Dr.G.Kiruthiga

@avinuty.ac.in

Assistant Professor in Physics
Avinashilingam Institute For Home Science and Higher Education For Women

Dr.G.Kiruthiga


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https://researchid.co/gkiruthiga

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Materials Science, Radiation, Condensed Matter Physics
14

Scopus Publications

200

Scholar Citations

8

Scholar h-index

6

Scholar i10-index

Scopus Publications

  • Development of Zn1−xSnxO and Mg1−xSnxO transparent conducting oxide thin films for perovskite solar cell applications
    G. Kiruthiga, M. Sathish Kumar, T. Raguram, Arun Prasad Murali, Chandini Ragumoorthy, Rakesh Kumar, Jayant Giri, Faruq Mohammad, Ahmed A. Soleiman, Islom Kadirov
    Scientific Reports, 2026
    Zinc-doped tin oxide (ZTO) and magnesium-doped tin oxide (MTO) transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films were synthesized using the atomizer spray pyrolysis method and annealed at 450 °C for application as front electrodes in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The precursor molar ratio was varied from 0.1:0.1 to 0.1:0.5 (Zn/Mg:Sn), resulting in film thicknesses ranging from 210 to 513 nm for ZTO and 243 to 688 nm for MTO after annealing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed improved crystallinity with increased crystallite size after annealing. Optical studies revealed high transmittance of ~ 76–80% in the visible region. The optical bandgap decreased after annealing, from 3.85 to 3.67 eV for ZTO and from 3.82 to 3.40 eV for MTO. Hall effect measurements confirmed n-type conductivity with enhanced electrical performance at higher molar concentrations. The optimized MTO film exhibited a maximum carrier concentration of 2.78 × 10 20 cm −3 , mobility of 31.56 cm 2 /V s, and low resistivity of 1.89 × 10 −4 Ω cm. Photovoltaic devices fabricated using annealed ZTO and MTO substrates achieved power conversion efficiencies of 3.45% and 6.38%, respectively. The improved device performance of MTO-based PSCs is attributed to its higher conductivity and optical transparency, demonstrating its potential as an alternative cost-effective TCO material for solar cell applications.
  • Nanoparticles of WO3 Doped with Nd on MWCNT for the Detection of Paraoxon in Environmental Samples
    Munaf Mohammedbasha, Chandini Ragumoorthy, Shen-Ming Chen, Vellingiri Manon Mani, Ganesha Chidambaram Kiruthiga
    ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2026
  • Synthesis and characterization of metal oxide-based photovoltaic cells
    G. Kiruthiga, J. Shanthi, K. S. Rajni, Narayanan V. Vishnu, Chandini Ragumoorthy, Manisha Deshpande
    Photovoltaic Materials Synthesis Characterizations and Applications, 2026
    The materials suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications are typically from groups II to VI of the periodic table. To fabricate PV cells, transparent PV (TPV) materials (TPVMs) are essential. TPVMs can be used in building facades and windows. While designing PV transparent materials, it is important to consider their haze ratio, color, transmittance, and aesthetic factors maintenance at all viewing angles. TPVMs can absorb light from the visible (Vis) region and generate electricity. For the impactful performance of solar cells, TPVMs are one of the determinants. Silicon and amorphous silicon as well as binary and ternary copper/cadmium chalcogenides are few of the appropriate materials for the application of PV devices. When light from sun incident onto the surface of PV materials absorb the light energy, this energy is converted into electricity. While we are investigating the difference between PV and TPVM, PV can convert directly sunlight into electricity. But TPVM is a distinct type of PV material that permits Vis light to traverse by absorbing invisible infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which aids in generating more electricity and importantly making it highly “transparent” to the naked eye of human. Traditional PV panels are typically used on rooftops to generate electricity, while TPVMs are often considered for