Anti-inflammatory potential of Indonesian marine sponge Theonella sp.: Mechanisms via TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 inhibition Adryan Fristiohady, Idin Sahidin, Taifo Mahmud, La Ode Muh Julian Purnama, Rathapon Asasutjarit, et al. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2025 Inflammation is a complex biological response triggered by harmful stimuli and characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Although steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used, their side effects highlight the need for safer alternatives. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Theonella sp. collected from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches. To our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating the cytokine-modulating effects of Theonella sp. from this region. In vitro study was done using human red blood cell membrane stability and protein denaturation assays, whereas the in vivo study was done using carrageenan-induced paw edema in male Wistar rats. The edema volume was measured using a plethysmometer, and the levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and its molecular docking. The extract stabilized cell membranes, inhibited protein denaturation, and significantly reduced paw edema and cytokine levels, indicating anti-inflammatory potential. Preliminary phytochemical screening identified alkaloids (peptides) and steroids. These findings highlight Theonella sp. as a promising source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.
Effect of Songga Wood Methanol Extract (Strychnos ligustrina) on reducing IL-1β levels and Free radical scavenger by FRAP method Asriullah Jabbar, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Fadhliyah Malik, Nasrudin Nasrudin, Jihan Yasida Azzahra, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2025 Songa Songa wood (Strychnos ligustrida) is one of the endemic plants of Sumbawa island, West Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This plant is widely used by the local community as a tonic, wound medicine, antimalarial, joint pain, diabetes, and anti-inflammatory. One of the causes of inflammation is free radicals. The amount of free radicals causes oxidative stress which can cause inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of free radical Scavenger (FRAP) and the effect of giving methanol extract of songga wood (Strychnos ligustrina) on reducing IL-1β levels (anti-inflammatory) by Elisa method. Methanol extract of songga wood (S. ligustrina) was macerated with methanol (3 x 24hours). The test animals were divided into 6 groups: the normal group, negative control (Na-CMC 0.5%), positive control (Diclofenac sodium), and treatment with 3 dose variations of 50, 100, and 200mg/kgBW. The antioxidant activity test results of songga wood methanol extract IC50 78.05μg/mL and quercetin as a comparative control is 6.72μg/mL. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity test showed the value of IL-1β levels at doses of 50, 100, and 200mg/kgBW, namely 470.30, 205.99 and 135.75pg/mL, respectively. This study concludes that methanol extract of songga wood has strong antioxidant activity and has potential as an anti-inflammatory, with the most effective dose reducing IL-1β levels at 200mg/kgBW (p> 0.05).
Bioactivity Ethanol Extract of Songga Wood (Strychnos ligustrina): Antibacterial, Antifungal and Hepatoprotector Asriullah Jabbar, Nasrudin Nasrudin, Wahyuni Wahyuni, Fadhliyah Malik, Astrid Indalifiany, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2025 Songga wood (Strychnos ligustrina) is one of the plants that has the potential to be developed as a traditional medicine. Empirically, songga wood is a medicinal plant that has long been known and used by the people of West Nusa Tenggara to treat various diseases such as malaria, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, treating wounds, and antimicrobial. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and hepatoprotective activities of ethanol extract of songga wood on Alkalin fosfatase (ALP) and bilirubin levels induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4). Antibacterial activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) and antifungal (C. albicans) with 4 concentrations, namely, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% by microdilution, while hepatoprotector activity is measured by bilirubin and ALP parameters invivo with 6 treatment groups, namely normal control, negative control (Na-CMC), positive control (cavicur 20 mg), and ethanol extract test group doses of 26, 52 and 104 mg/kgBW. The results showed the highest antibacterial and antifungal inhibitory activity at 1%, namely Staphylococcus aereus 84.63%, Escherichia coli 87%, and Candida albicans 84.93%. Hepaprotector activity at doses of 26, 52, and 104mg/kgBW showed ALP levels of 170.2, 153.7, and 118.7U/L, respectively. Furthermore, bilirubin levels were 1.8, 1.7, and 1.5mg/dl, respectively. The study can conclude that the ethanol extract of songga wood has antibacterial, antifungal, and hepatoprotective activities (P<0.05). This study is a reference in the discovery of new drugs sourced from natural materials.
