Doctorate (PhD) in Public Health (Specialization in Epidemiology) - National School of Public Health (NOVA University Lisbon)
Advanced Studies Diploma (Specialization in Epidemiology) - National School of Public Health (NOVA University Lisbon)
Master (MSc) in Emerging Infectious Diseases - Faculty of Medicine (University of Lisbon)
Postgraduate diploma in Clinical Microbiology - institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (NOVA University Lisbon)
Bachelor (BSc) in Clinical Analysis and Public Health - Lisbon School of Health Technology (Polytechnical Institute of Lisbon)
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
17
Scopus Publications
373
Scholar Citations
11
Scholar h-index
12
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Influenza vaccine effectiveness from nine studies during drifted A(H3N2) subclade K predominance, Europe, September 2025 to January 2026 Heloise Lucaccioni, Diogo FP Marques, Freja Kirsebom, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Mark Hamilton, et al. Eurosurveillance, 2026 The European 2025/26 influenza season is dominated by the influenza A(H3N2) virus, with most sequenced viruses belonging to subclade K, genetically drifted from the vaccine virus, raising concerns around vaccine effectiveness (VE). Despite this, VE estimates from nine European studies (19 countries) indicate all-age influenza A VE of 25–45% for outpatient and hospital settings combined, similar to other seasons, with highest estimates among children (47–72%). Vaccination should be encouraged and complemented by other infection prevention and control measures.
A protocol for high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community and long-term care facilities using electronic health records Patrícia Soares, Verónica Gómez, Vânia Gaio, João Almeida Santos, Ana Paula Rodrigues, et al. Plos One, 2025 Since the 2022–2023 season in Portugal, a high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine is freely available for individuals living in long-term care facilities (LTCF). In 2024–2025, vaccination was extended to community-dwelling individuals aged ≥85 years. Given the scarcity of reported high-dose influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates for this population, this study aims to estimate the high-dose relative and absolute IVE. A retrospective cohort study using data from electronic health records databases (EHR) will be implemented, using two cohorts, one of individuals vaccinated with influenza vaccine (to estimate relative IVE) and another of individuals eligible for the high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (to estimate absolute IVE). We will consider two subgroups for both cohorts: individuals living in LTCF and community-dwelling individuals aged ≥85. We will use a fixed cohort approach, defining the eligible population by age at the vaccination campaign(s) start and living status. The outcomes are based on the primary cause of hospital admission. The reference population database will be defined by linking EHR on vaccination, comorbidities, and hospitalisations using a unique identifier through a deterministic data linkage procedure, and influenza vaccination status will be assessed retrospectively. We will use Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR), considering as event the first hospitalisation due to influenza-like-illness and as exposure the vaccination status. IVE will be estimated as one minus the confounder-adjusted HR of vaccinated with the high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine vs vaccinated with standard dose (to estimate relative IVE) or unvaccinated (to estimate absolute IVE). While challenges such as EHR constraints and potential reporting bias pose limitations, using routinely collected data has successfully estimated COVID-19 VE and enables precise monitoring of VE with higher representativeness. The results of this study will inform the Health Ministry on the future influenza vaccine programme in Portugal.
An Overview of Monkeypox Virus Detection in Different Clinical Samples and Analysis of Temporal Viral Load Dynamics Rita Cordeiro, Ana Pelerito, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Sílvia Lopo, Raquel Neves, et al. Journal of Medical Virology, 2024 Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), and since May 2022, tens of thousands of cases have been reported in non‐endemic countries. We aimed to evaluate the suitability of different sample types for mpox diagnostic and assess the temporal dynamics of viral load. We evaluated 1914 samples from 953 laboratory‐confirmed cases. The positivity rate was higher for lesion (91.3%) and rectal swabs (86.1%) when compared with oropharyngeal swabs (69.5%) and urines (41.2%), indicating higher viral loads for the former. Supporting this, lesion and rectal swabs showed lower median PCR Ct values (Ct = 23 and Ct = 24), compared to oropharyngeal swabs and urines (Ct = 31). Stable MPXV loads were observed in swabs from lesions up to 30 days after symptoms onset, contrasting with a considerable decrease in viral load in rectal and oropharyngeal swabs. Overall, these results point to lesion swabs as the most suitable samples for detecting MPXV in the 2022–2023 multicountry outbreak and show comparable accuracy to rectal swabs up to 8 days after symptoms onset. These findings, together with the observation that about 5% of patients were diagnosed through oropharyngeal swabs while having negative lesions, suggest that multisite testing should be performed to increase diagnostic sensitivity.
