Detecting changes in bone density and body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using DEXA scanning Hana Abdul-Qader Khuder, Shaymaa A.H. Jasim, Mohammed S. Altaee, Saif Aldeen Altaie, Kassim S.A. Al-Neaimy Miznarodnij Endokrinologicnij Zurnal, 2025 Background. Arthritis is one of the most prevalent diseases, affecting an estimated 528 million people worldwide and involving almost all joints in the human body. This disorder primarily affects calcium levels in the bones and can directly influence bone health, so the relationship between arthritis and bone mineral density (BMD) has been an area of ongoing investigation and early detection of low BMD in arthritis patients will help prevent the progression of bone loss. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of arthritis on BMD among people in Nineveh Governorate hospitals. Materials and methods. A total of 75 individuals between 22 and 90 years old were included, and the group was divided into arthritis patients and 50 people who are healthy and do not have arthritis. BMD was measured using osteoporosis scan, which is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and our study focused on two main areas in the human body: the spine and the hip (including the pelvis), which can provide valuable information about bone density. Results. We observed a significant decrease in BMD in patients with arthritis and a higher prevalence of osteoporosis, while the latter was lower in non-arthritis individuals. Our study showed that osteoporosis is a complication of arthritis, so routine screening and preventive treatment for osteoporosis is recommended for arthritis patients, as well a healthy lifestyle, including calcium and vitamin D intake, a balanced diet, and milk consumption. Along with weight management, stress reduction, and other healthy habits like abstaining from alcohol and tobacco, physical activity also increases bone density. Walking in particular strengthens the hip region, which protects against osteoporosis. Conclusions. The results show a significant decrease in BMD in arthritis patients compared to non-arthritis individuals, as well as an increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis in those with arthritis, so it is necessary to take steps to support bone health. We recommend arthritis patients undergo bone density testing so that osteoporosis can be detected at an early stage and then receive appropriate preventive treatment.
Hormonal profiles and metabolic changes in women diagnosed with concomitant Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and polycystic ovary syndrome via sonography , Abeer Wali Ahmed, Hana Abdul-QaderKhuder, , Shaymaa A.H. Jasim, , Osama A. Mohsein, , and European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2025 Introduction and aim. Women with both Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often experience hormonal imbalances and metabolic changes. We investigated the correlation between sonographic changes and hormonal abnormalities in women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and PCOS. Material and methods. A case-control study including 150 women with PCOS and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and 50 healthy women as a control group, was conducted at Al-Habobbi Teaching Hospital from 7/1/2023 to 7/10/2024. Lipid, blood sugar, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, testosterone, and thyroid hormones were assessed, the groups had similar mean ages and smoking rates. Results. When the case group was compared with the control group, significant hormonal and metabolic differences were observed. Specifically, levels of LH were significantly higher in the case group (14.68±1.21 vs. 3.31±1.03 mIU/mL, p=0.001), as were levels of FSH (14.85±1.07 vs. 5.26±0.51 mIU/mL, p<0.001), prolactin (28.90±1.34 vs. 7.02±1.16 ng/dL, p<0.001), and testosterone (57.71±2.61 vs. 12.41±2.27 ng/dL, p<0.001). In terms of lipid profile, the case group showed elevated total cholesterol (229.93±14.61 vs. 134.51±9.38 mg/dL, p<0.001), triglycerides (287.78±41.43 vs. 128.04±10.20 mg/dL, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (136.98±20.02 vs. 58.67±11.45 mg/dL, p<0.001), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (57.55±8.28 vs. 25.60±2.04 mg/dL, p<0.001), while levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly lower (35.39±3.54 vs. 50.23±4.55 mg/dL, p<0.001). Regarding thyroid function, thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly reduced in the case group (9.80±0.77 vs. 15.02±1.25, p<0.001), while thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were elevated (6.25±1.10 vs. 2.17±0.74 μIU/mL, p<0.001). Conclusion. These findings suggest a potential complex interaction between the thyroid and reproductive glands, which may influence the pathogenesis and metabolic effects of these endocrine disorders. However, the individual and combined effects require further detailed investigation.
The role of immune mediators in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection Hana Abdul-Qader Khuder Biomedicine India, 2021 Introduction and Aim: Viral hepatitis, is considered a major cause of cirrhosis and liver transplantation, both of which are life-threatening conditions. In comparison to Hepatitis C virus infection, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a lower rate of chronicity. The purpose of this study is to assess the immunological particles CD2 and CD4, as well as the cytokines IL-10, in HBV-infected patients. Materials and Methods: Between April and June 2021, a case-control study was conducted on 180 female subjects with a mean age of 35 years who visited a private clinic in Mosul city. A (10 ml) sample of blood was collected from each subject by routine venipuncture technique, and the blood sample was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the plasma, which was used for further investigations. The ELISA test was used to determine the sizes of cytokines in the serum (R&D Systems). A microplate reader was used to limit absorbance in copies (Beckman Coulter). The last concentration was measured in pg/ml. Results: The findings of this study revealed that (15%) of cases had clinical symptoms of HBV, while (70%) of cases were asymptomatic, and (5%) of cases progressed to chronic liver disease. In compared to healthy control groups, HBV patients had highly significant variations in mean CD 2 and CD 4 expression (p<0.0001). Conclusion: During the acute phase of hepatitis, the immune system successfully fights off the infection; however, differences in immune responses to different viruses may explain the tendency for acute infection to resolve rather than develop to chronic infection. Hepatitis viruses employ a variety of tactics to evade human immunity. To fully comprehend the complicated interplay between immunological mediators and HBV infection, more research is needed.