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Lycopene on Xylene-Induced Ear Oedema in Mice and its In-Vitro Evaluation towards Protein Denaturation Adryan Fristiohady, Taifo Mahmud, Nuralifah Nuralifah, Loly Subhiaty Idrus, La Ode M. J. Purnama, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2025 This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lycopene in mice with ear oedema and in vitro activity. In this study, mice were used and performed in vitro anti-inflammatory tests of Lycopene with the HRBC method and protein denaturation. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory assay of Lycopene was also evaluated in xylene-induced right-ear mice. Diclofenac sodium solution was used as a positive control. The results showed that Lycopene provides anti-inflammatory activity in vitro by stabilizing the human red blood cell (HRBC), preventing lysis, and inhibiting protein denaturation with IC50 32.47 μg/ml. In addition, Lycopene also reduced the thickness of xylene-induced oedema in the right ear of mice. Lycopene provides anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting HRBC lysis and protein denaturation and stabilizing HRBC, decreased the thickness of Oedema in the right ear of mice and the TNF-⍺ levels.
Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen Fruits as a Candidate of Immunostimulatory Potential in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection: Analysis of Interleukin-12 and Interferon Gamma Cytokines Esti Badia, Nirwati Rusli, Musdalipah Musdalipah, Apriyanto Apriyanto, Adriatman Rasak, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2025 Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen (E. rubroloba) is traditionally utilized by several ethnic groups in Southeast Sulawesi to treat typhoid fever and enhance immunity. Scientifically, it has been shown to stimulate macrophage phagocytic activity in response to gram-positive bacterial infections. However, its immunostimulatory effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remain unexplored, warranting further investigation for potential tuberculosis (TB) applications. This study aims to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of the ethanol extract of E. rubroloba fruit by assessing interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in a murine model infected with Mtb. An experimental research design was implemented using 24 male mice, which were randomly assigned to six treatment groups: normal control (untreated), negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), positive control (commercial Phyllanthus extract), and three dosage groups of E. rubroloba extract (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally for seven consecutive days, followed by Mtb infection on day eight. IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were measured using the sandwich ELISA technique. The results showed the highest IL-12 and IFN-γ levels in the 400 mg/kg BW extract group, reaching 12.151 ng/mL and 7.28 pg/mL, respectively, while the negative control group exhibited the lowest levels (5.808 ng/mL and 3.08 pg/mL). Statistical analysis with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test indicated that E. rubroloba extracts significantly increased IL-12 and IFN-γ levels compared to controls (p<0.05), supporting its potential as an immunostimulatory agent. These findings suggest that E. rubroloba fruit extract may be further developed as a promising natural immunostimulant for TB management, providing a novel contribution to the scientific understanding of this species.557
Three Antioxidant Diarylheptanoids from Etlingera alba Stems from Southeast Sulawesi Wahyuni Wahyuni, Fadhliyah Malik, Asniar Pascayantri, Adryan Fristiohady, Agung Wibawa Mahatva Yodha, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024 Etlingera is a genus that has the potential as a medicinal plant. Etlingera alba (Blume) A.D. Poulsen is an Etlingera species discovered recently in Southeast Sulawesi. This research describes the isolation and discovery of secondary matabolites from the methanol extract of the stem of Etlingera alba (Blume) A.D. Poulsen and is activity test as an antioxidant. Compounds were isolated using chromatography techniques. Identification of the molecular structure of secondary metabolites was carried out bu spectroscopic techniques. The antioxidant test was carried out using the 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Three diarylheptanoids: yakuchinone A (1), 7-(4”-hydrozy-3”-methoxypheny-1- phenyl-hept-4-en-3-one (2), and oxyphyllacinol (3) have been isolated from the stems of E. alba. Based on the DPPH test, compound 1 showed very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 26.62µg/ml, wile compounds 2 and 3 showed strong activity with IC50 va;ies pf 73-72 and 63.2µg/ml respectively.
