The Applications of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Teaching Medical and Dentistry Students: A Review on Advantages and Disadvantages Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Hanan Hamimi Wahid, Melati Mahmud, Hafizul Izwan Mohd Zahari, Norsuhana Omar, et al. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023 An interactive three-dimensional (3D) experience known as augmented reality (AR) employs computers to superimpose virtual data over the real world. Virtual reality (VR) is the artificial computer reconstruction of a real-life environment or experience. In the last decade, academic medical and dental institutions have witnessed the emergence of teaching technologies created using extended reality technology, such as AR and VR. It has been suggested that these technological advancements might support and further improve the medical and dentistry student teaching process. However, some medical and dentistry educationists are still sceptical about the usage of these technologies. This is because, throughout the centuries, the students in both fields were trained via established conventional methods. The purpose of this paper is to understand the benefit and impediments use of both technologies. We aim to review the advantages and disadvantages of AR and VR applications in the teaching process of medical and dentistry students.
Association Between the Level of Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude on Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Amongst Medical Students in Four Malaysian Universities Hao Ze Lee, Adam Amirudin Mohammad Tony, Nurul Asyikin Ismanizan, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Norsuhana Omar, et al. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2023 Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus. Infected people will have a chance to develop post-COVID-19 syndrome. The aim of this study is to identify the association of gender, marital status, age and university on knowledge, awareness and attitude of post-COVID-19 syndrome among medical students in four universities in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to July 2022 at four universities in Malaysia which are Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 355 respondents consisted of four sections, assessing socio-demographic data and knowledge, awareness and attitudes of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Results: 54.4% of the respondents had high knowledge, 53.8% had high awareness, and 55.21% had a high attitude towards post-COVID-19 syndrome. In this study, there is a significant association between knowledge on post-COVID-19 syndrome and the age among respondents. Knowledge and awareness, knowledge, and attitude as well as awareness and attitude on post-COVID-19 syndrome was also found to have significant association among respondents. Conclusion: The older age of the respondents have good knowledge towards post-COVID-19 syndrome.
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COVID-19 IMMUNISATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN PUBLIC MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN MALAYSIA Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Safiyya Mohammed Ayyub, Chang Fang Yi, Arif Najmi Shahrir Zaman, Nurul Huda Mohd Nor, et al. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 2023 COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that caused a worldwide pandemic in 2020. Medical students are public advocates for COVID-19 vaccination to achieve herd immunity. Our objective is to ascertain the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 immunisation among medical students in Malaysia. The online study included four public universities in Peninsular Malaysia: Universiti Putra Malaysia, International Islamic University Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Data collected include sociodemographic characteristics, history of COVID-19 infection, knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 immunisation. Analytical statistics were analysed with IBM Statistical Package Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) v27.0 using Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (significant if p < 0.05). From the total of 427 respondents, 60.2% had good knowledge whereby clinical students 67.0% had a higher proportion of good knowledge as compared to preclinical students 53.5% (p = 0.004). Respondents in the age group of 21 to 24 years old (p < 0.001) and 25 to 29 years old (p = 0.016), and Indian ethnicity (p = 0.006) were more likely to have good knowledge. Respondents registered in Malaysia’s National COVID-19 vaccination program were considered as having a positive attitude (n = 264, 61.8%). A vaccination rate of 100% was observed. In conclusion, 60.2% of medical students had good knowledge, 61.8% had a positive attitude and 100% were vaccinated in these four public medical schools in Malaysia. Sociodemographic factors (age group and Indian ethnicity) have an association with only good knowledge but none with the level of attitude and practice towards COVID-19 immunisation.
Association between Level of Knowledge Gained, Confidence, Motivation and Flexibility on Types of Learning for Bedside Teaching among Clinical Students in Four Malaysian Medical Schools during COVID-19 Pandemic Kamilia Zainal Maaruf, Wei Kiat Ngio, Koustubak Balakrishnan, Nurul Hayati Mohamad Zainal, Norsuhana Omar, et al. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2022 Introduction: With the arise of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher institutions are forced to change the method of delivery for bedside teaching sessions from face-to-face to online learning. However, online learning was found not effective in delivering practical knowledge and skills to students. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the association between level of knowledge gained, confidence, motivation and flexibility on types of learning for bedside teaching sessions among clinical students in four Malaysian medical schools during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving medical students from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Universiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) were conducted from 1st March 2021 until 6th June 2021. An online questionnaire was distributed and it consisted of 5 sections which cover sociodemographic information, level of knowledge gained, confidence, motivation, and flexibility from bedside teaching session. The data was analysed by using SPSS software program. Results: There is a significant association between the level of knowledge gained, level of confidence, level of motivation and level of flexibility with the type of learning (online or face-to-face) during bedside teaching sessions. Results revealed that students gained a higher level of knowledge (84.9%), higher level of confidence in physical examination (93.3%), higher motivation (82.2%) and higher flexibility (64.1%) during face-to-face bedside teaching sessions compared to online learning. Conclusion: Most of the medical students in four Malaysian medical schools prefer face-to-face learning compared to online learning for bedside teaching sessions.
