hamad alrumaih
@iau.edu.sa
Scopus Publications
- Comparative Effect of Different Nanoparticles with Different Concentrations on Fracture Toughness and Elastic Modulus of Restorative Dental Composite Resin
Mohamed Ahmed Helal, Emad Amin Azmy, Amal Al-Faraj, Faris A. Alshahrani, Firas K. Alqarawi, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mohammed M. Gad, Mostafa I. Fayad
Dentistry Journal, 2026
Background/Objective: Resin-based composite (RBC) gained wide popularity in dentistry due to its excellent biocompatibility, superior aesthetics, and good bonding to enamel and dentine. However, they have several shortcomings, including mechanical insufficiency and shrinkage tendency. Many researchers have utilized nanoparticles (NPs) as a reinforcing filler for RBCs. This article focused on assessing the impact of three different nanoparticles, ZrO2, TiO2, and SiO2, with concentrations of 3 wt% and 7 wt%, on the elastic modulus (E) and fracture toughness (KIC) of one commercial light-activated dental resin composite. Methods: 140 rectangular specimens were constructed according to ISO 4049 with dimensions (25 × 2 × 5 ± 0.03 mm) and (25 × 2 × 2 ± 0.03 mm) for fracture toughness and elastic modulus, respectively. Specimens were categorized into four main groups based on nanofiller types. Control: plain without filler (CC) and three modified ones with ZrO2 (ZC), TiO2 (TC), and SiO2 (SC). Furthermore, modified groups were divided into two subgroups according to nanofiller concentration, 3 and 7 wt% (ZC3, ZC7, TC3, TC7, SC3, and SC7), n = 10. Mechanical testing for fracture toughness was completed using a single-edge notched beam, while a three-point bending test was used for elastic modulus. Analysis of data was based on two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc (α = 0.05). Results: ZrO2 provided the most substantial improvement in both E and KIC, with the optimal performance observed at 3 wt% for stiffness and 7 wt% for toughness. TiO2 groups also enhanced these properties at both concentrations; however, the gains were less pronounced compared to ZrO2. SiO2 improved mechanical performance at 3 wt%, but a higher loading of 7 wt% resulted in reduced values. Conclusions: Resin-based composite modified with 3 wt% of NPs tends to possess higher fracture toughness and modulus of elasticity. Fracture toughness enhancement was concentration-dependent with ZrO2 NPs, where the best result was obtained with 7 wt%. Nanoparticle-reinforced composite, particularly ZrO2, may be suitable for prosthodontic applications. - Internal fit and fracture resistance of different CAD-CAM surveyed ceramic crowns: In vitro comparative analysis
Faris A. Alshahrani, Haidar Alalawi, Ahmad M Al‐Thobity, Abdulmohsen S. Ibn Shamsah, Moath I. Almusallam, Amal Alfaraj, Fawaz Alzoubi, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mohammed M. Gad, Nadim Z. Baba
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2025
Purpose The success of removable partial dentures (RPDs) depends on well‐designed abutments or surveyed crowns. Advances in computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) technology have made all‐ceramic materials viable alternatives to traditional ceramo‐metal surveyed crowns, but their performance, particularly regarding internal fit and fracture resistance, requires further studies, especially with different rest seat preparations simulated on the abutment dies. This study evaluated the internal fit and fracture resistance of CAD‐CAM ceramic crowns with wide and narrow rest seat designs to assess their potential as surveyed crowns for RPDs. Materials and Methods Sixty mandibular premolar abutment dies were modified to simulate narrow and wide occlusal relief designs and were divided into six groups based on the design (wide/narrow) and material type: force‐absorbed hybrid ceramics (HC), zirconium lithium silicate (ZLS), and lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic (LDC). CAD‐CAM ceramic crowns were fabricated, milled, and analyzed for internal fit using Geomagic Control X software. Fracture resistance in newton (N) was tested using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine fracture morphology. Statistical analyses included two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test ( α = 0.05). Results The LDC group had the highest fracture resistance, while ZLS and HC showed no significant difference [ F (2) = 10.523, p < 0.001]. Internal fit did not significantly differ between materials [ F (2) = 0.381, p = 0.686], though LDC had a slightly larger internal gap. Rest seat design significantly affected both fracture resistance and internal fit [ F (1) = 68.581, p < 0.001; F (1) = 11.185, p = 0.002], with wide designs showing higher fracture resistance and narrow designs having larger internal gaps. SEM revealed crack propagation originating from rest seat bases, with longer crack lines observed in wide rest designs. Conclusion Rest seat design significantly influences the fracture resistance and internal fit of CAD‐CAM ceramic crowns. Wide rest seat designs provide superior fracture resistance compared to narrow designs, while narrow seats exhibit larger internal gaps, potentially compromising restoration longevity. - The relationship between the secondary implant stability quotient and oxidized implant-related factors: A retrospective study