Antihyperurisemia Activity of Etanol Extract of Etlingera rubroloba A.D Poulsen Fruits on Uric Acid and Cyclooxygenase-2 Levels In Vivo Asriullah Jabbar, Halik Halik, Fadhliyah Malik, Muhammad Ilyas Y, Jamal Qadar, et al. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2024 Etlingera rubroloba A.D Poulsen (E. rubroloba) plants from the genus Etlingera, empirically used as traditional medicine by several ethnicities in Southeast Sulawesi, namely to increase endurance and relieve joint pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the antihyperuricemia activity on uric acid levels and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels in vivo in mice. This study used six groups of test animals consisting of normal, negative (Na-CMC) 0.5%, positive control (allopurinol) and dose groups of ethanol extract of E. rubroloba fruit 100, 200 and 300 mg/g bw. Modeling of hyperuricemia test animals is done by inducing potassium oxonate. Measurement of uric acid levels by lateral chromatography method and COX-2 levels by ELISA method. The results showed that ethanol extract of E. rubroloba fruit can reduce uric acid and COX-2 levels (p<0.05). The results of the correlation statistical test showed a positive correlation between uric acid levels and COX-2 levels, where the decrease in uric acid levels was directly proportional to the decrease in COX-2 levels. This research can be a reference in the development of traditional medicine, especially anti-hyperuricemia.
Effects of Tectona grandis L. Extract in Diabetic Rats on Nitric Oxide and Malondialdehyde Levels Parawansah ., Nuralifah ., Ruslin ., Nurramadhani Armada Sida, Fadhliyah Malik, et al. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2023 <b>Background and Objective:</b> Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by disturbances in pancreatic β cells resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species which in this study was characterized by increased levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in male Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus models. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Animal modeling of diabetes mellitus using 40 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt. streptozotocin intraperitoneally. The antioxidant activity is based on the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. Determination of nitric oxide and MDA levels using the Griess method and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) Assay, respectively. The animal models were divided into six treatment groups, normal control (KN), positive control (K<sup>+</sup>) (glibenclamide), negative control (K<sup></sup>) (Na-CMC 0.5%), teak leaf ethanol extract group at a dose of D<sub>1</sub> (100 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt.), D<sub>2</sub> (200 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt.) and D<sub>3</sub> (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> b.wt.). <b>Results:</b> The antioxidant activity showed that the IC<sub>50</sub> values of vitamin C and the ethanol extract of <i>Tectona grandis</i> leaves were 18.208 and 62.236 μg mL<sup>1</sup>, respectively. The NO levels in KN = 83.133 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> = 118.300 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, K<sup></sup> = 317.467 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, D<sub>1</sub> = 210.133 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, D<sub>2</sub> = 184.467 μmol L<sup>1</sup> and D<sub>3</sub> = 129.300 μmol L<sup>1</sup>. The MDA levels at KN = 3.767 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> = 8.854 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, K<sup></sup> = 31.032 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, D<sub>1</sub> = 27.010 μmol L<sup>1</sup>, D<sub>2</sub> = 20.166 μmol L<sup>1</sup> and D<sub>3</sub> = 15.512 μmol L<sup>1</sup>. <b>Conclusion:</b> The ethanol extract of teak leaves <i>Tectona grandis</i> L. at a dose of 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> reduces nitric oxide levels and plasma malondialdehyde levels in rats through the activity of antioxidant compounds.