applications like windows in buildings, where aesthetics and light transmission are important. Standard PV materials are opaque and absorb most Vis light to generate electricity, whereas TPVMs are designed to transmit Vis light while absorbing specific wavelengths like UV and IR to produce power. TPVMs are utilized in dye-sensitized, perovskite, amorphous silicon, quantum dot, and transparent luminescent solar concentrator (TLSC). ZnO can be used in perovskite solar cell by doping with semiconducting material, which can tune the optical and electrical properties. In this chapter, brief introduction to semiconducting materials and synthesis of TPV panels are discussed. The device fabrication of metal oxide-based solar cells, specifically ZnO-based solar cells, is also explained well. Analysis of electrical and optical characterization of ZnO is included for more clarity to the readers.
  • Nobel metal decorated samarium-nickel oxide composite for rapid monitoring of herbicide diuron
    Chandini Ragumoorthy, Mariya Antony John Felix, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga
    Journal of Water Process Engineering, 2025
  • Yttrium iron oxide embedded reduced graphene oxide: A trace level detection platform for carbamate pesticide in agricultural products
    Chandini Ragumoorthy, Nandini Nataraj, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2025
  • Efficient electrochemical detection of antibiotic ornidazole in synthetic and biological fluids using a trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid
    Chandini Ragumoorthy, Nandini Nataraj, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga, Xin-Ee Phang
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2025
  • Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite
    Chandini Ragumoorthy, Nandini Nataraj, Tse-Wei Chen, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga, Bih-Show Lou, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, M. Ajmal Ali, Mohamed S. Elshikh
    Food Chemistry, 2025
  • Yttrium incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles anchored with mesoporous silica as efficient sensor platform for furaltadone detection across diverse matrices
    Chandini Ragumoorthy, Nandini Nataraj, Tse-Wei Chen, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Wedad A. Al-onazi, Hanadi Alsoqair, Jaysan Yu
    Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025
  • Fluid-specific detection of environmental pollutant moxifloxacin hydrochloride utilizing a rare-earth niobate decorated functionalized carbon nanofiber sensor platform
    Mariya Antony John Felix, Chandini Ragumoorthy, Tse-Wei Chen, Shen-Ming Chen, G. Kiruthiga, Abhishek Singh, Karen Ghazaryan, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Mohamed S. Elshikh
    Environmental Research, 2025
  • The predominant role and the need of thermometers
    G. Kiruthiga, Nupur Saxena
    Luminescent Thermometers Fundamentals Materials and Applications, 2024
    In today’s industrial, technological, scientific research, and medical domain, temperature measurement encircles a broad variety of applications and needs [1]. To handle these demands, industries have developed a huge number of devices and sensors. This chapter provides an opportunity to understand the need and predominant role of thermometers. For most scientific researchers, medical professionals, and mechanical engineers, temperature is a very essential and largely measured variable. For controlling or monitoring temperature, various processes have been followed in various industries [2]. This may vary from monitoring the water temperature of an engine or device loaded, which is simple, to something more complicated, such as the temperature of a weld in a laser welding application [1,2]. From a power generating station, the measurement of temperature of chimney, smoke stack gas, blast furnace, or the exhaust gas of a rocket may need to be monitored, which is more challenging. The temperatures of fluids in processes or process support applications are more common. From a power generating station, it’s compulsory to monitor the temperature of