Fawaz Alzoubi, Abdulkareem Abdullah Alhumaidan, Hamad Saleh AlRumaih, Firas Khalid Alqarawi, Omar Omar
Heliyon, 2024
Objective: The present retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between the secondary implant stability quotient and different parameters related to an oxidized implant. Methods: A total of 135 patients (305 oxidized implants) were included. Implant-related factors (length, diameter, surgical and loading protocols, grafting, insertion torque, and primary stability) were used for comparisons and linear regression analyses, using secondary ISQ as the dependent variable. Results: At the patient level, the mean time from implantation to secondary ISQ registration was 20.3 ± 29 weeks, and the mean secondary ISQ was 77.30 ± 7.22. The ISQ did not reveal significant differences regarding implant lengths, loading protocol, and simultaneous grafting. In contrast, platform diameters (3.5, 4.3, and 5.0), surgical protocols (one stage versus two stages), insertion torque (<35 Ncm versus >35 Ncm), and primary stability (achieved versus not achieved) all revealed significant secondary ISQ differences. Nevertheless, the regression analysis demonstrated that the platform diameter was the only variable significantly and positively predicted the secondary ISQ. Similar findings were found with the implant level analysis. Conclusions: Among different implant- and protocol-related parameters, the platform diameter of the oxidized implant appears to be the only significant predictor of high secondary ISQ values at the time of superstructure connection. - Implant Stability After Graftless Motor-Driven Crestal Sinus Elevation: A Cohort Study
Fawaz M. Alzoubi, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan, Woroud Al-Sulimmani
Journal of Oral Implantology, 2024
Graftless motor-driven crestal sinus elevation may be a preferable alternative to conventional methods due to the reduction of postsurgical complications and lower cost. This prospective cohort study evaluated the stability of implants installed using this technique. Twenty-nine Straumann BLT (bone level tapered) implants in 29 patients were included in the sample. Average implant stability quotients (ISQ) were measured immediately after surgery (mean: 73.5 ± 9.2) and after a period of healing (mean: 77.1 ± 4.5) using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). There was a significant increase in implant stability after healing (P = .035). The healing duration did not significantly influence how implant stability increased (P =.373). The mean ISQ after healing was significantly higher than the clinically acceptable stability value of 65 ISQ (P &lt; .001). Implant length and width were not significantly correlated with ISQ increase (P = .764 and P = .085, respectively). In addition, there were no significant differences in average ISQ values measured immediately postsurgery (at baseline) or after healing between implants with and without registered perforations during surgery (P = .118 and P = .366, respectively). The posthealing stability of 4 implants that did not achieve primary stability was not significantly less stable after the healing period than those that had achieved primary stability (P = .086). Moreover, the level of insertion torque significantly impacted implant stability immediately postsurgery (P &lt; .001), but the ISQ values measured after healing were not significantly different based on the initial insertion torque values (P = .131). This study suggests that implants installed using graftless motor-driven crestal sinus elevation may achieve clinically acceptable stability as measured by RFA. - Bond Strength of Nanocomposite Hard Liner to CAD-CAM Milled, 3D Printed, and Conventionally Fabricated Denture Base Resins
Zainab Albazroun, Atheer Alabdullatif, Sarah Aldehaileb, Ferdoos Alhalimi, Faris A. Alshahrani, Soban Q. Khan, Shaimaa M. Fouda, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mohammed M. Gad
Dentistry Journal, 2024
Background: To investigate the effect of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of hard denture lines bonded to different denture base resins. Methods: Five different denture bases were used in this study: conventional heat-cured resin, IvoCad, AvaDent, NextDent, and FormLabs, in acrylic specimens of 10 × 10 × 2.5 mm3 (N = 150, n = 10). Specimens were centered at the bottom of a silicon mold to create an auto-polymerized holder. Three major groups of reline material were used: no ZrO2NPs (control), 2 wt.%, and 4 wt.% ZrO2NPs. Reline was bonded to the resin surface using a customized jig. After polymerization, specimens were stored in distilled water, and 5000 thermal cycles were performed. Each specimen was fixed to an Instron machine, and SBS was tested using a blade loaded (1 mm/min) at the resin interface until failure. