Dr. Vivek Arya

Scopus Publications

8 × 200 Gbps Hybrid PON and Digital Filter Multiple Access Incorporating Fiber-FSO Link Impairments in a Wheel Architecture
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Wiley
ABSTRACTDigital filter multiple access passive optical network (DFMA‐PON) is adopted in recent years as it offers the high bandwidth, elastic network slicing, low latency, fixed data rate, and massive end‐user comparability. To overcome limited system capacity, low transmission rate and fiber fault in existing DFMA‐PONs, a wheel architecture based full‐duplex 8 × 200 Gbps DFMA‐PON integrated system using fiber and free space optics (FSO) link is presented in this paper. Results depict that maximum FSO channel range can be attained up to 2600 m together with 50 km fiber range under weak‐to‐strong turbulent, haze, rain, fog, and snow conditions. Besides, faithful fiber reach of 200 km can be obtained with fixed 100 m FSO distance at receiver sensitivity of −17.2 dBm and 1.5 dB power penalty. System can support 230 numbers end units at high optical signal to noise ratio of 29–88 dB with 50–200 Gbps throughput, together with high split ratio of 256 to −3.2 dB high gain as well as 2 dB noise figure. In addition, the comparative analysis with the previous work reveals that the proposed architecture offers optimum results than existing PONs. This system helps to enhance the disaster resilience with high network security, reliability, and survivability of 5G based networks.

Realization of 32 × 4 × 40 Gbps PDM/MDM-FSO system using orbital angular momentum beams
Vivek Arya
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract A mode division multiplexing (MDM)-based free space optics (FSO) system is considered as a potential contender to offer an ultra-high capacity wireless connection. Also, polarization division multiplexing (PDM) technique is extensively used in an FSO system to tackle the costing issue in the multiservice providers’ scenario. Thus, a PDM/MDM-FSO system using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for 128 users is proposed to enhance the spectral efficiency as well system capacity. OAM [0, 0] and OAM [1, 0] modes are operated under the severe climate conditions. The results exhibit that the system offers maximum FSO range of 3,300 m at 32 × 4 × 40 Gbps transmission rate under very clear, light rain, and haze atmospheric conditions. Besides, for acceptable quality factor of value 6, received power of −16 to −13 dBm is obtained for all operating modes and polarization beams under very clear condition over 2,000 m range. It is also seen that maximum beam divergence of 4.3–7 mrad can be sustained with the polarized OAM beams. As compared to existing works, this work indicates best performance in terms of link capacity, spectral efficiency, and data rate.

Disaster resilience hybrid ring-mesh topology basics integrated PON/FSO system incorporating 2D-MFRS code
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract This work proposes a hybrid ring-mesh topology basics bidirectional 4 × 40/40  Gbps integrated passive optical network/free space optics (PON/FSO) system. The system incorporates two-dimensional modified fixed right shifting (2D-MFRS) code with enhanced disaster resilience and fault protection capability especially in remote places where the primary fibre may be destroyed. The obtained results depict that proposed system supporting 250 subscribers can provides faithful hybrid 100 km fiber and 1 km FSO transmission. Also, maximum FSO range of 21 km with fixed 50 km fiber distance can be obtained concerning weak-to-strong turbulent and rain with fog weather conditions. In addition, it also offers −39 dB m receiver sensitivity and the proposed design is superb over other work.

A novel broadband and high-gain compact annular ring microstrip antenna for satellite applications
Vivek Arya and Tanuj Garg
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
AbstractThis article presents a novel compact design of an annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA), which has two stacked annular rings and is fabricated on a FR4 substrate for radar and satellite applications. The presence of different kinds of slots made the design of the recommended antenna very unique for Ku band applications. This novel compact structure of the antenna provided enhanced bandwidth and high gain. The suggested antenna works in Ku band and has 2.70 GHz bandwidth and 8.42 dB gain, which makes it suitable for satellite applications. The quality parameters of the proposed annular ring microstrip antenna have been compared with other existing annular ring microstrip antennas, which shows its efficient performance.