solid objects such as metal plates and bearings [1,3]. This extraordinary device, which is a universal instrument, is used to measure temperature. The name “thermometer” derives from the following two words: can be followed, i.e., Thermos and Metron. Thermos represents “hot” and Metron represents “measure”. Heat and temperature are two different words that very often confuse the people. The first one is a form of energy and the unit of this parameter is Joules. The second one is the measure of that heat. People may raise questions like, “How can the hotness of an object is expressed? Which one is the basis or measure for that hotness? For all these queries, the answer is “Temperature”. More than the thermometer, some other essential devices for monitoring heat incorporate the following: thermistors, thermostats, thermocouples, and resistance temperature detector (RTD). It can measure the temperature of solids like food, liquids like water, and gases like air. The three most general units of temperature measurements are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. The Celsius scale is part of the metric system. Thermometer is a Greek word, and it is the fusion of two words. Thermo means warm and Meter means to measure. The first thermometer was invented in the 1600s [3,4]. The correct year of invention is not known, but the chronicler estimates the year of invention is 1593. Behind a thermometer, the basic principle is the contraction by cold and the expansion of air by heat. Based on different principles, the device measures temperature gradient. The two basic important elements are temperature sensor (e.g., some physical change occurs with temperature in the bulb on a mercury thermometer) and a tool for converting this physical change into measurement value (e.g., on a mercury thermometer, the scale is inserted). Usually, thermometers are classified into two separate groups according to the knowledge level underlying thermodynamic quantities and laws. The classifications are (i) primary thermometers and (ii) secondary thermometers [5]. By using a primary thermometer without any unknown quantities, temperature property is measured. The most widely thermometers are secondary thermometers due to their convenient use. The secondary thermometers are highly sensitive ones than the primary thermometers. To allow direct measurement of temperature, knowledge of the measured property is not adequate for secondary devices. At a number of fixed temperatures, or at least at one temperature, secondary thermometers are calibrated against a primary thermometer. In general, thermometers are broadly classified into two categories: (iI) laboratory thermometer and (ii) clinical thermometer. Usually, the primary one is not utilized for measuring the temperature of the body. It is used to measure the chemical’s temperature in laboratories. For Temperature measurement, the following units are used: Celsius (°C), Kelvin (°K), and Fahrenheit (°F).
  • Investigation on copper-nickel co-doped anatase titania nanospheres as an efficient material for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications
    T. Raguram, K. S. Rajni, E. Nandhakumar, G. Kiruthiga
    New Journal of Chemistry, 2023
  • Indium-free MgSnO3 transparent conductive oxide layer: investigation on structural, optical and electrical properties and photovoltaic performance analysis
    G. Kiruthiga, K. S. Rajni, T. Raguram, Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy, Selvakumar Pitchaiya
    Applied Nanoscience Switzerland, 2023
  • SnO2: Investigation of optical, structural, and electrical properties of transparent conductive oxide thin films prepared by nebulized spray pyrolysis for photovoltaic applications
    G. Kiruthiga, K.S. Rajni, N. Geethanjali, T. Raguram, E. Nandhakumar, N. Senthilkumar
    Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2022
  • DSSCs: a facile and low-cost MgSnO3-based transparent conductive oxides via nebulized spray pyrolysis technique
    G. Kiruthiga, T. Raguram, K. S. Rajni, P. Selvakumar, E. Nandhakumar
    Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, 2021

