Impact of Bacterization with Anabaena flos-aquae and Pseudomonas putida and Salicylic Acid Treatment on Cold Resistance in Leguminous Plants , Olha Vinnikova, Anna Drofa, , Iryna Raievska, and Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, 2024 The paper presents the results of studying the eff ects of exposure of pea (Pisum sativum) and been (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds or young sprouts to low temperature (4°C) with preliminary treatment of seeds with salicylic acid (SA), or with pure cultures of Anabaena flos-aquae or Pseudomonas putida, or with their mixture. Cold exposure lasting 24 hrs was carried out immediately or 7 days after SA treatment or bacterization of seeds. Morphometric parameters of roots and sprouts, permeability of cell membranes in leaves, activity of polyphenol oxidase and state of actin filaments in root cells were measured. Pea and bean plants differ in cold resistance, and their growth responses to low temperature exposure were multidirectional. Treatment with SА immediately before exposure to cold had a positive effect on cold resistance of pea plants. Under the delayed cold stress, seed bacterization with single bacteria suspensions or their mixture contributed to the development of cold resistance in beans. Bacterization of seeds presumably reduced the permeability of cell membranes in leaves of both plant species and improved the state of actin filaments in root cells. In general, some protective effect for peas was observed due to either bacterial or SА treatment of seeds. In bean plants, the meaningful protective effect occurred after seed bacterization only.
GENES OF PHOTOPERIODIC SENSITIVITY AND EARLY MATURITY E1-E4: DYNAMICS OF SOYBEAN GROWTH IN DIFFERENT DAYLENGTH CONDITIONS , Iryna Raievska, Andrii Schogolev, and Biologicni Studii, 2024 Background. Morphometric indicators are crucial for evaluating the development and productivity of soybeans. They are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The use of nearly isogenic soybean lines is a convenient model for determining the impact of early maturity genes and daylength on growth indicators. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different daylengths and early maturity genes on soybean morphometric indicators under conditions of the temperate zone (at the latitude of Kharkiv – 50° N). Materials and Methods. The study involved nearly isogenic soybean lines of the “Clark” cultivar with varying sensitivity to daylength. The research covers the results of field experiments over three seasons using different soybean lines. After reaching the V3 stage, some plants were subjected to short-day conditions for 14 days. Morphological indicators of ten plants per experimental variant were determined: plant height, dry weight, leaf number, and leaf surface area of soybean plants. Morphometric measurements were taken on the day of the beginning of different daylength treatments and on days 7, 14 and 21. The study results are presented as the mean values of the investigated parameters (plant height, dry weight, number of leaves and leaf surface area of soybean plants). Results. It was shown that under long-day conditions, dominant alleles of the E1 and E3 genes increased the dry weight of plants, while the dominant allele E2 increased plant height. The dominant allele E4 had no significant effect on plant height and weight indicators of soybean plants. Plants with dominant alleles of genes E1-E4 under long-day conditions had smaller leaf area compared to lines with recessive alleles of these genes. Conclusions. The obtained results on the relationships between genetic and environmental factors in influencing soybean plant height, weight, and leaf area can be useful in improving soybean yield and selecting cultivars that will be productive in high latitude conditions.
Genetic variation in four maturity genes and photoperiod insensitivity effects on the yield components and on the growth duration periods of soybean I. M. Raievska, A. S. Schogolev Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2023 Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a typical short-day and thermophilic crop. Absence of or low sensitivity to photoperiod is necessary for short-day crops to adapt to high latitudes. Photoperiod insensitivity in soybeans is controlled by two genetic systems and involves three important maturity genes: E1, a repressor for two soybean orthologs of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T, and E3 and E4, which are phytochrome A genes. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of four maturity genes (E1 through E4) on the yield components, seed quality and on phasic development of near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean: short-day (SD) lines with genotype e1E2E3E4e5E7, e1E2E3e4e5E7, E1e2e3E4e5E7 and photoperiodic insensitive (PPI) lines with genotype e1e2E3E4e5E7, e1e2e3E4e5E7 under a long photoperiod (the natural day length of 50 latitude) conditions and short day conditions. The results of the study showed that soybean development processes under conditions of different day lengths depend on the dominant/recessive state of the main maturity genes. In addition, the response to the photoperiod depends on certain combinations of genes. SD lines began flowering on average 16.9% later under the conditions of a natural long photoperiod. Dominant alleles of genes E1 and E3 extended the pre- and post-flowering phases under conditions of exposure to long and short photoperiods. The dominant allele of the E1 gene delayed the onset of flowering by an average of 26.9%, and the period of full maturity by 39.8% compared to the recessive e1. The dominant allele of the E3 gene, compared to the recessive e3, lengthened the transition to flowering by an average of 16.1%, and the period of full ripeness by 27.1%. The dominant