Realization of high-speed OWC links by incorporating hybrid OCDMA and MDM scheme for HAP-to-satellite applications
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Wheel-based 5G fronthaul/backhaul hybrid MDM-NGPON/FSO system under Gamma-Gamma turbulence and weather effects
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Wiley
SummaryThis work presents the bidirectional and symmetric 40 Gbps wheel architecture comprising 16 channels‐based bidirectional hybrid next generation passive optical network with free space optics (NGPON/FSO) system using mode division multiplexing (MDM) scheme. The system incorporates a low‐cost high bandwidth and integrated time and wavelength division multiplexing with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TWDM‐OFDM) for data transmission over mixed fiber‐FSO links to various end users at donut modes 0 and 1. This system enhances the fifth generation (5G)‐based networks reliability, survivability, and flexibility, especially in rural places where the core fiber link may be damaged/destroyed under diverse turbulent and weather conditions. The obtained results depict the faithful multimode fiber range of 100 km with fixed FSO range of 100 m at −17 dBm receiver sensitivity and low power penalty of 0.2 dB at 10−9 bit error rate. Maximum FSO range of 2800 m under weak‐to‐strong Gamma‐Gamma turbulence and the effect of fog, rain, snow, and snow with rain can be obtained successfully with fixed 50 km fiber length. Also, the proposed wheel architecture provides superior performance over hybrid ring‐mesh architecture with high split ratio of 1:64. Moreover, the system can sustain up to 70 remote nodes at symmetric 10 Gbps throughput providing high gain, high optical signal‐to‐noise ratio, and low noise figure. The comparative literature work also reveals that the proposed architecture offers high bandwidth, security, long‐reach, and cost‐effectiveness in 5G fronthaul/backhaul networks.

Historical development of passive optical network (PON): A review
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, and Arun Kumar Rana
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract Communication networks are forced to transition to optical access networks in order to boost the information rate of transmission due to huge utilization of internet. Passive optical networks (PONs) are a highly developed and promising technology that offers low cost design, high bandwidth, and information rate for both residential and commercial use. PON uses the passive components incorporating couplers, splitters, as well as combiners. Compared to modern access networks, PON features bidirectional capabilities, cost-effectiveness, high resource efficiency, transparency, privacy, flexibility, along with upgradeability. Due to these ever increasing demands for high bandwidth, high capacity, and long reach communication for next generation networks, next generation passive optical networks (NG-PONs) are optimum choice. It provides cost-effective, energy efficient network architecture and can be realized in integrated wired/wireless network scenarios for fronthaul/backhaul data transmissions. This paper reviews the standardization process of PON that led to the development of the NG-PON. The detail literature review of various technologies related to PON and NG-PON has been conducted. Potential drawbacks of NG-PON as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various strategies are also discussed besides the future scope. Meanwhile it offers long haul high bandwidth hybrid scenarios. The futuristic PON networks may be realized for high undersea, satellite, and beyond sixth generation (6G) networks.

Realization of 4 × 10 Gbps FSO-WDM System Incorporating Flattening Filter
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Akanksha Singh, and Albert Kisku
IEEE
The free space optics (FSO) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based system supports and contributes to the various services provided by big data, AI, online gaming, and 5G+ mobile networks. Additionally, the WDM access system may provide extended and long-reach coverage, high channel capacity, and high flexibility. Thus, a 40Gbps FSO-WDM system incorporating gain flattening filter is realized as well as investigated. It is shown that 500-1600m range at bit error rate of 10-3 is obtained at 10Gbps throughput. The −40dBm received power is achieved w.r.t. −20dBm launch power for distinct wavelengths after 100m range. Also, the system gain of −32 to 0dBm & noise figure of 32dB are obtained successfully and indicates superiority over other existing designs.

Optimization of 4 × 10 Gbps WDM-FSO System Incorporating Gain Flattening Filter
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Akanksha Singh, and Nitesh Kuntal
IEEE
Rapidly expanding internet information traffic currently has exhilarated rising demand for high user access transmission bandwidth. With respected existing bandwidth accessible for future optical network, a significant problem to resolve is growing modern techniques for effective utilization of system bandwidth resources. A 4 × 10Gbps wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and free space optics (FSO) system utilizing gain flattening filter is realized. The maximum range of 100km is obtained at aggregate 40Gbps throughput via simulation analysis. Also, received power of −24dBm is obtained w.r.t. input power of 7.13dBm. The proposed system illustrates wide open eye pattern compared to existing ones.