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: AvaDent showed the highest SBS when compared with other denture base materials (p < 0.001) except for IvoCad. The addition of ZrO2NPs significantly decreased the SBS of AvaDent (p = 0.003) and IvoCad (p = 0.001), while heat polymerized resin, Formlabs, and NextDent showed no significant change in SBS (p > 0.05). Conclusion: CAD-CAM milled denture base resin showed higher SBS with pure denture reline. The addition of ZrO2NPs decreased the SBS of reline with CAD-CAM milled denture base resins but did not change bond strength with 3D printed and conventional denture base resins. - The Effect of 3D Printing Layer Thickness and Post-Polymerization Time on the Flexural Strength and Hardness of Denture Base Resins
Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mohammed M. Gad
Prosthesis, 2024
Purpose: This study evaluates and compares the effect of printing layer thickness (LT) and post-polymerization time (PPT) on the flexural strength and hardness of three 3D-printed resins after thermal aging. Methods: A bar shape (64 × 10 × 3.3 mm) and a disc shape (15 × 2 mm) were designed for flexural strength and hardness testing, respectively. ASIGA, NextDent, and FormLabs 3D-printed resins were used to print specimens with different LTs (25 µm, 50 µm, and 100 µm). Each thickness group was post-polymerized (PP) for different times (15, 30, 60, and 90 min). All printed specimens were thermally cycled (5000 cycles) and then tested, measuring the flexural strength and hardness using a universal testing machine and Vickers hardness tester, respectively. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results: A PPT of 90 min showed the highest flexural strength. In comparisons of the LTs, 25 µm and 50 µm significantly increased flexural strength compared with 100 µm, which showed the lowest value for each PPT. The hardness increased as the PPT increased for all materials. In our LT comparison, 25 µm and 50 µm significantly increased the hardness for NextDent and FormLabs resins, while only 25 µm showed high hardness compared with 50 µm and 100 µm for ASIGA. Conclusion: Both parameters (LT and PPT) impact flexural strength and hardness. Increased PPT with the minimum LT is recommended. - In Vitro Evaluation of Candida albicans Adhesion and Related Surface Properties of CAD/CAM Denture Base Resins
Shaimaa M. Fouda, Mohammed M. Gad, Reem Abualsaud, Passent Ellakany, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Faraz A. Farooqi, Asif Matin, Doaa M. Al-Eraky, Faisal D. Al-Qarni, Fahad A. Al-Harbi
European Journal of Dentistry, 2024
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness, contact angle, and adhesion of Candida albicans to computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and heat-polymerized (HP) denture base materials. Materials and Methods Specimens were allocated to six groups based on the composition of studied denture base materials, HP acrylic resin, milled resins (AvaDent and IvoCad), and 3D-printed resins (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). Ten specimens per group were used for each test (n = 10/test). Surface roughness and contact angles were analyzed using profilometer and goniometer, respectively. Adhesion of C. albicans was counted using colony-forming unit (CFU/mL). Means and standard deviations were calculated, and then one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Correlation of Candida adhesion and surface parameters was determined by using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness between HP, milled, and 3D-printed denture base resins except NextDent, which showed significantly higher roughness in comparison to all other resins (p = 0.001). In terms of contact angle, milled resins had the lowest value, followed by HP, ASIGA, and FormLabs, whereas NextDent showed the highest contact angle (p = 0.001). C. albicans adhesion showed no significant difference between all denture base resins. A positive and significant correlation was found between C. albicans adhesion and contact angle (p = 0.003), while no correlation was reported between C. albicans adhesion and surface roughness (p = 0.523). Conclusion Adhesion of C. albicans was similar in all tested specimens. Surface roughness showed no significant difference between all groups except NextDent, which had the highest value. Milled denture base resins had the lowest contact angle among all groups. - A crosstalk between ‘osteocyte lacunal-canalicular system’ and metabolism
Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi, Sultan Akhtar, Fatima A. Al Hubail, Hussain Alhawaj, Meneerah A. Aljafary, Hamad S. Alrumaih, Amira Daghestani, Alanwood Al-Buainain, Amer Lardhi, A.M. Homeida
Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 2024 - Flexural Properties and Hardness of CAD-CAM Denture Base Materials
Shaimaa M. Fouda, Mohammed M. Gad, Reem Abualsaud, Passent Ellakany, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Soban Q. Khan, Sultan Akhtar, Faisal D. al‐Qarni, Fahad A. Al‐Harbi