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Nanoparticles of WO 3 Doped with Nd on MWCNT for the Detection of Paraoxon in Environmental Samples
    M Mohammedbasha, C Ragumoorthy, SM Chen, V Manon Mani, ...
    ACS Applied Nano Materials , 2026
    2026
  • Development of Zn 1−x Sn x O and Mg 1−x Sn x O transparent conducting oxide thin films for perovskite solar cell applications
    G Kiruthiga, MS Kumar, T Raguram, AP Murali, C Ragumoorthy, R Kumar, ...
    Scientific Reports , 2026
    2026
  • Synthesis and characterization of metal oxide-based photovoltaic cells
    GK J.Shanthi,K,S.Rajni, V.Vishnu Narayanan
    Photovoltaic Materials 10.1201/9781003641841-5, 114-133 , 2026
    2026
  • Nobel metal decorated samarium-nickel oxide composite for rapid monitoring of herbicide diuron
    C Ragumoorthy, MAJ Felix, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga
    Journal of Water Process Engineering 80, 109147 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 4
  • Consequences of Brassica Oleracea, Beta Vulgaris, ++ for the Construction of DSSC on the Disparate TIN Based TCO Substrates
    KG Rajni K.S, Chandini Ragumoorthy
    Innovations and Advances in Science and Engineering Research 1, 99-111 , 2025
    2025
  • Efficient electrochemical detection of antibiotic ornidazole in synthetic and biological fluids using a trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, XE Phang
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection 196, 106927 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 13
  • Yttrium iron oxide embedded reduced graphene oxide: A trace level detection platform for carbamate pesticide in agricultural products
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection 196, 106875 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 9
  • Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, BS Lou, ...
    Food Chemistry 470, 142660 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 16
  • Yttrium incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles anchored with mesoporous silica as efficient sensor platform for furaltadone detection across diverse matrices
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, ...
    Journal of Alloys and Compounds 1012, 178431 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 7
  • Fluid-specific detection of environmental pollutant moxifloxacin hydrochloride utilizing a rare-earth niobate decorated functionalized carbon nanofiber sensor platform
    MAJ Felix, C Ragumoorthy, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, A Singh, ...
    Environmental Research 264, 120349 , 2025
    2025
    Citations: 16
  • The predominant role and the need of thermometers
    DGKN Saxena
    CRC Press - Taylor & Francis , 2024
    2024
  • Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite
    MAA Chandini Ragumoorthy,Nandini Nataraj,Tse-Wei Chen,Shen-Ming Chen,Dr G ...
    Elsevier , 2024
    2024
  • Effect of Two Different Deposition Temperatures on the Physical and Electrical Properties of the ZTO Thin Films For Solar Collector Applications
    CR Kiruthiga G , Rajni K.S , Deepika C.R , Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy ...
    Second National Conference on Emerging Materials for Sustainable Future … , 2024
    2024
  • Investigation on copper–nickel co-doped anatase titania nanospheres as an efficient material for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications
    T. Raguram, K. S. Rajni,E. Nandhakumar and G. Kiruthiga
    New Journal of Chemsitry , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 15
  • Indium-free MgSnO 3 transparent conductive oxide layer: investigation on structural, optical and electrical properties and photovoltaic performance analysis
    G Kiruthiga, KS Rajni, T Raguram, N Eswaramoorthy, S Pitchaiya
    Applied Nanoscience 13 (5), 3421-3434 , 2023
    2023
    Citations: 8
  • “ Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Tin Oxide (MTO) Substrate for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications”
    GK K.S.Rajni
    Bharathiar University , 2022
    2022
  • Investigation of low-cost magnesium stannate transparent conductive oxide layer: optical, structural and electrical properties and photovoltaic applications
    GK K S Rajni,T Raguram,Nandhakumar, Selvakumar
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1263, 012020 , 2022
    2022
    Citations: 3
  • DSSCs: a facile and low-cost MgSnO 3 -based transparent conductive oxides via nebulized spray pyrolysis technique
    G Kiruthiga, T Raguram, KS Rajni, P Selvakumar, E Nandhakumar
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32 (18), 22780-22791 , 2021
    2021
    Citations: 16
  • Annealing effect of magnesium tin oxide thin films prepared by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique for dssc applications
    G Kiruthiga Prabhu, T Raguram, KS Rajni
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 577 (1), 012093 , 2019
    2019
    Citations: 7
  • Structural, optical, electrical and hall effect studies of spray pyrolysised MgSnO3 thin films
    GK Prabhu, C Sanjeeviraja
    International journal of chemtech Research 6 (3), 1942-1944 , 2014
    2014
    Citations: 7

