Waste Materials for the Phosphorus Adsorption Study Vandana Patyal, Dipika Jaspal, Kanchan Khare Clean Soil Air Water, 2025 Using waste materials as adsorbents helps in attaining the goal of the circular economy for sustainable environmental development. Numerous wastes have undergone testing for their potential for the adsorption of contaminants and toxicants. The motive of the presented work was to appraise the phosphorus (P) adsorption capacities and physicochemical characteristics of brick and tile waste for use as a substrate in the constructed wetlands (CWs). The data showed that the P adsorption capacity for materials increased with the initial concentration. The nonlinear regression analysis of the experimental data revealed that the Langmuir isotherm was more suitable for the brick waste and tile waste study. For brick waste, the maximum adsorption was 1.86 mg/g, and for tile waste, it was 0.65 mg/g. The P adsorption capacity of both materials was reduced in batch studies with domestic wastewater. The increase in pH of the solution greatly reduced the adsorption capacity of brick waste, whereas the reduction was marginal for tile waste. The microstructure of both materials showed the presence of pores on the uneven surface, which increased the specific surface area and facilitated adsorption. The ability of both materials to adsorb in column studies was less compared to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption value due to the dynamic environment setting. Both materials showed the potential for use as substrates in the CW for the elimination of P.
Identification of Significant Attributes for the Development of an Assessment Tool Applicable to Green Campuses in India Mahale Janhavi, Khare Kanchan E3s Web of Conferences, 2024 Green campuses play a significant role in transforming societies and fostering a sustainable future as they are anticipated to make a significant contribution toward environmental sustainability. The evaluation and prioritization of the green campus initiatives are likely to be underresearched. The global movement toward green building initiated following the development of various green building rating tools (GBRT) for assessment. These tools require modification to account for sustainability considerations. When applied to educational campuses in India, the limitations of the eight existing GBRTs were revealed. To address these limitations, a scientific study of eight GBRTs including two Indian GBRTs such as Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) and other six international GBRTs like Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) was conducted. This study identified significant green attributes for green campuses, with a particular focus on green campuses in India. A questionnaire survey was conducted to gather data on these attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 249 valid responses from the survey, resulting in the extraction of 56 significant attributes of green campuses under nine components. This study discusses the significant attributes identified through this analysis.
Assessment of recycled treated wastewater for sustainable tomato crop production: A comprehensive review Sagar Kolekar, Pranav Sankapal, Kanchan Khare, Pennan Chinnasamy Environmental Challenges, 2023 The availability of water is decreasing, especially in areas where natural water supplies are severely depleted. Of the water uses, agricultural water use accounts are the highest. The reclaimed water or treated wastewater provides nutrients to the crop. It reduces fertilizer application rate so gives economic benefit to the farmers. However, the use of reclaimed water for crops is still not well understood, and in some regions not accepted. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a detailed literature review on the use of reclaimed water for crops. This paper aims to provide a review of the impacts of treated wastewater on soil properties and tomato based on various parameters. This review also helps to decide physical, chemical, and biological parameters to be tested for soil and fruit while researching the reuse of treated wastewater for agriculture. From the review, it can be concluded that by using treated wastewater as an irrigation source for tomatoes, soil fertility increases but the porosity and permeability of soil decreases. In the case of treated wastewater, the crop yield is improved by 21 to 59%, but there was no significant impact on fruit quality. There was no change observed in the size of fruits but microbial contamination was increased in many cases. This review also concludes that the Heavy Metal Concentration Factor (HMCF) changes with a variety of tomatoes but there is not much variation for the same type of tomato variety when irrigated with wastewater having different quality. Overall, the wastewater should be treated and then can be reused for the tomato crop.