Anti-hyperuricemia Activity of Ethanol Extract of Bajakah Stem (Spatholobus litoralis Haask) on In Vivo Model: Analysis of Uric Acid and Cyclooxygenase-2 Levels A Rasak, N Rusli, A Jabbar, U Rindang, F Malik Window of Health: Jurnal Kesehatan, 257-266 , 2026 2026
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Rimpang Etlingera rubroloba AD Poulsen sebagai Kandidat Imunostimulator terhadap Fagositosis Makrofag dan Sel CD8 R Reymon, A Rasak, B Rubak, A Pascayantri, F Malik, A Jabbar, ... Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 13 (1), 9-16 , 2026 2026
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Phytochemical Profile and In vivo Immunomodulatory Potential of Galing Plant (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) Extract on various Immunological Parameters in Tuberculosis infection. N Rusli, E Badia, A Jabbar, F Malik, S Susanty, LL Basy Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research 10 (1) , 2026 2026
Activity of Ethanol Extract of Songga Wood (Strychnos lucida) as an Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agent Against Bacillus species, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans A Jabbar, F Malik, R Muliadi, A Pascayantri, DM Solo, MWSA Gani, ... Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS 29 (1), 24-32 , 2026 2026
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SOSIALISASI DAN PEMANFAATAN LAHAN DESA UNTUK PENANAMAN TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN IMUNITAS MASYARAKAT DI DESA KONDA SATU SULAWESI TENGGARA S Sahidin, A Sani, GR Sadimantara, F Malik, FN Sadimantara, R Muliadi, ... BESIRU: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2 (12), 1236-1241 , 2025 2025
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA DIGITAL DALAM EDUKASI DAGUSIBU SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN LITERASI OBAT SEJAK DINI BAGI SISWA SMK KESEHATAN MANDONGA KOTA KENDARI A Fristiohady, LS Idrus, SRN Jannah, W Wahyuni, F Malik BESIRU: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2 (11), 1082-1087 , 2025 2025
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Anti-inflammatory potential of Indonesian marine sponge Theonella sp.: Mechanisms via TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 inhibition A Fristiohady, I Sahidin, T Mahmud, LOMJ Purnama, R Asasutjarit, F Malik, ... Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 15 (12), 079-092 , 2025 2025
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Pembuatan Minuman Herbal Penambah Imunitas dan Lotion Anti-Nyamuk Sebagai Pencegahan DBD di Desa Sindang Kasih S Sahidin, IGR Sadimantara, F Malik, FN Sadimantara, R Muliadi Jurnal Abdi dan Dedikasi kepada Masyarakat Indonesia 3 (2), 97-111 , 2025 2025
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Literature Review: Kajian Aktivitas Farmakologi Tumbuhan Galing (Cayratia Trifolia L. Domin.) sebagai Agen Imunomodulator Potensial E Badia, A Jabbar, H Halik, N Nasrudin, F Malik, SR Salem, M Mubarak, ... EMPIRIS: Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Kesehatan 2 (2), 215-229 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Effect of Songga Wood Methanol Extract (Strychnos ligustrina) on reducing IL-1ꞵ levels and Free radical scavenger by FRAP method A Jabbar, F Malik, JY Azzahra, MY Ilyas, H Hamzah, SUT Pratiwi Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 18 (6), 2620-2626 , 2025 2025
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MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Formulation of cream body scrub from ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta) as antioxidant F Malik, S Suryani, S Ihsan, E Meilany, R Hamsidi Journal of Vocational Health Studies 4 (1), 21-28 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 32
Efek imunomodulator ekstrak etanol spons Melophlus sarasinorum terhadap aktivitas fagositosis sel makrofag pada mencit jantan Balb/C I Yusuf Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 31
Hepatoprotective activity of etlingera elatior (jack) RM Smith extract against CCl4-induced hepatic toxicity in male wistar rats A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, MI Yusuf, F Malik, LOMJ Purnama, M Bafadal, ... Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13 (10), 4585-4590 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 28
Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Xestospongia Sp. Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, F Malik, M Leorita, MI Yusuf, H Febriansyah, ... Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia 5 (01), 15-30 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 26
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Marine sponge callyspongia sp. and Its acute Toxicity A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, F Malik, L Purnama, B Sadarun, I Sahidin Asian J Pharm Clin Res 12 (12), 97-100 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 24
