Ishan Budhiraja
@bennett.edu.in
Assistant Professor and Computer Science
Bennett University
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Deep reinforcement learning, Device-to-Device Communication, Connected Autonomous Vehicles, Mobile edge computing, RIS, 5G and 6G
97
Scopus Publications
1923
Scholar Citations
24
Scholar h-index
48
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
- Sum rate maximization for RSMA aided small cells edge users using meta-learning variational quantum algorithm
Deepak Gupta, Ishan Budhiraja, and Bireshwar Dass Mazumdar
Elsevier BV - Advanced network security with an integrated trust-based intrusion detection system for routing protocol
Ajay Kumar, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Sahil Garg, Bong Jun Choi, and Mubarak Alrashoud
Elsevier BV - Proximal Policy Optimization based sum rate maximization scheme for STAR-RIS-assisted vehicular networks underlaying UAV
Shivam Chaudhary, Ishan Budhiraja, Rajat Chaudhary, Sahil Garg, B. Choi and Mubarak Alrashoud
- Revolutionizing facial image retrieval: Multi-block and mean based local binary patterns with sign and magnitude analysis
Nitin Arora, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Sahil Garg, B. Choi and M. Shamim Hossain
- A blockchain-based secure path planning in UAVs communication network
Shubhani Aggarwal, Ishan Budhiraja, Sahil Garg, Georges Kaddoum, Bong Jun Choi, and M. Shamim Hossain
Elsevier BV - Towards an optimal 3-D design and deployment of 6G UAVs for interference mitigation under terrestrial networks
Prakhar Consul, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Sahil Garg, Mohammad Mehedi Hassan, and Azzedine Boukerche
Elsevier BV - An optimal resource assignment and mode selection for vehicular communication using proximal on-policy scheme
Ishan Budhiraja, Anna Alphy, Pawan Pandey, Sahil Garg, Bong Jun Choi, and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
Elsevier BV - Federated learning based energy efficient scheme for IoT devices: Wireless power transfer using RIS-assisted underlaying solar powered UAVs
Neeraj Joshi, Ishan Budhiraja, Abhay Bansal, Sahil Garg, Bong Jun Choi, and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
Elsevier BV - An innovative multi-agent approach for robust cyber–physical systems using vertical federated learning
Shivani Gaba, Ishan Budhiraja, Vimal Kumar, Sahil Garg, and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
Elsevier BV - A Reliable Zero-Trust Network for Task Offloading in Vehicular Systems Using an Asynchronous Federated Learning Approach in 6G
Prakhar Consul, Neeraj Joshi, Ishan Budhiraja, Sujit Biswas, Neeraj Kumar, Sachin Sharma, and Ajith Abraham
ACM - SFL-TUM: Energy efficient SFRL method for large scale AI model's task offloading in UAV-assisted MEC networks
Prakhar Consul, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Sahil Garg, Georges Kaddoum, and Mohammad Mehedi Hassan
Elsevier BV - SWIPT and uplink NOMA approach for self energy recycling in full-duplex enabled D2D network
Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Ramendra Singh, Sahil Garg, Bong Jun Choi, and Mubarak Alrashoud
Elsevier BV - Deep reinforcement learning based rate enhancement scheme for RIS assisted mobile users underlaying UAV
Neeraj Joshi, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Sahil Garg, Bong Jun Choi, and Mubarak Alrashoud
Elsevier BV - A Hybrid Task Offloading and Resource Allocation Approach For Digital Twin-Empowered UAV-Assisted MEC Network Using Federated Reinforcement Learning For Future Wireless Network
Prakhar Consul, Ishan Budhiraja, Deepak Garg, Neeraj Kumar, Ramendra Singh, and Ahmad S. Almogren
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - Energy Maximization for Wireless Powered Communication Enabled IoT Devices With NOMA Underlaying Solar Powered UAV Using Federated Reinforcement Learning for 6G Networks
Abdoh Jabbari, Haneef Khan, Salahaldeen Duraibi, Ishan Budhiraja, Suneet Gupta, and Marwan Omar
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - A Hybrid Secure Resource Allocation and Trajectory Optimization Approach for Mobile Edge Computing Using Federated Learning Based on WEB 3.0
Prakhar Consul, Ishan Budhiraja, and Deepak Garg
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - A Cooperative Game Approach for Multi-lane Merging Decision-making Algorithm for CAVs
Anjum Mohd Aslam, Aditya Bhardwaj, Rajat Chaudhary, and Ishan Budhiraja
ACM - Task Offloading in AIoT-Enabled UAV-Assisted MEC Network: A Digital Twin-Empowered Approach with FedRL
Prakhar Consul, Ishan Budhiraja, and Deepak Garg
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - Quantum Federated Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Mode Selection and Resource Allocation for STAR-RIS aided VRCS
Shivam Chaudhary, Ishan Budhiraja, Rajat Chaudhary, Neeraj Kumar, Deepak Garg, and Abdullah M. Almuhaideb
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) - Parameterize Deep Q Network for Backscattering Data Capture with Multiple UAVs
Deepak Gupta, Ishan Budhiraja, Rajat Chaudhary, and Neeraj Kumar
IEEE