Four Laguerre–Gaussian mode-division multiplexed incorporated hybrid XG-PON and FSO Gamma Gamma fading system under severe weather conditions
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

A smooth evolution of wavelength complement coding integrated MDM/coherent NGPON incorporating probabilistically shaped-512 QAM
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Flat ball topology basics multi-transceivers 100 km/2.5 Tbps gigabit-ethernet PON architecture for energy efficiency in data centers
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Wiley
AbstractExisting electronic data sources desire high‐power requisites, in order to obtain a large bandwidth, minimum power dissipation and low latency in networks. In this instance, a gigabit ethernet passive optical network (GEPON) architecture based on a dynamic Flat Ball topology incorporating multi‐transceivers to minimize network energy consumption via passive devices along with bandwidth reconfiguration potential and low latency is reported in this paper. The proposed architecture connected with 200 nodes exhibits 26 as well as 40 dB total loss in uplink as well as downlink considerably, compared to Sirius and Sandwich tree. Also, Flat ball GEPON architecture permits 9 and 10 dBm energy saving in downlink as well as uplink, respectively, than conventional GEPON architecture at 1 ms delay. The proposed architecture with 50 Erlang load allows energy ratio of 39% in downlink and 37% in uplink, at 25 × 100 Gbps traffic rate for 55 nodes. Besides this, the faithful fiber range of 100 km considering fiber no‐linearities and impairments can be obtained successfully. The architecture can be bordered with 1:64 splitting ratio with 35 ms in downlink as well as 31 ms in uplink transmission delay at bit error rate of 10−3. Additionally, on comparing the proposed topology with existing architectures depict its superiority with minimal implementation cost, low‐power dissipation, less traffic delay as well as high scalability and high flexibility.

Investigation of OFDM-Based HS-PON Using Front-End LiFiSystem for 5G Networks
Meet Kumari, Mai Banawan, Vivek Arya, and Satyendra Kumar Mishra
MDPI AG
Fifth-generation (5G) technology has enabled faster communication speeds, lower latency, a broader range of coverage, and greater capacity. This research aims to introduce a bidirectional high-speed passive optical network (HS-PON) for 5G applications and services including mobile computing, cloud computing, and fiber wireless convergence. Using 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniques, the system transmits uplinks and downlinks with a pair of four wavelengths each. Light fidelity (LiFi) services are provided with blue light-emitting-diode-based technology. With a threshold bit error rate (BER) of 10−3, the results demonstrate reliable transportation over a 100 km fiber at −17 dBm received power and in a maximum LiFi range of 20 m. Furthermore, the system offers symmetric 4 × 50 Gbps transmission rates under the impact of fiber–LiFi channel impairments with maximum irradiance and incidence half-angles of 500. Additionally, at threshold BER, the system provides a detection surface range from 1.5 to 4 cm2. Compared to existing networks, the system also provides a high gain and low noise figure. A number of features make this system an attractive option. These include its high speed, high reach, high split ratio, low cost, easy upgradeability, pay-as-you-grow properties, high reliability, and ability to accommodate a large number of users.

Enhancing Performance of Millimeter Wave MIMO Antenna with a Decoupling and Common Defected Ground Approach
Poonam Tiwari, Vishant Gahlaut, Meenu Kaushik, Anshuman Shastri, Vivek Arya, Issa Elfergani, Chemseddine Zebiri, and Jonathan Rodriguez
MDPI AG
An approach is presented to enhance the isolation of a two-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna using a decoupling structure and a common defected ground structure (DGS) that physically separates the antennas from each other. The antenna operates in the 24 to 40 GHz frequency range. The innovation in the presented MIMO antenna design involves the novel integration of two arc-shaped symmetrical elements with dimensions of 35 × 35 × 1.6 mm3 placed perpendicular to each other. The benefits of employing an antenna with elements arranged perpendicularly are exemplified by the enhancement of its overall performance metrics. These elements incorporate a microstrip feed featuring a quarter-wave transformer (QWT). This concept synergizes with decoupling techniques and a defected ground structure to significantly enhance isolation in a millimeter wave (mm wave) MIMO antenna. These methods collectively achieve an impressively wide bandwidth. Efficient decoupling methodologies have been implemented, yielding a notable increase of 5 dB in isolation performance. The antenna exhibits 10 dB impedance matching, with a 15 GHz (46.87%) wide bandwidth, excellent isolation of more than 28 dB, and a desirable gain of 4.6 dB. Antennas have been analyzed to improve their performance in mm wave applications by evaluating diversity parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain (DG), with achieved values of 0.0016 and 9.992 dB, respectively. The simulation is conducted using CST software. To validate the findings, experimental investigations have been conducted, affirming the accuracy of the simulations.