Toll-like receptor-4: A new target for preterm labour pharmacotherapies? Sarah A. Robertson, Hanan H. Wahid, Peck Yin Chin, Mark R. Hutchinson, Lachlan M. Moldenhauer, et al. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2018 Inflammatory activation, a major driver of preterm birth and subsequent neonatal morbidity, is an attractive pharmacological target for new preterm birth therapeutics. Inflammation elicited by intraamniotic infection is causally associated with preterm birth, particularly in infants delivered ≤34 weeks’ gestation. However, sterile triggers of PTB, including placental ischaemic injury, uterine distention, cervical disease, or imbalance in the immune response, also act through inflammatory mediators released in response to tissue damage. Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) are critical upstream gate-keepers controlling the inflammatory activation that precedes preterm delivery, as well as in normal term labour. In particular, TLR4 is implicated for its capacity to sense and integrate a range of disparate infectious and sterile pro-inflammatory triggers, and so acts as a point-ofconvergence through which a range of infectious and sterile agents can activate and accelerate the parturition cascade. Recent studies point to the TLR4 signalling complex as a tractable target for the inhibition of fetal, placental & intraamniotic inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, studies on mice show that novel small molecule antagonists of TLR4 signalling are highly effective in preventing preterm birth induced by bacterial mimetic LPS, heat-killed E. coli or the TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory lipid, Platelet Activating Factor (PAF). In this review, we discuss the role of TLR4 in regulating the timing of birth and the potential utility of TLR4 antagonists as novel therapeutics for preterm delivery.
Toll-like receptor 4 is an essential upstream regulator of on-time parturition and perinatal viability in mice Hanan H. Wahid, Camilla L. Dorian, Peck Yin Chin, Mark R. Hutchinson, Kenner C. Rice, et al. Endocrinology, 2015 An inflammatory response is instrumental in the physiological process of parturition but the upstream signals initiating inflammation are undefined. Because endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are released in late gestation, we hypothesized that on-time labor requires TLR4 signaling, to trigger a cytokine and leukocyte response and accelerate the parturition cascade. In pregnant TLR4-deficient (Tlr4−/−) mice, average gestation length was extended by 13 hours and increased perinatal mortality was seen compared with wild-type controls. Quantification of cytokine and uterine activation gene expression showed that late gestation induction of Il1b, Il6, Il12b, and Tnf expression seen in control placenta and fetal membranes was disrupted in Tlr4−/− mice, and accompanied by a transient delay in expression of uterine activation genes, including prostaglandin F receptor, oxytocin receptor, and connexin-43. Leukocyte populations were altered before birth in TLR4-deficient females, with fewer neutrophils and macrophages in the placenta, and fewer dendritic cells and more regulatory T cells in the myometrium. Administration of TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide to pregnant wild-type mice induced cytokine expression and fetal loss, whereas Tlr4−/− pregnancies were protected. The small molecule TLR4 antagonist (+)-naloxone increased mean duration of gestation by 16 hours in wild-type mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that TLR4 is a key upstream regulator of the inflammatory response acting to drive uterine activation and control the timing of labor. Because causal pathways for term and preterm labor converge with TLR4, interventions to manipulate TLR4 signaling may have therapeutic utility for women at risk of preterm labor, or in postterm pregnancy.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Role of Platelet Activating Factor as a Mediator of Inflammatory Diseases and Preterm Delivery HH Wahid, FN Anahar, NH Isahak, J Mohd Zoharodzi, ... American Journal of Pathology 194 (6), 862 - 878 , 2024 2024 Citations: 13
The Applications of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Teaching Medical and Dentistry Students: A Review on Advantages and Disadvantages. NH Mohamad Zainal, HH Wahid, M Mahmud, HI Mohd Zahari, N Omar, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 19 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
Association Between the Level of Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude on Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Amongst Medical Students in Four Malaysian Universitie. LH Ze, AA Mohammad Tony, NA Ismanizan, NH Mohamad Zainal, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 19 , 2023 2023
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COVID-19 IMMUNISATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN PUBLIC MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN MALAYSIA: Received 2023-02-01; Accepted 2023-04 … NHM Zainal, SM Ayyub, CF Yi, ANS Zaman, NHM Nor, N Omar, ... Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC) 26 (2), 70-80 , 2023 2023