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2023
PURPOSE To compare flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness of CAD-CAM milled, 3D-printed, and heat-polymerized denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 specimens were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin (HP), milled resin (Avadent and IvoCad), and 3D-printed resin (ASIGA, FormLabs, and NextDent). The specimens were divided into 6 groups according to the type of denture base material n = 20/material, (10/flexural properties and 10/hardness). Flexural strength and elastic modulus of the specimens were evaluated by 3-point bending test and surface hardness by Vickers hardness test. To test flexural properties, the specimens were fabricated according to ISO 20795-1:2013 standards (64×10×3.3 ±0.2 mm). The dimensions for hardness test were 15×10×2.5 ±0.2 mm. Scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface morphology of the fractured specimens. The means and standard deviations were calculated, followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Milled resins showed significantly higher values for flexural strength, elastic modulus, and surface hardness, followed by HP then 3D-printed resins (P<0.001). In between milled groups, flexural strength of AvaDent was significantly higher than IvoCad (P<0.001), while elastic modulus and hardness didn't show significant difference. In between 3D-printed resins, ASIGA showed the highest flexural strength and elastic modulus, insignificantly with FormLabs (P = 0.595) and significantly with NextDent (P = 0.008). ASIGA also showed significantly the highest hardness among the 3D-printed groups. No significant difference was found between FormLabs and NextDent flexural strength (P = 0.357), elastic modulus (P = 1.00) and surface hardness (P = 0.987). CONCLUSION CAD-CAM milled resins had greater flexural properties and hardness compared to heat-polymerized acrylic resin and 3D-printed resins. Although 3D-printed samples showed the lowest values of tested properties, the flexural strength and modulus were above the clinically acceptable values. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. - Clinical peri-implant outcomes, technical complications, and patient satisfaction with single vs. splinted crown supported implants in the anterior mandible region of diabetic individuals
H. Tulbah, M. Alrabiah, H. AlRumaih, A. Aleisa, J. Kishore, F. Vohra, T. Abduljabbar
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2023
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical and radiographic peri-implant parameters around narrow diameter implants (NDI) supported single (NDISCs) and splinted crowns (NDISPs) in the anterior maxilla of non-diabetics and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical and radiographic parameters of NDISC and NDISP were assessed in the anterior mandibular jaw of T2DM and non-diabetic individuals. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD) and crestal bone levels were recorded. Technical complications and patient satisfaction were also assessed. ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance) was used to compare the inter-group means of clinical indices and radiographic bone loss while Shapiro-Wilk was used to compute the normal distribution of dependent variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Sixty-three patients (35 males and 28 females) were part of the study out of which 32 were non-diabetics and 31 were T2DM patients. A total of 188 implants (124 NDISCs and 64 NDISPs) having moderately roughened topography were used for the study. The mean glycated hemoglobin in the non-diabetic group was 4.3 while that in the T2DM group was 7.9 with an average diabetic history of 8.6 years. Peri-implant parameters, including PI, BoP, and PD, were comparable between the single crown and splinted crown groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in PI, BoP, and PD when a comparison was made between the non-diabetes and T2DM groups (p<0.05). An overall 88% of the patients were satisfied with the esthetics of the crowns while 75% of the subjects were satisfied with the function of the crowns. CONCLUSIONS Narrow diameter implants of both types had satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes within non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. However, clinical and radiographic parameters were worse in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients when compared to non-diabetics. - Influence of Denture Cleansers on the Retention Loss of Attachment Systems Retained Implant Overdenture
Hamad S. AlRumaih, Alhanouf A. Albarrak, Muneera AlMedaires, Ahmed A. Alsulaiman, Nadim Z. Baba, Faris A. Alshahrani, Firas K. Alqarawi, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Fawaz Alzoubi, Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan, Mohammed M. Gad
International Journal of Biomaterials, 2023 - Influence of ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Optical Properties of Denture Base Materials Fabricated Using Additive Technologies