Orogenital and anal infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men in Lisbon Corrado Minetti, Miguel Rocha, Luís Miguel Duque, Paula Meireles, Cristina Correia, et al. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 2024 Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but more data on extragenital carriage are needed. Aim We assessed the genital and extragenital prevalence of bacterial and other STIs in MSM in a Lisbon sexual health clinic. Methods We screened oral, anal, and urine samples of MSM visiting the GAT-CheckpointLX clinic June 2017-December 2021 for Chlamydia trachomatis (including lymphogranuloma venereum, LGV), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and U. parvum. Ano-oro-genital lesions were tested for LGV, Treponema pallidum, and Herpes Simplex Virus. Blood was tested for HIV and T. pallidum antibodies. Results N. gonorrhoeae was found in 16.6% of the MSM followed by C. trachomatis (13.2%), M. genitalium (10.3%) and T. vaginalis (0.2%). The most frequent occurrence was anorectal ( C. trachomatis, M. genitalium) and oral ( N. gonorrhoeae). We found high carriage of U. urealyticum (36.1%) and M. hominis (22.1%). LGV was detected in 21.8% of chlamydia-positive anorectal swabs. Syphilis was detected in 22.6% of tested MSM, while 13.8% had HIV. Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were significantly more prevalent in MSM with concomitant HIV or syphilis. Conclusion The substantial extragenital prevalence of bacterial STIs in MSM, and HIV and syphilis coinfections, suggest screening has value in identifying hidden carriage and in contributing for providing better care.
Tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays: Can they agree? João Almeida Santos, Raquel Duarte, Carla Nunes Clinical Respiratory Journal, 2023 IntroductionThe diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) relies largely on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or, more recently, on interferon‐gamma release assays (IGRA). Knowledge regarding these tests is essential to improve their usefulness in combating the tuberculosis epidemic.ObjectivesTo characterize the agreement between the IGRA and TST tests by determining the kappa coefficient (K) and agreement rate between these two tests in patients with active tuberculosis (TB).MethodsRetrospective cohort study conducted with data from active TB patients notified in the Portuguese Tuberculosis Surveillance System (SVIG‐TB), from 2008 to 2015. TST results were interpreted using a 5 mm (TST‐5 mm) and 10 mm (TST‐10 mm) cutoff. Kappa coefficient and agreement rate were calculated in order to evaluate the agreement between IGRA and TST (both cutoffs) test results.ResultsA total of 727 patients with results for both tests were included in the study, of which 3.4% (n = 25) had HIV infection, 5.6% (n = 41) diabetes, 5.0% (n = 36) oncological diseases and 4.4% (n = 32) inflammatory diseases.Of the 727 patients, 16.5% (n = 120) presented different outcomes between IGRA and TST‐5 mm, and 20.5% (n = 149) presented different outcomes between IGRA and TST‐10 mm. Kappa coefficient between IGRA and TST‐5 mm was 0.402 (p < 0.001) with an agreement rate of 83.5%. Between IGRA and TST‐10 mm, the kappa coefficient was 0.351 (p < 0.001), with an agreement rate of 79.5%. Patients with HIV infection, diabetes, oncologic diseases and inflammatory diseases presented a substantial agreement between IGRA and TST‐5 mm, while inflammatory diseases was the only variable that presented a substantial agreement between IGRA and TST‐10 mm.ConclusionAs both tests can present false‐negative results, the low level of agreement between the tests can potentially help identify more cases of LTBI if the two tests are used in parallel, with infections not detected by IGRA possibly being detected by the TST and vice versa.