Association Between Level of Knowledge Gained, Confidence, Motivation and Flexibility on Types of Learning for Bedside Teaching Among Clinical Students in Four Malaysian … KZ Maaruf, NW Kiat, K Balakrishnan, NHM Zainal, N Omar, KMKM Noor, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 18 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Expression of virulence genes in Group B Streptococcus isolated from symptomatic pregnant women with term and preterm delivery. HH Wahid, PFD Mustapha Rounal, AR Selvakumaran, FN Anahar, ... Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 18 (4) , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Virulence-genes Rib and Bca in Serotypes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolated from Symptomatic Pregnant Women in East Coast Malaysia A Bahez, MIADM Mahmud, HA Hamzah, HH Wahid IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 20 (3) , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone Protects Against Carbamyl-Platelet Activating Factor (cPAF)-Induced Preterm Labor in Mice HH Wahid, PY Chin, DJ Sharkey, KR Diener, MR Hutchinson, KC Rice, ... American Journal of Pathology 190 (5), 1030–1045 , 2020 2020 Citations: 25
Utility of Small Molecule TLR4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone in Suppression Of Preterm Birth Induced In Mice By Platelet Activating Factor S Roberston, HH Wahid IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 17 (1) , 2018 2018
Toll-like Receptor-4: A New Target for Preterm Labour Pharmacotherapies? R Sarah A, W Hanan H, H Peck Yin, Mark R, M Lachlan M, K Jeffrey A Current Pharmaceutical Design 24 (9), 960 - 969 , 2018 2018 Citations: 32
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 SIGNALLING IN INFLAMMATION PATHWAYS TO TERM AND PRETERM DELIVERY HHB Wahid School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide … , 2017 2017
National medical care statistics 2014 S Sivasampu, Y Lim, AR Norazida, WY Hwong, PP Goh Kuala Lumpur: National Clinical Research Centre , 2016 2016 Citations: 5
Toll-like receptor 4 is an essential upstream regulator of on-time parturition and perinatal viability in mice HH Wahid, CL Dorian, Chin, P Yin, MR Hutchinson, KC Rice, DM Olson, ... Endocrinology 156 (10), 3828-3841 , 2015 2015 Citations: 92
HWONG WY, SIVASAMPU S, AISYAH A, SHANTHA KUMAR C GOH PP, H AN 2014
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Toll-like receptor 4 is an essential upstream regulator of on-time parturition and perinatal viability in mice HH Wahid, CL Dorian, Chin, P Yin, MR Hutchinson, KC Rice, DM Olson, ... Endocrinology 156 (10), 3828-3841 , 2015 2015 Citations: 92
Toll-like Receptor-4: A New Target for Preterm Labour Pharmacotherapies? R Sarah A, W Hanan H, H Peck Yin, Mark R, M Lachlan M, K Jeffrey A Current Pharmaceutical Design 24 (9), 960 - 969 , 2018 2018 Citations: 32
Toll-Like Receptor-4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone Protects Against Carbamyl-Platelet Activating Factor (cPAF)-Induced Preterm Labor in Mice HH Wahid, PY Chin, DJ Sharkey, KR Diener, MR Hutchinson, KC Rice, ... American Journal of Pathology 190 (5), 1030–1045 , 2020 2020 Citations: 25
Role of Platelet Activating Factor as a Mediator of Inflammatory Diseases and Preterm Delivery HH Wahid, FN Anahar, NH Isahak, J Mohd Zoharodzi, ... American Journal of Pathology 194 (6), 862 - 878 , 2024 2024 Citations: 13
The Applications of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Teaching Medical and Dentistry Students: A Review on Advantages and Disadvantages. NH Mohamad Zainal, HH Wahid, M Mahmud, HI Mohd Zahari, N Omar, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 19 , 2023 2023 Citations: 9
National medical care statistics 2014 S Sivasampu, Y Lim, AR Norazida, WY Hwong, PP Goh Kuala Lumpur: National Clinical Research Centre , 2016 2016 Citations: 5
Virulence-genes Rib and Bca in Serotypes of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Isolated from Symptomatic Pregnant Women in East Coast Malaysia A Bahez, MIADM Mahmud, HA Hamzah, HH Wahid IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 20 (3) , 2021 2021 Citations: 2
Association Between Level of Knowledge Gained, Confidence, Motivation and Flexibility on Types of Learning for Bedside Teaching Among Clinical Students in Four Malaysian … KZ Maaruf, NW Kiat, K Balakrishnan, NHM Zainal, N Omar, KMKM Noor, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 18 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Expression of virulence genes in Group B Streptococcus isolated from symptomatic pregnant women with term and preterm delivery. HH Wahid, PFD Mustapha Rounal, AR Selvakumaran, FN Anahar, ... Malaysian Journal of Microbiology 18 (4) , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
Association Between the Level of Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude on Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Amongst Medical Students in Four Malaysian Universitie. LH Ze, AA Mohammad Tony, NA Ismanizan, NH Mohamad Zainal, ... Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences 19 , 2023 2023
THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS COVID-19 IMMUNISATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN PUBLIC MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN MALAYSIA: Received 2023-02-01; Accepted 2023-04 … NHM Zainal, SM Ayyub, CF Yi, ANS Zaman, NHM Nor, N Omar, ... Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC) 26 (2), 70-80 , 2023 2023
Utility of Small Molecule TLR4 Antagonist (+)-Naltrexone in Suppression Of Preterm Birth Induced In Mice By Platelet Activating Factor S Roberston, HH Wahid IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia 17 (1) , 2018 2018
TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4 SIGNALLING IN INFLAMMATION PATHWAYS TO TERM AND PRETERM DELIVERY HHB Wahid School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide … , 2017 2017
HWONG WY, SIVASAMPU S, AISYAH A, SHANTHA KUMAR C GOH PP, H AN 2014