Investigation of 2.24Tbps full-duplex integrated multi-beam FSO/MDM-next generation PON under diverse atmospheric conditions
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Elsevier BV

Integrated long reach and energy-efficient NGPON-VLC system with OCDM/WDM for smart green buildings
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Elsevier BV

SIW Leaky Wave Antenna for THz Applications
Vivek Arya, Tanuj Garg, and Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji
MDPI AG
This paper proposes a new design of leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for THz applications. The suggested LWA structure has a combination of longitudinal and transverse slots and makes a 10-element linear array of radiating elements. To address the problem of open-stop-band (OSB), four additional smaller slots were etched on the corners of longitudinal and transversal slots. At the broadside, this LWA provided a gain of 12.33 dBi, and a continuous wide beam scanning range from +78° to −6° via the broadside while exhibiting efficient radiation performance over the operating frequency bands of 105 GHz to 109 GHz with a peak gain of 16.02 dBi.

Modeling of Satellite-to-Underwater Integrated FSO-PON System Using NOMA-VLC
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji, and Syed Alwee Aljunid
MDPI AG
In recent years, optical wireless communication has promised several benefits over radio frequency communication in atmospheric, deep space and underwater communications. Satellite-to-underwater communication technology can be applied to commercial, naval, scientific and engineering operations because of its high data rate, high security, long-reach and low cost. In this paper, a high-speed, long-reach integrated free space optics (FSO)-passive optical network (PON) system using non-orthogonal multiple access visible light communication (NOMA-VLC) is proposed. It poses a 10/2.5 Gbps per channel bit rate for satellite-to-underwater applications. Numerically calculated results provide the splitter power budget of −35 dBm in the downlink and −32 dBm in the uplink. Additionally, a receiver sensitivity of 23 dB in the downlink and 10 dB in the uplink direction can be obtained in the system using a modified new zero cross-correlation (MNZCC) code under clear environment conditions. Again, the simulative analyses indicate that the suggested system supports 290 underwater devices successfully and offers a high 10 dBm signal-to-noise ratio over 10 km FSO, 100 km fiber and 5 m VLC range. Moreover, it provides a signal-to-noise ratio of 39 dB, with −9 dBm received optical power at 300 fields of view under fiber-wireless channels’ impairments. We argue that the suggested system is a symmetric system adapted to different link distances and which offers improved receiver sensitivity and high received optical power at a 10−9 bit error rate (BER). The comparative analysis shows the advantages of the suggested system over previously reported works.

Wheel-Based MDM-PON System Incorporating OCDMA for Secure Network Resiliency
Meet Kumari, Vivek Arya, and Hamza Mohammed Ridha Al-Khafaji
MDPI AG
Wheel-based network resilience passive optical network (PON) based on mode division multiplexing (MDM) can be integrated with optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) schemes efficiently for the fixed and backhaul traffic under normal and break/failure fiber operating conditions. In this work, a bidirectional 10/2.5 Gbit/s hybrid MDM-OCDMA-PON system using multi-weight zero cross-correlation (MWZCC) code is proposed. Donut modes 0 and 1 are incorporated by the MDM technique in the proposed system. The benefit of this work is to offer an inexpensive, high-bandwidth and advanced long-haul network with satisfactory resource utilization ability for fiber links with protection against faults and to improve the reliability along with survivability of the network. The simulation results show the successful realization of the multimode fiber (MMF) link at 1.6 km in the uplink and 1.2 km in the downlink directions under an acceptable bit error rate (BER). The minimum accepted received power of −31 dBm in uplink and −27 dBm in downlink over 1 km link at 10/2.5 Gbit/s rate is obtained. Moreover, the minimum received power of −20 dBm in uplink and −30 dBm downlink is achieved by using MWZCC code compared to other codes handling 58 simultaneous end users. Further, the influence of fiber impairments and connected devices on the proposed approach is numerically evaluated. Moreover, it is shown that the wheel based proposed approach performs well than other topologies for the bidirectional network resilience transmission.