Support Vector Regression Models of Stormwater Quality for a Mixed Urban Land Use Mugdha P. Kshirsagar, Kanchan C. Khare Hydrology, 2023 The present study is an attempt to model the stormwater quality of a stream located in Pune, India. The city is split up into twenty-three basins (named A to W) by the Pune Municipal Corporation. The selected stream lies in the haphazardly expanded peri-urban G basin. The G basin has constructed stormwater drains which open up in this selected open stream. The runoff over the regions picks up the non-point source pollutants which are also added to the selected stream. The study becomes more complex as the stream is misused to dump trash materials, garbage and roadside litter, which adds to the stormwater pollution. Experimental investigations include eleven distinct locations on a naturally occurring stream in the G basin. Stormwater samples were collected for twenty-two storm events, for the monsoon season over four years from 2018–2021, during and after rainfall. The physicochemical characteristics were analyzed for twelve water quality parameters, including pH, Conductivity, Turbidity, Total solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Phosphate, Ammonia and Nitrate. The Water Quality Index (WQI) ranged from 46.9 to 153.9 and from 41.20 to 87.70 for samples collected during and immediately after the rainfall, respectively. Principal Component Analysis was used to extract the most significant stormwater quality parameters. To understand the non-linear complex relationship of rainfall characteristics with significant stormwater pollutant parameters, a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model with Radial Basis Kernel Function (RBF) was developed. The Support Vector Machine is a powerful supervised algorithm that works best on smaller datasets but on complex ones with the help of kernel tricks. The accuracy of the model was evaluated based on normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and the ratio of performance to the interquartile range (RPIQ). The SVR model depicted the best performance for parameter TS with NRMSE (0.17), R2 (0.82) and RPIQ (2.91). The unit increase or decrease in the coefficients of rainfall characteristics displays the weighted deviation in the values of pollutant parameters. Non-linear Support Vector Regression models confirmed that both antecedent dry days and rainfall are correlated with significant stormwater quality parameters. The conclusions drawn can provide effective information to decision-makers to employ an appropriate treatment train approach of varied source control measures (SCM) to be proposed to treat and mitigate runoff in an open stream. This holistic approach serves the stakeholder’s objectives to manage stormwater efficiently. The research can be further extended by selecting a multi-criteria decision-making tool to adopt the best SCM and its multiple potential combinations.
Modelling Pollutant Build-up of Fines for a Peri-Urban Region: A Case Study of Pune Metropolitan City, India Mugdha Kshirsagar, Kanchan Khare International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 2023 This paper demonstrates the results of extensive field investigations of the build-up of fines on impermeable surfaces in a peri-urban region of Pune Metropolitan City, India, during the winter months. The build-up study was carried out in four different locations based on the varied land use type on concrete or bitumen surfaces. The build-up varies with various environmental and geographical characteristics & is an extremely dynamic process. The build-up was found to be highest in commercial followed by the developing land, residential and urban-rural localities, respectively. Taking into consideration total solids (TS) as prime factors for this analysis, the power equation showed the best fit of the build-up model. The field experiment’s results showed that the build-up process is significantly location-specific; build-up rates vary mainly with road characteristics, road traffic volume, and land usage. The relations between the major prominent parameters of the influencing buildup and the coefficients were evaluated. The multiplication coefficient ‘a’ is positively co-related with sweeping frequency and percentage of residential area while negatively co-related with traffic volume. The coefficient ‘b’ is influenced by traffic volume, roughness index and surface type. The results provide a wider perspective into the particle build-up process and can be further taken up for wash-off model equation formulation. These interpretations will be helpful to decision-makers in the development of sustainable stormwater management practices.
Laboratory Experiments for Devising a Hybrid Seawall Science and Technology Asia, 2023
Performance enhancement of constructed wetlands for wastewater remediation by modifications and integration of technologies: A review Vandana Patyal, Dipika Jaspal, Kanchan Khare Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2023 Abstract Constructed wetland (CW) has gained popularity as an eco‐friendly technology for ease of operation and maintenance. This article critically reviews and summarizes the research carried out to date on several approaches for integration of CW with other methods of treatment, exploring several novel modes of operation and factors, to improve the remediation capacity of the CW system. The study shows that the use of different modes of aeration, recirculation of the effluent, hydraulic retention time, and organic loading rate not only improves the removal efficiency of the treatment system but also helps in reducing the surface area required for the system in the treatment of emerging contaminants. The integrated approach analysis gives an insight into the different technologies, which can be coupled with CW for fast, sustainable, and eco‐efficient treatment systems for different types of wastewater. Anaerobic technologies and microbial fuel cell (MFC) have the added advantage of energy generation apart from wastewater treatment, which helps in reducing carbon footprints. Optimization of pollutant treatment in wastewater and electricity generation by CW‐MFC has emerged to be an upcoming area of research. The study disseminates knowledge about the latest developments in the field of intensified CW technology with a focus on modifications and integrated systems, which help in identifying the potential areas of research worth addressing in the future.