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence following a Large-Scale Vaccination Campaign in Portugal: Results of the National Serological Survey, September - November 2021 Irina Kislaya, Paulo Gonçalves, Sara Ramalhete, Marta Barreto, Ana Rita Torres, et al. Acta Medica Portuguesa, 2023 Introduction: Following a COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign, it is important to evaluate the population level of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies acquired due to infection or vaccination in the Portuguese population.Material and Methods: The National Serological Survey (third wave – ISN3COVID-19) is a cross-sectional nationwide epidemiological study developed on a sample of 4545 Portuguese residents aged one year or older, between the 28th September 2021 and the 19th November 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleoprotein and anti-spike IgG antibody levels were determined in serum samples using Abbott Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassays. Seroprevalence estimates were stratified by age group, sex, administrative region and self-reported chronic conditions. Medians and respective 95% confidence intervals were used to describe the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in specific population subgroups.Results: The total seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 was 86.4% (95% CI: 85.2% to 87.6%). A higher seroprevalence rate was estimated for women (88.3%), 50 to 59 years-old (96.5%) and in those with two or more self-reported chronic conditions (90.8%). A higher IgG (anti-Spike) concentration was observed in individuals vaccinated with the booster dose (median = 1 2601.3 AU/mL; 95% CI: 4127.5 to 19 089.1).Conclusion: There was a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence following the mass vaccination campaign in Portugal. It is important to continue to monitor the distribution of specific SARS-COV-2 antibody at the population level to further inform public health policies.
Vaccine effectiveness against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in the I-MOVE primary care network in Europe, VEBIS project, 2024/25 H Lucaccioni, F Pozo, G Pérez-Gimeno, R Dürrwald, M Uras, L Domegan, ... Expert Review of Vaccines 25 (1), 2645378 , 2026 2026 Citations: 1
COVID-19 vaccination and antibody response in healthcare workers: a longitudinal serological study following the 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccination campaign J Almeida Santos, C Henriques, P Amaral, R Guiomar, A Machado, ... BMC Infectious Diseases , 2026 2026
Tendência da infeção por Treponema pallidum em dadores de sangue em Portugal: estudo retrospetivo entre 2015 e 2024 I Pedro, P Mendonça, C Infante, F Resende, S Alcântara, A Ramoa, ... IV Congresso BioMedLab , 2026 2026
Influenza vaccine effectiveness from nine studies during drifted A (H3N2) subclade K predominance, Europe, September 2025 to January 2026 H Lucaccioni, DFP Marques, F Kirsebom, HD Emborg, M Hamilton, ... Eurosurveillance 31 (7), 2600109 , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
VIH, VHB e VHC na dádiva de sangue em Portugal: Análise da última década (2015-2024) I Pedro, JA Santos 15as Jornadas de Atualização em Doenças Infeciosas do Hospital de Curry Cabral , 2026 2026
Tuberculose infeção em profissionais de saúde: caracterização dos resultados IGRA indeterminados P Almeida, JA Santos 15as Jornadas de Atualização em Doenças Infeciosas do Hospital de Curry Cabral , 2026 2026
Transição epidemiológica da hepatite A em Portugal: análise de seroprevalência entre 1983 e 2016 Y Fonseca, A Almeida, JA Santos 15as Jornadas de Atualização em Doenças Infeciosas do Hospital de Curry Cabral , 2026 2026
Tuberculose infeção em profissionais de saúde: prevalência e fatores associados numa Unidade Local de Saúde de Lisboa P Almeida, AP Azevedo, E Perea, JA Ferreira, JA Santos 15as Jornadas de Atualização em Doenças Infeciosas do Hospital de Curry Cabral , 2026 2026