The battery issue with Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been identified as a feasible solution in the shape of forthcoming backscatter communication technology. Wireless sensor networks, for example, that use backscatter communication technology can effectively monitor remote situations without requiring regular battery maintenance or replacement. Unfortunately, the transmission range of backscatter communication is limited. To overcome this issue, we proposed a solution that employs several unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to aid in data collection. These UAVs may approach the backscatter sensor node (BSN), activate it, and then collect data. Our goal is to lower the overall flight duration required for rechargeable UAVs after the data collection mission is completed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms PDQN may outperform multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG), deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), and deep Q-network (DQN) approaches. - MetaEd: Metaverse-Assisted Virtual Classroom and Content Generation Framework Underlying 5G
Pronaya Bhattacharya, Aparna Kumari, Ishan Budhiraja, and Sudeep Tanwar
IEEE
In this paper, we propose MetaEd, which is a metaverse enabled virtual classroom and content generation framework, with networking services employed over fifth generation (5G) network. The framework is designed for Education 5.0 space, and presents two key functions- a virtual classroom setup, where the teacher and the student avatars can interact (like in physical classroom) in near real time latency, which is assisted by ultra-reliable-low latency service (5G-uRLLC). Secondly, we present the digital content generation on meta-verse space, where digital assets (contents) with non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are stored. The entire data is stored in offline interplanetary file system (IPFS) ledgers, and the content hash reference is stored in blockchain. The framework is operational over a Web 3.0 platform, which allows AI-based cognition to users to enhance personalization. The framework is deployed via simulated metaverse environment (Unity 3D) space, where avatar creation is done through Blender. Performance metrics shows a significant improvement of 59.93% in user-experienced bandwidth, lowered transaction size by 44.07% in blockchain, 44.37% in jitter rates. and 66.31% improvement in object rendering time for avatars, which signifies the viability of the framework in real Education 5.0 scenarios. - Improving Security and Privacy in Advanced Federated Learning Environments for Cyber-Physical Systems
Shivani Gaba, Ishan Budhiraja, and Vimal Kumar
IEEE
Ensuring protection against a wide range of complex and advanced threats is crucial in the continually changing field of cyber-physical systems. This article examines the essential security and privacy elements in the context of novel service delivery models, explicitly focusing on federated learning as a fundamental paradigm. Our study aims to investigate the implementation of a synchronous reinforcement learning (RL) agent in a federated learning setting. Our purpose is to create resilient allocation strategies for cyber-physical systems. By engaging in synchronized training, RL agents establish efficient communication channels, enabling them to acquire a versatile policy that can effectively respond to many forms of assault. Our technique utilizes synchronous reinforcement learning in a federated learning context to create robust and adaptive systems prioritizing data protection in continuous data exchange settings. This study signifies a notable advancement in strengthening cyber-physical systems against developing threats, in line with the conference's focus on security and privacy for innovative service delivery models. - Quant-Jack: Quantum Machine Learning to Detect Cryptojacking Attacks in IIoT Networks
Pronaya Bhattacharya, Aparna Kumari, Sudeep Tanwar, Ishan Budhiraja, Sahil Patel, and Joel J.P.C Rodrigues
IEEE
The paper presents a scheme, Quant-Jack, which employs Quantum Machine Learning (QML) to combat the cryptojacking threat in Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) networks. We propose a dual-layered QML architecture, based on Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) architecture. The first layer is the QNN detection layer that operates via a weighted sum approach on time, frequency, and network traffic. The problem is modeled as multi-objective optimization, which is solved by an iterative Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). At the QML filtration layer, a Quantum Metric (QM) is computed that filters anomalies based on specified thresholds. For performance evaluation, the CSE-CIC-IDS 2018 benchmark dataset is augmented with live IIoT data. The performance is simulated for model parameters like convergence rate, attack detection time, network throughput utilization, and other metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score. For 60 nodes, the measured throughput is 11.84 KBps, which is an average improvement of 23.44% compared to baseline quantum models. the QNN model has an accuracy of 0.97 in classifying malign and benign requests, which indicates the efficacy of the proposed scheme against classical security designs.
