous extract under the hydroponic cultivation system. Nested design with three replications adopted in the experiment, each of them included in main plot the first factor, which is gas enrichment (O2 and O3), Then levels of second factor were randomly distributed within each replicate, which included spraying with plants extracts which was Coconut water and Moringa leaves extract at two concentrations 50, 100 ml. L-1 and 2, 4 % for each of them symbolized as T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively, As well as control treatment T0. Results showed a significant effect of O2T2 on leaves content of Calcium, Manganese, Zinc, Copper, Boron and Chlorophyll, leaves area, roots length, roots dry weight, Weight of main head and total yield (1.716%, 27.80, 64.80, 64.80, 20.90 mg.Kg-1, 421.1 mg.100g fresh wt.-1, 293.48 dcm2 plant-1, 124.2 cm, 29.67g. plant1, 677.00 g. plant1 and 50.08 t.ha-1 respectively) while O2T3 produced a significant highest values of leaves content of Mg, Fe, leaves number, number and weight of side heads compared to the control treatment O2T0. It could be concluded that it is possible to culture broccoli hydroponically and increase its productivity through oxygen enrichment and spraying with the coconut water at the concentration of 100 ml. L-1 while preserving the environment from pollution.
SPRAYING NANO CHITOSAN LOADED WITH NPK, NETTEL AND GREEN TEA EXTRACTS AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVEMENT POTATO PRODUCTIVITY Z. R. J. AL- Malikshah, Z. R. J. AL- Malikshah, I. J. Abdulrasool Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024 This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of spraying nano chitosan loaded with NPK fertilizer and nettle leaf and green tea extracts on the growth and productivity of potato for the spring and fall seasons of 2021.It was conducted at private farm in Wasit Governorate, Iraq, as a factorial experiment (5 × 5) within randomized complete block design using three replicates. The first factor included spraying with four concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with NPK fertilizer 0, 10. 15 and 20% in addition to chemical fertilization treatment, the second factor was spraying nettle leaf extract 25 and 35 gL-1 and green tea extract with 2 and 4 g.L-1, in addition to the control treatment, spraying with distilled water only. The results showed a significant superiority of the interaction between spraying with Nano chitosan loaded with NPK at a concentration of 15% and spraying green tea extract at a concentration of 4 g L-1 significantly in producing the highest plant height 62.77 and 60.86 cm, number of main stems of the plant 4.45 and 4.36 stem for the both seasons respectively and mean of tuber weight (111.0 g tuber-1) for the spring season which increased the productivity of tuber yield (56.3 and 51.6 in ton ha-1 for both seasons, respectively).
AMELIORATION POTATO PLANT PERFORMANCE UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS IN IRAQ BY USING TITANIUM DIOXIDE, AND BIODEGRADING, BIODEGRADABLE TREATMENTS Aseel M.H. H. Al-Khafaji, Kadhim D. H. Al-jubouri, F. Y. Baktash Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024 This study was aimed to mitigate the issue of drought in potato production and quality using number of sustainable strategies. The experiment carried out at vegetable field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during spring season 2023. The experiment was conducted using split arrangement within Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors and three replicates (2X6X3). Applying TiO2-NPs represented the first factor (main plot) (10 mg.L-1), which symbolized (T0, T1). six treatments were included to represent subplots (regular irrigation interval (I) prolonged irrigation interval (D), fungal biofertilizers (DB), fungal biofertilizers + mannitol (DBM), fungal biofertilizers +xanthan (DBZ), fungal biofertilizers + mannitol+ xanthan (DBMZ). Results showed the superiority of spraying TiO2-NPs in all yield traits. Also the results revealed interaction treatment T1DBMX in producing significant results the entire vegetative growth traits and stress related enzymes concentrations in compare to control treatment T0D.
Response of Growth and Yield of True Potato Seed Plants to Foliar Application with Organic Nutrients M. A. Zainaldeen, I. J. Abdul Rasool Iop Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 2023 The experiment was carried out in the spring season of 2017 in the open fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadriya camps in order to improve the growth and yield of potato plants resulting from the cultivation of true potato seeds of the hybrid BSS-295 by spraying with two organic nutrients. The experiment included two factors: First one was spraying with Megafol nutrient at concentrations 0, 1, 2 and 4 ml l-1 and the second was spraying with Algazone nutrient at concentrations 0, 1.5 and 3 ml l-1, the experiment was applied according to the complete randomized block design with three replications and the averages were compared according to the LSD test 5%. The results indicate that spraying Megafol at a concentration of 4 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (64.60 cm), and plant yield (214 g plant-1). Spraying Algazone at a concentration of 3 ml L-1 led to a significant increase in plant height (56.47 cm), number of total stems (7.07 stem plant-1), leaf area (0.822 m2 plant-1), number of tubers (9.56 tuber plant-1), and the yield of the plant (144.90 g of plant-1). The interaction between Megafol 4 ml L-1 with Algazone 3 ml L-1 gave the highest value of plant height, number of total branches, chlorophyll content of leaves, tuber weight and plant yield (67.17 cm, 9.15 stem, 374.90 mg 100 g-1, 18.77 g. tuber-1, 235.00 g.plant-1 Respectively).
ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND BORON FOLIAR APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF POTATO FOR PROCESSING U. B. SHAKER, I. J. ABDUL RASOOL Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023 This research was carried out at University of Baghdad - College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during the fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021 in order to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and the foliar application of boron on the growth and yield of industrial potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Using factorial experiment (5*4) within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates, the organic fertilizer (palm fronds peat) was applied at four levels (0, 12, 24, and 36 ton ha-1) in addition to the treatment of the recommended of chemical fertilizer. The foliar application of Boron was applied at four concentrations which were 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg (H3Bo3). L-1. The results Revealed a significant increase under the application of organic fertilizer at the level of 24 ton.ha-1 and the foliar application of boron at a concentration of 100 mg. L-1 (O24B100) on plant height, main branches number, and leaves number, which was reflected on the increase of vegetative dry weight and then the yield of potato (63.67 cm and 57.00 cm plant-1), (4.89 and 5.22 stem. plant-1), (66.50, and 55.67 leaf. plant-1), (113.38 and 108.49 g. plant-1), (44.17 and 59.48 ton.ha-1) for both seasons, respectively. It also recorded a Significant differences in the chemical parameters in the leaves, as Chlorophyll reached (265.51 and 203.12 mg.100 g-1 wet weight), N (4.883 and 2.293%), P (0.577 and 0.413%), K (2.467 and 2.660%) and B (65.60 and 63.56 mg. kg-1) for both seasons, respectively.
RESPONSE OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF BROCCOLI TO TYPE OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION UNDER HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH MODIFIED NFT TECHNOLOGY A. D. SALMAN, I. J. ABDUL RASOOL Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023 This study was carried out at the Dept. Hortic. and Land.Gard., Coll. Agric. Eng.Sci., University of Baghdad during fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of nutrient solution type under hydroponic system (NFT) on growth, yield and quality of broccoli Brassica oleracea var.italica. Two experiments were carried out which were the standard solution experiment (Cooper) and the alternative solution experiment (ABEER) prepared from fertilizers. Results revealed that the type of solution used in the hydroponics system had non significant effect on the leaves content of N,K, Mg, Fe, Cu, B, Chlorophyll, leaves number, root length, weight of the main heads, number of side heads were not significantly affected. 13nt, reflected on the productivity under the nutrient solution (45.87 and 44.78 ton ha-1 for the standard and alternative solutions, respectively), While the effect of the alternative solution was recorded a significant increment for each of the leaves percent of phosphorous, manganese and zinc concentration, Number of days until harvest 50% of the plants (0.65%, 23.84,59.56 mg kg-1, 94.74 day respectively ),compared to the standard solution, which recorded a significant increment in the calcium percent in the leaves, plant height, leaves area, shoots dry weight, roots dry weight, shoots: roots dry weight, diameter of the main heads and weight of the side heads. As for the yield quality parameters, Results revealed the type of nutrient solution non significant effect on quality of broccoli. The results could be recommend the alternative solution (ABEER) as a promising nutrient solution in hydroponics system.
EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND BORON FOLIAR ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALTITATIVE TRAITS POTATO FOR PROCESSING U. B. SHAKER, I. J. ABDUL RASOOL Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023 A field experiment was carried out at University of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences during fall season of 2020 and spring season of 2021. This study was aimed evaluate the effect of the organic fertilizer and boron foliar on the yield of potatoes for processing. The factorial experiment (5*4) within RCBD and three replicates. The organic fertilizer as palm peat at four levels (0, 12, 24 and 36 ton. ha-1) in addition to the chemical fertilizer recommendation treatment. Boron at four Concentrations 0, 100, 150 and 200 mg. L-1 . The results revealed significant different among application of organic fertilizer at the level of 24 ton. ha-1 and the foliar application of boron at a concentration of 100 mg. L-1 in the leaves area (105.65 and 159.63 dm2 plant-1 for both seasons, respectively), the tubers number, yield and TSS reached 13.78 tubers. plant-1, 9.27 tubers. plant-1 and 833.3 g. plant-1 1122.2 g. plant-1 and 6.67, 5.43% respectively. While the highest tubers dry weight recorded the significant value at the application of 36 ton. ha-1 with foliar application of boron at 150 mg. L-1 reached 21.30 and 26.02% for both seasons, respectively. Also, starch and the specific density of tubers were increased (14.98 and 19.19%) and (1.085 and 1.108%) for both seasons, respectively.
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