Hybrid, infection-and vaccination-induced protection against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a European multi-centre prospective cohort of healthcare workers, 2021 … M Rojas-Castro, R Mulchandani, K Brolin, ZL Makarić, A Uusküla, ... BMC medicine 23 (1), 697 , 2025 2025
Do COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines influence susceptibility to other respiratory viruses? A population-based study JA Santos, V Gomez, R Guiomar, N Verdasca, L Gomes, A Machado, ... ESCAIDE 2025 , 2025 2025
Avaliação da Interferência do Consumo de Biotina nos Métodos de Doseamento das Hormonas Tiroideias: Revisão Sistemática M Azevedo, M Carapau, S Paulo, JA Santos, A Almeida Congresso APTAC 2025 , 2025 2025
Segurança transfusional em Portugal e Espanha: Uma década de rastreio de VIH, VHB e VHC (2014-2023) I Pedro, P Mendonça, J Almeida Santos Congresso APTAC 2025 , 2025 2025
Dinâmica Temporal da Hepatite A em Portugal (1999–2024) - Será o sexo um fator relevante? Y Fonseca, A Almeida, J Almeida Santos Congresso APTAC 2025 , 2025 2025
Tendência temporal da taxa de notificação de tuberculose ativa em Portugal por faixa etária, 2000-2022 P Almeida, JA Santos Congresso APTAC 2025 , 2025 2025
Review of adherence to the acute respiratory infection (ARI) case definition in a primary care vaccine effectiveness study in Portugal JA Santos, E Kissling, AP Rodrigues Gac Sanit 39 (S2), 542 , 2025 2025
Hepatitis A in Portugal: Epidemiological Trends in Reported Cases, 1993-2023 Y Fonseca, A Almeida, J Almeida Santos 6th CHRC Annual Summit 2025 , 2025 2025
Review of adherence to the acute respiratory infection (ARI) case definition in a primary care vaccine effectiveness study in Portugal JA Santos, E Kissling, AP Rodrigues XL Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE) e XVII … , 2025 2025
The rise and fall of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-tests at primary care level: a Portuguese case-study JA Santos, V Gomez, AP Rodrigues XL Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología (SEE) e XVII … , 2025 2025
Tuberculose Latente e IGRA - Estudo observacional focado em profissionais de uma Unidade Local de Saúde da região de Lisboa P Almeida, JA Santos II Jornadas LusoSaúde - Jornadas Científicas de Saúde da Lusofonia , 2025 2025
A protocol for high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness in the community and long-term care facilities using electronic health records P Soares, V Gómez, V Gaio, JA Santos, AP Rodrigues, A Machado PloS one 20 (5), e0314177 , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Delayed diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis - potential risk factors for patient and healthcare delays in Portugal JA Santos, A Leite, P Soares, R Duarte, C Nunes BMC Public Health 21 (1), 1-13 , 2021 2021 Citations: 61
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Portugal in May-July 2020: results of the first national serological survey (ISNCOVID-19) I Kislaya, P Gonçalves, M Barreto, R De Sousa, AC Garcia, R Matos, ... Acta medica portuguesa 34 (2), 87-94 , 2021 2021 Citations: 50
Interim 2024/25 influenza vaccine effectiveness: eight European studies, September 2024 to January 2025 AMC Rose, H Lucaccioni, K Marsh, F Kirsebom, H Whitaker, HD Emborg, ... Eurosurveillance 30 (7), 2500102 , 2025 2025 Citations: 41
Host factors associated to false negative and indeterminate results in an interferon‐γ release assay in patients with active tuberculosis JA Santos, R Duarte, C Nunes Pulmonology 26 (6), 353-362 , 2020 2020 Citations: 38
Human brucellosis in Portugal - Retrospective analysis of suspected clinical cases of infection from 2009 to 2016 A Pelerito, R Cordeiro, R Matos, MA Santos, S Soeiro, J Santos, C Manita, ... PLoS One 12 (7), e0179667 , 2017 2017 Citations: 26