Abdulrahman Khattar, Majed H. Alsaif, Jawad A. Alghafli, Ali A. Alshaikh, Ali M. Alsalem, Ibrahim A. Almindil, Abdulsalam M. Alsalman, Ali J. Alboori, Abdullah M. Al-Ajwad, Hussain M Almuhanna, Soban Q. Khan, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mohammed M. Gad
Nanomaterials, 2022 - Clinical Evaluation of Short Tuberosity Implants among Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients: A 5 Year Follow-Up
Huda I. Tulbah, Abdulaziz Alsahhaf, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Fahim Vohra, Tariq Abduljabbar
Medicina Lithuania, 2022 - Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Hardness of 3D Printed Resins
Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Leenah Alsulaimi, Reema Alotaibi, Areej Alboainain, Haidar Alalawi, Sami Alshehri, Soban Q. Khan, Mohammed Alsaloum, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Abdulkareem A. Alhumaidan, Mohammed M. Gad
Materials, 2022 - Impact of Polymerization Technique and ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Fracture Load of Interim Implant-Supported Fixed Cantilevered Prostheses in Comparison to CAD/CAM Material
Faris A. Alshahrani, Shorouq Khalid Hamid, Lujain Ali Alghamdi, Firas K. Alqarawi, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Haidar Alalawi, Maram A. Al Ghamdi, Fawaz Alzoubi, Mohammed M. Gad
Dentistry Journal, 2022 - Comparison Between Human Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Commercial Acrylic Teeth: A Sex-Stratified Analysis
Hamad S. AlRumaih, Zainab Albasry, Ahmed A. Alsulaiman, Firas K. Alqarawi, Faris A. Alshahrani, Ewa Parciak
Open Dentistry Journal, 2022 - Clinical Applications of Intraoral Scanning in Removable Prosthodontics: A Literature Review
Hamad S. AlRumaih
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2021 - Microleakage and bacterial adhesion with three restorative materials used to seal screw-access channels of implant abutments: An in vitro study
FirasKhalid AlQarawi, BaneenMansour AlShammasi, ZainabAhmed AlBasry, HebaZaki AlAwami, DoaaMostafa AlEraky, ReemYussuf AlJindan, HamadSaleh Alrumaih, FarisAbdullah Alshahrani
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2021 - A Novel Extended Range Attachment System to Retain Implant Overdentures: A Clinical Report
Nadim Z. Baba, Fahad A. Al-Harbi, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Abdulkareem AlShehri
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2019 - Multidisciplinary approach with predictable esthetics: A case report
Alhanouf A. Albarrak, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Abdulkareem Al-Humaidan, Ahmad M. Al-Thobity, Faris A. Alshahrani
Saudi Dental Journal, 2019 - Effect of Nanodiamond Addition on Flexural Strength, Impact Strength, and Surface Roughness of PMMA Denture Base
Fahad A. Al-Harbi, Mohamed S. Abdel-Halim, Mohammed M. Gad, Shaimaa M. Fouda, Nadim Z. Baba, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Sultan Akhtar
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2019 - Application of three-dimensional (3D) tumor cell culture systems and mechanism of drug resistance
Adeeb Shehzad, Vijaya Ravinayagam, Hamad AlRumaih, Meneerah Aljafary, Dana Almohazey, Sarah Almofty, Noor A. Al-Rashid, Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019 - Effects of denture adhesive on the retention of milled and heat-activated maxillary denture bases: A clinical study
Hamad S. AlRumaih, Abdulaziz AlHelal, Nadim Z. Baba, Charles J. Goodacre, Ali Al-Qahtani, Mathew T. Kattadiyil
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2018 - Obstructive Sleep Apnea Management: An Overview of the Literature
Hamad S. AlRumaih, Nadim Z. Baba, Abdulkareem AlShehri, Abdulaziz AlHelal, Abdulkareem Al-Humaidan
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2018 - Comparison of maxillary anterior tooth width and facial dimensions of 3 ethnicities
Ewa C. Parciak, Ankur T. Dahiya, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Nadim Z. Baba, Charles J. Goodacre
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2017 - An Alternative Technique for the Fabrication of a Metal-Reinforced Interim Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis: A Clinical Report
Abdulaziz AlHelal, Nadim Z. Baba, Hamad AlRumaih
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2017 - Comparison of retention between maxillary milled and conventional denture bases: A clinical study
Abdulaziz AlHelal, Hamad S. AlRumaih, Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Nadim Z. Baba, Charles J. Goodacre
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2017 - Current techniques in CAD/CAM denture fabrication
General Dentistry, 2016 - Multifactorial role of flavonoids in prevention and treatment of various cancers
Anales De La Real Academia Nacional De Farmacia, 2016 - Intraoral scanning of hard and soft tissues for partial removable dental prosthesis fabrication
Mathew T. Kattadiyil, Zachary Mursic, Hamad AlRumaih, Charles J. Goodacre
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2014