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- Efficient blockchain interoperability design for cross-chain transactions in future internet-of-value
V Kumar, I Budhiraja, A Jabbari, D Garg, D Singh, N Mengani
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 18 (3), 1-21 2025 - Sum rate maximization for RSMA aided small cells edge users using meta-learning variational quantum algorithm
D Gupta, I Budhiraja, BD Mazumdar
Ad Hoc Networks 172, 103802 2025 - Advanced network security with an integrated trust-based intrusion detection system for routing protocol
A Kumar, I Budhiraja, D Garg, S Garg, BJ Choi, M Alrashoud
Alexandria Engineering Journal 120, 378-390 2025 - Proximal Policy Optimization based sum rate maximization scheme for STAR-RIS-assisted vehicular networks underlaying UAV
S Chaudhary, I Budhiraja, R Chaudhary, S Garg, BJ Choi, M Alrashoud
Alexandria Engineering Journal 118, 700-710 2025 - Multiagent deep reinforcement learning based Energy efficient resource management scheme for RIS assisted D2D users in 6G-aided smart cities environment
V Vishnoi, I Budhiraja, D Garg, S Garg, BJ Choi, MS Hossain
Alexandria Engineering Journal 116, 609-620 2025 - Revolutionizing facial image retrieval: Multi-block and mean based local binary patterns with sign and magnitude analysis
N Arora, I Budhiraja, D Garg, S Garg, BJ Choi, MS Hossain
Alexandria Engineering Journal 116, 601-608 2025 - A blockchain-based secure path planning in UAVs communication network
S Aggarwal, I Budhiraja, S Garg, G Kaddoum, BJ Choi, MS Hossain
Alexandria Engineering Journal 113, 451-460 2025 - Energy-Efficient Distributed Learning for NOMA-Based Unmanned Aerial Agent-assisted MEC Networks
P Consul, I Budhiraja, D Garg, N Kumar, JJPC Rodrigues, A Almuhaideb
IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025 - Asynchronous Federated Learning Technique for Latency Reduction in STAR-RIS enabled VRCS
S Chaudhary, I Budhiraja, R Chaudhary, N Kumar, S Biswas
2025 - Path Planning for Self-driving Vehicles using Metaverse in 6G era with AI-enabled Networks
R Choudhary, R Prakash, R Chaudhary, I Budhiraja, A Choudhary
2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and 2024 - FogIoT: Fog Computing based Security Frameworks for Software-defined IoT
AM Aslam, R Chaudhary, I Budhiraja, V Sharma
2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and 2024 - Mitigating Cross-Site Request Forgery Vulnerabilities: An Examination of Prevention Systems
Y Singh, P Goel, S Aggarwal, R Chaudhary, I Budhiraja
2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and 2024 - Probing the Convergence of Vehicular Edge Metaverse and 6G: Blockchain-enabled Framework
S Kumar, R Chaudhary, I Budhiraja
2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and 2024 - Fingerprint-Based Multifactor Authentication For Bank Transaction
M Kaur, S Kaistha, S Aggarwal, I Budhiraja, R Chaudhary, A Bindle
2024 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and 2024 - Towards an optimal 3-D design and deployment of 6G UAVs for interference mitigation under terrestrial networks
P Consul, I Budhiraja, D Garg, S Garg, MM Hassan, A Boukerche
Ad Hoc Networks 164, 103612 2024 - An optimal resource assignment and mode selection for vehicular communication using proximal on-policy scheme
I Budhiraja, A Alphy, P Pandey, S Garg, BJ Choi, MM Hassan
Alexandria Engineering Journal 107, 268-279 2024 - Federated learning based energy efficient scheme for IoT devices: Wireless power transfer using RIS-assisted underlaying solar powered UAVs
N Joshi, I Budhiraja, A Bansal, S Garg, BJ Choi, MM Hassan
Alexandria Engineering Journal 107, 103-116 2024 - Task Offloading in AIoT-Enabled UAV-Assisted MEC Network: A Digital Twin-Empowered Approach With FedRL
P Consul, I Budhiraja, D Garg
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024 - An innovative multi-agent approach for robust cyber–physical systems using vertical federated learning
S Gaba, I Budhiraja, V Kumar, S Garg, MM Hassan
Ad Hoc Networks 163, 103578 2024 - Quantum Federated Reinforcement Learning Based Joint Mode Selection and Resource Allocation for STAR-RIS aided VRCS
S Chaudhary, I Budhiraja, R Chaudhary, N Kumar, D Garg, ...
IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2024
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
- A Systematic Review on NOMA Variants for 5G and Beyond
I BUDHIRAJA, N KUMAR, S TYAGI, S TANWAR, ZHU HAN, MDJ PIRAN, ...
2021
Citations: 190 - Tactile Internet for Smart Communities in 5G: An Insight for NOMA-Based Solutions
I Budhiraja, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, N Kumar, JJPC Rodrigues
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15 (5), 3104-3112 2019
Citations: 132 - Tactile internet for autonomous vehicles: Latency and reliability analysis
S Tanwar, S Tyagi, I Budhiraja, N Kumar
IEEE Wireless Communications 26 (4), 66-72 2019
Citations: 101 - Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Proportional Fair Scheduling Control Scheme for Underlay D2D Communication
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi
IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8 (5), 3143-3156 2021
Citations: 87 - Cross Layer NOMA Interference Mitigation for Femtocell Users in 5G Environment
I Budhiraja, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, N Kumar, M Guizani
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 68 (5), 4721-4733 2019
Citations: 72 - Metaverse for 6G and beyond: The next revolution and deployment challenges
AM Aslam, R Chaudhary, A Bhardwaj, I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Zeadally
IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 6 (1), 32-39 2023
Citations: 71 - Energy consumption minimization scheme for NOMA-based mobile edge computation networks underlaying UAV
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi, S Tanwar
IEEE Systems Journal 15 (4), 5724-5733 2021
Citations: 67 - DIYA: Tactile Internet Driven Delay Assessment NOMA-based Scheme for D2D Communication
I Budhiraja, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, N Kumar, JJPC Rodrigues
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15 (12), 6354-6366 2019
Citations: 63 - A federated calibration scheme for convolutional neural networks: Models, applications and challenges
S Gaba, I Budhiraja, V Kumar, S Garg, G Kaddoum, MM Hassan
Computer Communications 192, 144-162 2022
Citations: 51 - SWIPT-Enabled D2D Communication Underlaying NOMA-Based Cellular Networks in Imperfect CSI
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, M Guizani
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70 (1), pp. 692-699 2021
Citations: 50 - Cross Layer Interference Management Scheme for D2D Mobile Users Using NOMA
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi
IEEE Systems Journal 15 (2), 3109 - 3120 2020
Citations: 45 - ISHU: Interference Reduction Scheme for D2D Mobile Groups Using Uplink NOMA
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 21 (9), 3208 - 3224 2021
Citations: 41 - CR-NOMA based Interference Mitigation Scheme for 5G Femtocells Users
I Budhiraja, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, N Kumar, M Guizani
2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 1-6 2018
Citations: 41 - A hybrid task offloading and resource allocation approach for digital twin-empowered UAV-assisted MEC network using federated reinforcement learning for future wireless network
P Consul, I Budhiraja, D Garg, N Kumar, R Singh, AS Almogren
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024
Citations: 37 - An Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation Scheme for SWIPT-NOMA Based Femtocells Users With Imperfect CSI
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, M Guizani
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 69 (7), 7790-7805 2020
Citations: 36 - Federated learning based energy efficient scheme for MEC with NOMA underlaying UAV
H Sharma, I Budhiraja, P Consul, N Kumar, D Garg, L Zhao, L Liu
Proceedings of the 5th international ACM mobicom workshop on drone assisted 2022
Citations: 32 - A deep reinforcement learning scheme for sum rate and fairness maximization among D2D pairs underlaying cellular network with NOMA
V Vishnoi, I Budhiraja, S Gupta, N Kumar
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 72 (10), 13506-13522 2023
Citations: 30 - URJA:Usage Jammer as a Resource Allocation for Secure Transmission in a CR-NOMA-Based 5G Femtocell System
I Budhiraja, N Kumar, S Tyagi, S Tanwar, MS Obaidat
IEEE Systems Journal 15 (2), 1776 - 1785 2020
Citations: 28 - Large-language-models (llm)-based ai chatbots: Architecture, in-depth analysis and their performance evaluation
V Kumar, P Srivastava, A Dwivedi, I Budhiraja, D Ghosh, V Goyal, R Arora
International Conference on Recent Trends in Image Processing and Pattern 2023
Citations: 26 - A comprehensive review on landmine detection using deep learning techniques in 5G environment: Open issues and challenges
A Barnawi, I Budhiraja, K Kumar, N Kumar, B Alzahrani, A Almansour, ...
Neural Computing and Applications 34 (24), 21657-21676 2022
Citations: 26