Edukasi penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat desa leppe kecamatan soropia kabupaten konawe A Jabbar, F Malik, N Trinovitasari, B Saputra, C Fauziyah, FF Haming, ... Mosiraha: Jurnal Pengabdian Farmasi 1 (1), 25-30 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 22
Effects of Indonesian marine sponges ethanol extracts on the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats W Wahyuni, A Fristiohady, MH Malaka, F Malik, MI Yusuf, M Leorita, ... Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9 (10), 001-008 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 20
Isolation and identification of secondary metabolite acetone extract Aaptos sp. and its antioxidant properties and acute toxicity A Fristiohady, B Sadarun, W Wahyuni, MH Malaka, F Ahmad, F Malik, ... Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 10 (6), 081-089 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 19
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract Stem of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen. A Jabbar, I Sahidin, SA Monstavevi, MH Malaka, F Malik, YM Ilyas Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences: PJBS 25 (10), 885-891 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 17
Nephroprotective effect of extract etlingera elatior (jack) RM Smith on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in rats A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, M Bafadal, LOMJ Purnama, F Sangadji, ... Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology 1 (2), 62-65 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 15
Level of cytokine interleukin-6 and interleukin 1-β on infectious rat model treated with etlingera elatior (jack) RM Smith fruit extract as immunomodulator A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, F Malik, MI Yusuf, WO Salma, R Hamsidi, ... Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 3 (2), 52-57 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 12
Edukasi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), Gerakan Menggunakan Masker (GEMAS), serta penggunaan antiseptik dan desinfektan di Desa La Nipa Nipa, Kecamatan Katoi, Kolaka … F Malik, M Bafadal Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1 (3) , 0 Citations: 12
Aktivitas Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Buah Etlingera rubroloba AD Poulsen Terhadap Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar F Malik, M Bafadal, D Munasari, R Andriani, MI Yusuf, S Sahidin, ... Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia 8 (1), 96-112 , 2022 2022.0 Citations: 10
Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines by Etlingera alba (A.D.) Poulsen Rhizome Extract and Its Antibacterial Properties R Hamsidi, W Wahyuni, I Sahidin, E Apriyani, H Harsono, NA Azizah, ... Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021 (1), 5570073 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 10
Pancreatic histological profile on the efficacy of extract of etlingera calophrys (K. schum) AD poulsen stem against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in diabetic model rats A Fristiohady, M Leorita, F Malik Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 11 (2), 9209-9217 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 9
Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of sinapyl alcohol diacetate and stigmasterol compounds and phytochemical screening stem of Etlingera A Jabbar, I Sahidin, F Malik, MY Ilyas, N Rusli, R Apriyanto, J Qadar Food Res 7 (4), 101-105 , 2023 2023.0 Citations: 8
FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM BODY SCRUB DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SINGKONG (MANIHOT ESCULENTA) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN Fadhliyah F Malik, S Suryani, S Ihsan, E Meilany, R Hamsidi J Vocat Heal Stud 4 (1), 21 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 8
Pharmacological activity of compounds isolated from methanolic extract marine sponge xestospongia sp. against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus A Fristiohady, Wahyuni, B Sadarun, M Bafadal, R Andriani, L Purnama, ... Journal Of Physics: Conference Series 1899 (1), 012048 , 2021 2021.0 Citations: 7
In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of etlingera elatior (jack) RM Smith by RBC membrane stabilization method A Fristiohady, W Wahyuni, F Malik, N Fariane, Y Ilyas, M Bafadal Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia 18 (2), 150-157 , 2020 2020.0 Citations: 7
Immunomodulatory Effects of Ethanol Extract of Melophlus sarasinorum Sponge Against Phagocytosis Activity of Macrophage Cells on Balb/C Male Mice W Wahyuni, MI Yusuf, F Malik, AF Lubis, A Indalifiany, I Sahidin Galenika Journal of Pharmacy 5 (2), 147-157 , 2019 2019.0 Citations: 7