allele of the E2 gene lengthened the duration of the vegetative phase by 20% under the conditions of a long photoperiod. No significant influence of the dominant E4 allele on the duration of the vegetative and generative phases of soybean development was found in our study. PPI lines begin flowering under the conditions of a long and short photoperiod at the same time, but the phases of flowering and full seed maturity in the line with genotype e1e2e3E4e5E7 occurred earlier, due to the loss of the photoperiod sensitivity of the E3 gene. PPI line with genotype e1e2e3E4e5E7 proved to be the most insensitive line to the effect of different photoperiod durations among the studied lines. It was shown that the dominant alleles of E1–E4 maturity genes reduced the parameters of seed weight per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds under the conditions of a natural long photoperiod in comparison with recessive alleles of these genes. The maximum weight of seeds per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds were recorded in the PPI line with genotype e1e2e3E4e5E7. It should be noted that the dominant alleles E1 and E3 increased yield under conditions of a short photoperiod. Maturity genes had different effects on the biochemical composition of seeds. It was shown that soybean lines with dominant E1, E2 and E4 genes showed a higher content of starch and a lower content of total nitrogen and oil in seeds under natural photoperiod conditions compared to lines with recessive alleles of these genes. The dominant E3 allele reduced the oil content and did not affect the starch and total nitrogen content of seeds under long day conditions compared to the recessive e3 allele. The analysis of the effect of photoperiod on the timing of phenophases, yield structure indicators and biochemical composition of seeds in soybean plants with different sensitivity to photoperiod showed that the PPI line with the genotype e1e2e3E4e5E7 was the most adapted to the natural conditions of 50 degrees latitude. The PPI line with the genotype e1e2e3E4e5E7 was characterized by the shortest phases of days from sowing to flowering and full maturity. As a result, this line had the shortest growing season without reducing the yield and seed quality. Clearly, photoperiod had strong effects on all stages of plant reproduction and often acted indirectly, as shown by delayed responses expressed in later phases of development. The obtained results can be useful for the selection of soybean cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of cultivation of Kharkiv region.
Effects of bacterization on the development of Zea mays during droughts in the conditions of a vegetation experiment O. I. Vinnikova, A. S. Schogolev, I. M. Raievska Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2023 Sustainable agriculture is a concept developed in the late 20th century to promote the production of crops using the biological capabilities of cultivated organisms while minimizing the human impact on agrocenoses. In recent years, the discovery of new types of bacteria that positively impact plant growth has opened up opportunities for the development of effective microbiological preparations and they offer promising prospects for adaptive crop production, enabling farmers to adjust to changing environmental conditions while reducing reliance on anthropogenic inputs. Corn, as the third most important grain crop after wheat and rice, is sensitive to a lack of moisture. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of adaptation and resistance of this plant to drought remains an urgent task. The aim of the work was to determine the effect of bacterization of Zea mays ("Early gourmet 121") seeds by strains of rhizobacteria on the development of corn under conditions of artificial drought in a vegetation experiment. Strains of bacteria with known properties useful for plant growth and development were used – Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas putida, Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum. The study investigated the indicators of seedlings and the content of mono-, oligo-, and soluble sugars in the leaves and the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the roots. The results showed that bacterization of seeds with suspensions of P. putida led to an increase in the length of roots in plants grown under moisture deficit conditions and significantly affected the above-ground parts. Positive effects on the mass of the above-ground parts were observed when seeds were bacterized with suspensions of P. putida, A. chroococcum and a mixture of bacterial suspensions and grown under sufficient irrigation. A similar positive effect occurred when seeds were bacterized only with a mixture of suspensions of the tested bacteria under drought conditions. Bacterization of corn seeds with P. putida or A. brasilense resulted in increased root mass and sugar accumulation in leaves when growing seedlings under conditions of moisture deficit. Additionally, inoculation of P. putida or A. chroococcum seeds increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme in seedling roots. While the bacteria showed a positive impact on corn development under some conditions, this effect was not observed when there was sufficient moisture. Therefore, we believe that a more promising approach for developing biological preparations based on beneficial microorganisms is to explore combinations of multiple soil bacteria strains. By identifying a mix of bacteria that can effectively stimulate plant growth in both stressed and favourable conditions, we can maximize the potential benefits for crop production. Such combinations of bacteria may enhance plant growth and yield not only during drought stress but also under optimal conditions, providing a more robust and reliable solution for crop management.
Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria A. S. Schogolev, I. M. Raievska Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2021 Nitrogen deficiency is a limiting factor in increasing efficiency of crop production in terrestrial ecosystems, and the transformation of inert nitrogen to forms that can be assimilated by plants is mediated by soil microorganisms. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and roots depend on each other and have developed various mechanisms for symbiotic coexistence. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.): short-day (SD) line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and photoperiodic insensitive (PPI) line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) grown from seeds inoculated with active strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum against the background of local populations of diazotrophs of the genus Azotobacter spp. and establish how the soybean – Bradyrhizobium symbiosis will develop as the genes of both microsymbionts and macrosymbionts are responsible for the formation of the symbiotic complex. Plants were grown in a vegetation chamber, in sand culture. To assess the quantitative composition of microorganisms in the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes, 6 plants were selected from each soybean line, then separation of the zones of the rhizosphere and rhizoplanes was performed using the method of washing and the resulting suspension was used for inoculation on dense nutrient media (mannitol-yeast agar medium and Ashby medium). The results of study showed that seed inoculation and co-inoculation provides faster formation of the symbiotic soybean – Bradyrhizobium complex. Differences in nodulation rates between the short-day line with genotype Е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7), and a photoperiodic insensitive line with genotype е1е2е3(Е4е5Е7) were identified. Determination of the amount of B. japonicum on the medium of mannitol-yeast agar in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant increase in the amount B. japonicum in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane in both soybean lines, comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Then, co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + Azotobacter chroococcum significantly increased the amount of B. japonicum only in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere. Determination of the amount of A. chroococcum on the Ashby elective medium in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane showed that the inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b caused a significant decrease in the amount of A. chroococcum both in the rhizosphere and in the rhizoplane of the PPI line of soybean, and in the rhizosphere the SD line, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. That can testify to the competitive interaction of these microorganisms. However, the co-inoculation by B. japonicum strain 634b + A. chroococcum in the SD line significantly increased the number of A. chroococcum in the rhizoplane and decreased their number in the rhizosphere, in the PPI line their number decreased in the rhizoplane and increased in the rhizosphere, in comparison with non-inoculated seeds. Probably, the E genes (their dominant or recessive state) of soybean isogenic lines affect the regulation of the content and distribution of sugars. It was established that the nitrogen deficiency stimulated development of the root system of plants and the synthesized sugars were distributed predominantly to the root system growth. We suppose that the seeds’ inoculation had extended sugar consumption to the symbiont, due to which it compensates the lack of nitrogen, but leads to a slower growth of the root system.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Effects of bacterization on the development of Zea mays during droughts in the conditions of a vegetation experiment OI Vinnikova, AS Schogolev, IM Raievska Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14 (2), 225-233 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Genetic variation in four maturity genes and photoperiod insensitivity effects on the yield components and on the growth duration periods of soybean IM Raievska, AS Schogolev Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14 (1), 55-63 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria RIM Schogolev A.S. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12 (2), 326-334 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria RIM Schogolev A.S. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12 (2), 326-334 , 2021 2021
Мікобіота ґрунту під посівами озимої пшениці в умовах внесення добрив і різних систем обробітку МІ Лобода, ІМ Раєвська «Біологія: від молекули до біосфери». Матеріали X Міжнародної конференції … , 2015 2015
Влияние агротехнических приемов на биологическую активность почвы АГ Птушко, ИН Раевская «Біологія: від молекули до біосфери». Матеріали X Міжнародної конференції … , 2015 2015
Влияние препаратов Аверком и Аверком-nova на физиолого-биохимические процессы у озимой пшеницы на ранних этапах онтогенеза ИН Раевская, ЛА Билявская, ВВ Жмурко Регуляція росту і розвитку рослин: фізіолого-біохімічні і генетичні … , 2014 2014
Визначення чисельності азотфіксувальних бактерій та целюлозолітичної активності мікроорганізмів і грунту під посівами Triticum aestivum L. ОІ Віннікова, ІМ Моргуль Фізіологія рослин: проблеми та перспективи розвитку: у 2 т. / НАН України … , 2009 2009
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria RIM Schogolev A.S. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12 (2), 326-334 , 2021 2021 Citations: 6
Genetic variation in four maturity genes and photoperiod insensitivity effects on the yield components and on the growth duration periods of soybean IM Raievska, AS Schogolev Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14 (1), 55-63 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Effects of bacterization on the development of Zea mays during droughts in the conditions of a vegetation experiment OI Vinnikova, AS Schogolev, IM Raievska Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 14 (2), 225-233 , 2023 2023 Citations: 2
Role of nitrogen deficiency on growth and development near isogenic by E genes lines of soybean co-inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria RIM Schogolev A.S. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 12 (2), 326-334 , 2021 2021
Мікобіота ґрунту під посівами озимої пшениці в умовах внесення добрив і різних систем обробітку МІ Лобода, ІМ Раєвська «Біологія: від молекули до біосфери». Матеріали X Міжнародної конференції … , 2015 2015
Влияние агротехнических приемов на биологическую активность почвы АГ Птушко, ИН Раевская «Біологія: від молекули до біосфери». Матеріали X Міжнародної конференції … , 2015 2015
Влияние препаратов Аверком и Аверком-nova на физиолого-биохимические процессы у озимой пшеницы на ранних этапах онтогенеза ИН Раевская, ЛА Билявская, ВВ Жмурко Регуляція росту і розвитку рослин: фізіолого-біохімічні і генетичні … , 2014 2014
Визначення чисельності азотфіксувальних бактерій та целюлозолітичної активності мікроорганізмів і грунту під посівами Triticum aestivum L. ОІ Віннікова, ІМ Моргуль Фізіологія рослин: проблеми та перспективи розвитку: у 2 т. / НАН України … , 2009 2009