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Portugal following the third epidemic wave: results of the second National Serological Survey (ISN2COVID-19) I Kislaya, P Gonçalves, V Gómez, V Gaio, R Roquette, M Barreto, ... Infectious Diseases 54 (6), 418-424 , 2022 2022 Citations: 20
Tuberculin skin test and predictive host factors for false‐negative results in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis J Almeida Santos, R Duarte, C Nunes The clinical respiratory journal 14 (6), 541-548 , 2020 2020 Citations: 18
An Overview of Monkeypox Virus Detection in Different Clinical Samples and Analysis of Temporal Viral Load Dynamics R Cordeiro, A Pelerito, IL de Carvalho, S Lopo, R Neves, R Rocha, ... Journal of Medical Virology 96 (12), e70104 , 2024 2024 Citations: 12
Tuberculin skin test and interferon‐γ release assays: Can they agree? J Almeida Santos, R Duarte, C Nunes The Clinical Respiratory Journal 17 (2), 109-114 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Following a Large-Scale Vaccination Campaign in Portugal: Results of the National Serological Survey, September-November 2021 I Kislaya, P Gonçalves, S Ramalhete, M Barreto, AR Torres, V Gaio, ... Acta Médica Portuguesa 36 (1), 5-14 , 2023 2023 Citations: 11
Patient and healthcare delays in critical and non-critical pulmonary tuberculosis incidence areas in Portugal: Are there differences? JA Santos, P Soares, A Leite, R Duarte, C Nunes Public Health, 41-47 , 2021 2021 Citations: 11
COVID‐19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Medically Attended Symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection Among Target Groups in Europe, October 2024–January 2025, VEBIS Primary Care Network C Laniece Delaunay, N Verdasca, S Monge, L Domegan, N Sève, S Buda, ... Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 19 (5), e70120 , 2025 2025 Citations: 10
Seroprevalence of Specific SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies during Omicron BA. 5 Wave, Portugal, April–June 2022. I Kislaya, A Melo, M Barreto, C Henriques, C Aniceto, C Manita, ... Emerging Infectious Diseases 29 (3) , 2023 2023 Citations: 8
Orogenital and anal infection by Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Mycoplasma genitalium , and other sexually transmitted infections in men who … C Minetti, M Rocha, LM Duque, P Meireles, C Correia, D Cordeiro, I João, ... International journal of STD & AIDS 35 (5), 379-388 , 2024 2024 Citations: 7
Anti-HAV IgG seroprevalence in Lisbon region residents: Preliminary results from the National Serological Survey 2015–2016 H Cortes-Martins, R Matos, S Moura, L Almeida, S Ferreira, C Manita, ... Journal of Clinical Virology, S79-S80 , 2016 2016 Citations: 7
Diagnóstico da infeção por vírus da hepatite E no INSA, 2000-2012 C Ferreira, J Almeida Santos, T Lourenço, B C, M Rita, H Martins Boletim Epidemiológico Observações 2 (5), 27-28 , 2013 2013 Citations: 7
Salmonella enterica: serotipos menos frequentes com importância em patologia humana, caraterizados no INSA entre 2002-2013 L Silveira, A Marques, J Santos, C Furtado, J Machado Boletim Epidemiológico Observacões 3, 44-47 , 2014 2014 Citations: 6
Influenza vaccine effectiveness from nine studies during drifted A (H3N2) subclade K predominance, Europe, September 2025 to January 2026 H Lucaccioni, DFP Marques, F Kirsebom, HD Emborg, M Hamilton, ... Eurosurveillance 31 (7), 2600109 , 2026 2026 Citations: 5
Training on the impact of climate change on public health: reflections and lessons learnt S Viegas, JA Santos, A Kazmierczak, R Assunção, C Viegas, C Martins Portuguese Journal of Public Health 41 (3), 230-234 , 2023 2023 Citations: 5
Space–time clustering and temporal trends of hospitalizations due to pulmonary tuberculosis: potential strategy for assessing health care policies JA Santos, DT Santos, RA Arcencio, C Nunes European Journal of Public Health 31 (1), 57-62 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5