Design of ring-based 1 Tbps hybrid PON-FSO fault protection system using add/drop multiplexer
Meet Kumari and Vivek Arya
Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Design and investigation of hybrid PON-FSO system employing modified NZCC code under distinct weather conditions
Meet Kumari, Yogendra Narayan, and Vivek Arya
Wiley
AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (TWDM‐PON) and wavelength division multiplexing optical code division multiple access (WDM‐OCDMA) with free space optics (FSO) for bidirectional 160/40 Gbps transmission has been proposed. Also, to offer the information to 64 users over 60 km fiber and 600 m FSO channels under diverse climate conditions have been presented. Also, to resist the fiber impairments, interference, noise and losses under the effect of unfavorable climate conditions in hybrid fiber‐FSO link, a modified new zero‐cross correlation (NZCC) code is effectively used in the system to enhance the system ability to access shared bandwidth with users' security. The performance of the designed PON system has been analysed and investigated for diverse FSO (10–600 m) and fiber distance (0–60 km) under distinct climate conditions. Based on mathematical and simulation analysis, the designed system using modified NZCC code is shown to provide better performance than other OCDMA codes. The designed system with hybrid fiber‐FSO link improves the performance of the system in terms of high received optical power of 3 dBm and support 110 users simultaneously at acceptable BER of 10−9, under fiber impairments, climate conditions and turbulences. Additionally, on comparing the designed system's performance with the prior latest work in literature reveals its superiority than others in codes and system design.

Coverage Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review
Vivek Arya, Neha Sharma, Meet Kumari, Abhineet Anand, and Rahul Chauhan
IEEE
A typical definition of the coverage issue in wireless sensor network (WSN) is the degree to which a network field is seen by the sensor nodes. Over the years, this issue has garnered a lot of interest, leading to the development of many covering standards. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a burgeoning topic of study for communication scientists. Maintaining excellent sensing coverage is desirable in WSNs. Coverage is an essential problem in WSNs since it directly correlates to cost, area, and lifetime. In this paper, coverage along with its kinds, and coverage methodologies like Voronoi diagram, Delaunay Triangulation etc. Apart from this, it also outlined the coverage and connection concerns, as well as the protocols used in WSNs. These networks can be utilized for various applications in future.

An Effective Method for the Compression of Images Used in Virtual Environments
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Rahul Chauhan, Neha Sharma, Amit Kumar, and Manish Sharma
IEEE
This research paper introduces a concept for photo compression that utilises the spatial redundancy approach. The proposed method use the discrete cosine transform technique with various block sizes, specifically 8x8, 16x16, 32x32, and 64x64. The process of quantization can be achieved by establishing a set of threshold values at various distances. Due to these aforementioned considerations, the implementation of this strategy is straightforward, requiring less memory usage and may be completed in a shorter duration. The utilization of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) methodology was employed to develop and execute a compression approach for virtual graphics through the utilization of MATLAB. The calculation of the compression ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio was performed for each compressed block to get the ideal results. In order to enhance the analysis of the collected data, utilized the metrics of Compression Ratio (CR) and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), in conjunction with software tools that are applicable across several sectors.

Investigation of Full-Duplex OCDMA-VLLC System for 6G Applications
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Rahul Chauhan, and Neha Sharma
IEEE
A full-duplex symmetric 3×30Gbps optical code division multiple access visible laser light communication (OCDMA-VLLC) system is investigated. The performance is measured using multi-diagonal (MD), hadamard and shift zero-cross correlation (SZCC) codes for various users considering channel impairments. The simulation results depict the faithful VLLC range of 8km is achieved successfully for SZCC code. Also, the system can supports upto 100Gbps throughput and can supports upto 240 users successfully. The system comparison shows its best performance over other existing ones for sixth generation applications.

Bidirectional Laser Based OCDMA-VLC System for Smart Home Applications
Vivek Arya, Meet Kumari, Rahul Chauhan, and Neha Sharma
IEEE
A bidirectional symmetric 3 x35Gbps optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) with visible light communication (VLC) system is presented. The performance is measured using multi-diagonal (MD) code for different users with channel impairments. The simulation results indicate that faithful VLC range of 45m is achieved successfully. Also, the system employing MD code can supports 80 numbers of end users in both downlink as well as upstream transmission. Also, the system shows that best performance over other existing ones for smart home applications.

Dr. Vivek Arya

EDUCATION

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

FUTURE PROJECTS

Scopus Publications

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Dr. Vivek Arya

EDUCATION

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

FUTURE PROJECTS

SIW LWA

Scopus Publications

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS