Analysis of the microbiological quality of yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) sold at farmers markets and supermarkets in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil Fabiana Frazão Frazão, Isadora Fontenelle Carneiro de Castro, Luciana da Silva Bastos, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho, Francisca Neide Costa Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 2025 This study aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of yellow hake (Cynoscionacoupa) sold at farmers markets and supermarkets in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Sixty yellow hake samples, collected at farmers markets and supermarkets, were analyzed at the Food and Water Microbiology Laboratory of the UniversidadeEstadual do Maranhão. In samples from farmers markets, we observed the presence of coliforms at 35°C (93.33%), coliforms at 45°C (80%), and Escherichia coli (13.33%). In samples from supermarkets, we observed the presence of coliforms at 35°C (86.67%) and coliforms at 45°C (46.67%), but not E. coli. The data indicate problems in handling fish throughout the yellow hake production chain, from capture to the point of sale. For both farmers markets and supermarkets, none of the samples showed contamination by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp., Listeria sp., and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Regarding the genus Aeromonas, the most common species was Aeromonas hydrophila, found in 43 (81.13%) samples in farmers markets and supermarkets. We conclude that the samples presented unsatisfactory hygienic and sanitary conditions, presenting a potential risk of contamination of these foods available for sale.
Clinical laboratory profiling and microbiological analysis of the oral cavity of dogs (Canis familiaris) with dental disorders Leonardo Costa Rocha, Emilly de Souza Moraes, Aurioneide Novais Siqueira, Erica Mendes Brandão, Hyanka Jasmyne Costa de Carvalho, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho, Solange de Araujo Melo Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 2024 Periodontal disease (PD) is caused by the accumulation of biofilm in the oral cavity. Biofilm is a viscous, yellowish film that is initially composed of non-pathogenic bacteria; the biofilm creates an environment that is conducive to the proliferation of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria if it is not removed, leading to periodontitis. This study identified the bacteria present in oral cavity samples from 22 dogs with dental disorders and related them to clinical and laboratory findings. To identify these microorganisms, samples were collected and cultivated in a variety of culture media and bacterial identification was carried out using biochemical tests. We also performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests to select the most appropriate treatment for each case. The results showed that the dogs in the study presented with anemia, leukocytosis, and increased plasma protein, which were possibly associated with PD. The most severe periodontal changes were observed in dogs between 6 and 12 years old that consumed moist and/or soft foods. We identified eight species of bacteria, including Klebsiella aerogenes, Pantoea agglomerans, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteria from the genus Clostridium sp. These results highlight the importance of the antibiogram and of restricting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics as complementary treatment for PD.
Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria of the genus Aeromonas and Escherichia coli isolated from samples of yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) Fabiana Frazão Frazão, Luciana da Silva Bastos, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho, Francisca Neide Costa Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2024 The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Aeromonas sp., and Escherichia coli isolated from samples of yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa). We analyzed 53 Aeromonas spp. and four E. coli isolates. We observed increased resistance of E. coli to levofloxacin and sulfa-trimethoprim as well as resistance of Aeromonas spp. to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime. The multiple antimicrobial resistance(MAR) index indicated multidrug resistance in 90.54% (n=48) of Aeromonas spp. isolates and in 50% (n=2) of E. coli isolates. One strain of Aeromonas spp. was resistant to all 11tested antimicrobials (MAR index = 1.00). In vitro,piperacillin + tazobactam was the most effective antimicrobial for E. coli,and cefepime and levofloxacin were the most effective antimicrobials for Aeromonas spp. Therefore, in case of illnesses caused by these microorganisms, these antimicrobials should be used. The multidrug resistance of Aeromonas spp. and E. coli in this study is elevated. This is worrisome considering the increase in bacteria resistant to multiple drugs, reducing the options for successful clinical antimicrobial use.
Physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil Melânia Meneses Lima, Siluana Benvindo Ferreira, Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque, Carlos Kaiser Ferreira de Meneses, Lauro César Soares Feitosa, Katiene Regia Silva Sousa, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho Acta Veterinaria Brasilica, 2021 This study aimed to evaluate the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil. Ten slaughterhouses were visited, using a checklist as an evaluation criterion, seeking to assess the physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of facilities, equipment, handlers, environment, production, and food transportation, during the entire slaughtering process, to verify compliance with current legislation. The slaughterhouses visited (10 / 100%) had no Official Inspection Service and did not obey the rules established by legislation, showing precarious physical and hygienic-sanitary conditions of operation. Most of the establishments (9 / 90%) were located in the urban area and one (10%) in the rural area. None of them followed the animal welfare recommendations. Moreover, seven (70%) establishments had no waste treatment and the residues were dumped in an open area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hygienic-sanitary conditions of poultry slaughterhouses in Parnaíba pose risks to meet quality and the health of slaughterhouses employees and people who consume the products from those establishments.
Occurrence of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in salmon sashimi: Histamine and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation Karina Silva Cordeiro, Lygia Silva Galeno, Cáritas de Jesus Silva Mendonça, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho, Francisca Neide Costa Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 2021 Resumo O estudo das condições higiênico sanitárias de alimentos cárneos consumidos crus, como o sashimi, é necessário para definir sua qualidade e possíveis consequências para a saúde humana. Foram coletadas 60 amostras de sashimi de salmão (Salmo salar), de dez restaurantes na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão - Brasil, sendo seis de cada local. As amostras foram analisadas para contagem de coliformes a 35 °C, coliformes a 45 °C e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e negativa, identificação da presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Aeromonas spp, teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados e quantificação de histamina nas amostras. Os resultados mostraram elevadas contagens de coliformes a 35 °C e 12 amostras com >102 NMP/g de coliformes a 45 °C, presença de E. coli e de Salmonella sp. em 3 amostras cada, ausência de V. parahaemolyticus e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa entre <20 e 5,0x104 UFC/g, presença de Aeromonas spp. em 95% das amostras, sendo 60 isolados A. hydrophila e 6 A. caviae. Para suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos, os isolados de E. coli foram sensíveis a CPM, CTX, LVX, PPT e SUT, dois resistentes a AMP; um resistente a GEN, um a AMI e um a AMC. Os isolados de Salmonella foram sensíveis a AMC, CPM, CFO, CRX, GEN, LVX e PPT, um resistente a AMI e um a AMP e SUT. Os isolados de Aeromonas foram resistentes em média a cinco dos antimicrobianos, sendo a AMP (97%), a CRX (90,9%) e a AMC (77,3%), e 81,8% foram sensíveis ao CPM. Os níveis de histamina variaram de 44,06 ± 0,74 a 505,46 ± 8,83 mg/kg, sendo 21 das amostras com níveis superiores a 100 mg/kg. As amostras apresentaram condições higiênicos sanitárias insatisfatórias e riscos para a saúde pública, por identificação de bactérias patogênicas e elevadas concentrações de histamina capazes de causar intoxicação escombróide, e ainda, isolados com multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cells previously infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis David Germano G. Schwarz, Junnia L. Pena, Isabel A. Carvalho, Abelardo Silva Júnior, Maria Aparecida S. Moreira Veterinary Quarterly, 2020 Background The coinfection process of Escherichia coli, an etiological agent of clinical mastitis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a non-mastitic etiological agent in the bovine mammary gland is not fully known. Objective Verify the ability of MAP to interfere with the invasion and translocation of E. coli in bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Methods For the invasion assay, MAC-T cells were challenged with MAP K10 for 2 h and then challenged with E. coli for 10, 30 and 120 min. For the translocation assay, the trans well plates were used and the challenge sequence was repeated as previously described. The amount of E. coli in the assays was determined by counting colony forming units (CFU) in Luria-Bertani medium. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify MAP in MAC-T cells. To verify the viability of the MAC-T cells, the MTT assay was performed. MAP culture supernatant was also evaluated at different percentages for E. coli growth. Results Previous MAP infection in MAC-T cells inhibited E. coli invasion in 10, 30 and 120 min. No significant interference of MAP in the translocation of E. coli from the apical-basal direction was verified. Quantity of MAP DNA inside the MAC-T cells was statistically similar. Neither reduction in MAC-T cells viability was detected during the experiment nor MAP-released factor in the supernatant inhibited E. coli invasion. Conclusion These findings suggest that MAP-positive cows could be more resistant to E. coli infection, but when infected, could rapidly translocate E. coli to the subepithelial region.
Sanitary hygienic quality of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) marketed in the city of SÃo LuÍs - MA Eldo José R. dos Santos, Lygia Silva Galeno, Luciana da Silva Bastos, Thaliane França Costa, Isabel Azevedo Carvalho, Francisca Neide Costa Ciencia Animal Brasileira, 2019 Resumo A identificação das condições higiênico-sanitárias do pescado é de suma importância para a promoção da saúde e a qualidade de vida da população. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e verificar o perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos das cepas isoladas de amostras de tambaqui (C. macropomum) comercializadas na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão. As 60 amostras de tambaqui, obtidas de supermercados e feiras livres, foram analisadas quanto à determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes; pesquisa de Escherichia coli; pesquisa de Aeromonas spp., e perfil de resistência antimicrobiana. Foi detectada uma elevada contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, além de bactérias patogênicas, tais como: Aeromonas spp. em 56 (93,3%) e E. coli, em 13 (43,3%) das amostras analisadas. Em relação ao perfil de resistência antimicrobiana, os isolados de E. coli demonstraram baixos percentuais de resistência e as cepas de Aeromonas apresentaram elevados níveis de resistência aos antimicrobianos testados. Pode-se concluir que o tambaqui comercializado em São Luís − MA apresenta condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas para o consumo.
Advances and challenges of paratuberculosis in Brazil Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation, 2018
Paratuberculosis in Latin America: a systematic review I. F. Espeschit, D. G. G. Schwarz, A. C. S. Faria, M. C. C. Souza, F. A. Paolicchi, R. A. Juste, I. A. Carvalho, M. A. S. Moreira Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2017