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

  • Sno2: Investigation of Optical, Structural, and Electrical Properties of Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis for Photovoltaic Applications
    Kiruthiga.G,KS Rajni,Geethanjali N,RaguramT, ENandhakumar, ...
    Citations: 79
  • Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, BS Lou, ...
    Food Chemistry 470, 142660 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 16
  • Fluid-specific detection of environmental pollutant moxifloxacin hydrochloride utilizing a rare-earth niobate decorated functionalized carbon nanofiber sensor platform
    MAJ Felix, C Ragumoorthy, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, A Singh, ...
    Environmental Research 264, 120349 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 16
  • DSSCs: a facile and low-cost MgSnO 3 -based transparent conductive oxides via nebulized spray pyrolysis technique
    G Kiruthiga, T Raguram, KS Rajni, P Selvakumar, E Nandhakumar
    Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32 (18), 22780-22791 , 2021
    2021.0
    Citations: 16
  • Investigation on copper–nickel co-doped anatase titania nanospheres as an efficient material for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications
    T. Raguram, K. S. Rajni,E. Nandhakumar and G. Kiruthiga
    New Journal of Chemsitry , 2023
    2023.0
    Citations: 15
  • Efficient electrochemical detection of antibiotic ornidazole in synthetic and biological fluids using a trimetallic CuNiSnO4/MWCNT hybrid
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, XE Phang
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection 196, 106927 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 13
  • Yttrium iron oxide embedded reduced graphene oxide: A trace level detection platform for carbamate pesticide in agricultural products
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga
    Process Safety and Environmental Protection 196, 106875 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 9
  • Indium-free MgSnO 3 transparent conductive oxide layer: investigation on structural, optical and electrical properties and photovoltaic performance analysis
    G Kiruthiga, KS Rajni, T Raguram, N Eswaramoorthy, S Pitchaiya
    Applied Nanoscience 13 (5), 3421-3434 , 2023
    2023.0
    Citations: 8
  • Yttrium incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles anchored with mesoporous silica as efficient sensor platform for furaltadone detection across diverse matrices
    C Ragumoorthy, N Nataraj, TW Chen, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga, ...
    Journal of Alloys and Compounds 1012, 178431 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 7
  • Annealing effect of magnesium tin oxide thin films prepared by nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique for dssc applications
    G Kiruthiga Prabhu, T Raguram, KS Rajni
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 577 (1), 012093 , 2019
    2019.0
    Citations: 7
  • Structural, optical, electrical and hall effect studies of spray pyrolysised MgSnO3 thin films
    GK Prabhu, C Sanjeeviraja
    International journal of chemtech Research 6 (3), 1942-1944 , 2014
    2014.0
    Citations: 7
  • Nobel metal decorated samarium-nickel oxide composite for rapid monitoring of herbicide diuron
    C Ragumoorthy, MAJ Felix, SM Chen, G Kiruthiga
    Journal of Water Process Engineering 80, 109147 , 2025
    2025.0
    Citations: 4
  • Investigation of low-cost magnesium stannate transparent conductive oxide layer: optical, structural and electrical properties and photovoltaic applications
    GK K S Rajni,T Raguram,Nandhakumar, Selvakumar
    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1263, 012020 , 2022
    2022.0
    Citations: 3
  • Nanoparticles of WO 3 Doped with Nd on MWCNT for the Detection of Paraoxon in Environmental Samples
    M Mohammedbasha, C Ragumoorthy, SM Chen, V Manon Mani, ...
    ACS Applied Nano Materials , 2026
    2026.0
  • Development of Zn 1−x Sn x O and Mg 1−x Sn x O transparent conducting oxide thin films for perovskite solar cell applications
    G Kiruthiga, MS Kumar, T Raguram, AP Murali, C Ragumoorthy, R Kumar, ...
    Scientific Reports , 2026
    2026.0
  • Synthesis and characterization of metal oxide-based photovoltaic cells
    GK J.Shanthi,K,S.Rajni, V.Vishnu Narayanan
    Photovoltaic Materials 10.1201/9781003641841-5, 114-133 , 2026
    2026.0
  • Consequences of Brassica Oleracea, Beta Vulgaris, ++ for the Construction of DSSC on the Disparate TIN Based TCO Substrates
    KG Rajni K.S, Chandini Ragumoorthy
    Innovations and Advances in Science and Engineering Research 1, 99-111 , 2025
    2025.0
  • The predominant role and the need of thermometers
    DGKN Saxena
    CRC Press - Taylor & Francis , 2024
    2024.0
  • Advanced detection of the protozoacide dimetridazole in complex fluids using cassiterite nanoparticles incorporated carbon black composite
    MAA Chandini Ragumoorthy,Nandini Nataraj,Tse-Wei Chen,Shen-Ming Chen,Dr G ...
    Elsevier , 2024
    2024.0
  • Effect of Two Different Deposition Temperatures on the Physical and Electrical Properties of the ZTO Thin Films For Solar Collector Applications
    CR Kiruthiga G , Rajni K.S , Deepika C.R , Nandhakumar Eswaramoorthy ...
    Second National Conference on Emerging Materials for Sustainable Future … , 2024
    2024.0