Dr.Kavitha Prasad
@msruas.ac.in
Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences
Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
EDUCATION
Master of Dental Surgery
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Maxillofacial Pathology, Trauma, Infections
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Orofacial Pain
TMJ Disorders
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Yashwanth Raju KR, Parimala Sagar, Kavitha Prasad, Prathibha Shridhar, and Krishnappa Ranganath
Elsevier BV
Sanah Tazeen, Kavitha Prasad, Pragya Singh, Sejal K. Munoyath, and G. Prathibha
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dominic Augustine, SV Sowmya, Kavitha Prasad, Rajanikanth B Rajaram, and Mirunalini Gunasekaran
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Anisha Fernandes, Diya Jayanth, S.V Sowmya, Dominic Augustine, Vanishri C. Haragannavar, Kavitha Prasad, Usha Hegde, and H. S Sreeshyla
Medknow
ABSTRACT Context: Cervical lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck (SCCHN). Detection and evaluation of micro-metastasis forms the basis for diagnosis, staging, treatment options and prognosis. Lymph node prognostic factors are extremely important for the survival and recurrence in the patient. Assessing lymph node metastasis in the absence of clinical enlargement is challenging. Aim: To evaluate micrometastasis and individual tumor cells (ITC) in regional lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by modified papanicolaou (PAP) stain and re-evaluate the tumor staging. Settings and Design: The retrospective study was executed at MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences. Methods and Materials: The current study constituted a total of 40 lymph nodes from OSCC patients, metastatic (n=20) and non-metastatic lymph nodes (n=20). All sections were stained with H & E followed by modified PAP stain. Modified PAP was used for identification of micrometastasis deposits. Statistical Analysis Used: The Chi square test was employed to analyze significance. Results: Modified PAP stain proved to be more accurate (p = 0.006) than H and E stain in detecting micrometastasis which accounted for 15% of non-metastatic lymph node sections used in our study. Conclusion: Special stain like modified PAP stain is valuable and sensitive in detecting micro-metastasis over H and E stain. Detection of micrometastasis in OSCC patients is advantageous for the patient as it influences staging, it modifies the treatment plan in terms of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
B. R. Rajanikanth, Akshata Kotharkar, and Kavitha Prasad
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
B. R. Rajanikanth, Kavitha Prasad, Sujatha S. Reddy, Divya Gupta, N. Rakesh, V. Shwetha, and T. Pavan Kumar
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Kavitha Prasad, S Ashwini, and B K Sujani
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Roopa S Rao, Shankargouda Patil, Dominic Augustine, SV Sowmya, Kavitha Prasad, Wafa Khan, Anand Devaraj, Vanishri Haragannavar, and BR Rajanikanth
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Tanvy Sansgiri, Kavitha Prasad, Vineeth Kumar, K. Ranganath, B. R. Rajanikanth, K. M. Sejal, Parimala Sagar, and G. Prathibha
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Roopa S Rao, Dominic Augustine, SV Sowmya, Kavitha Prasad, Vanishri C Haragannavar, Aravind S Kapali, Lizbeth Raju, C Satish, K Vineeth, and Rajanikanth Rajaram
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Kavitha Prasad, S Ashwini, and B K Sujini
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Wafa Khan, Vanishri C. Haragannavar, Roopa S. Rao, Kavitha Prasad, Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya, Dominic Augustine, and Shankargouda Patil
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Dominic Augustine, Roopa S. Rao, Surendra Lakshminarayana, Kavitha Prasad, and Shankargouda Patil
Elsevier BV
Narayana Subramaniam, Sujan K. Dhar, Roopa Rao, Kavitha Prasad, and Manjula Das
Elsevier BV
Dominic Augustine, Preeti Singh, RoopaS Rao, Shankargouda Patil, KamranHabib Awan, SamudralaVenkatesiah Sowmya, VanishriC Haragannavar, and Kavitha Prasad
Medknow
Targeting cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation within the tumor remains an obstacle for specific therapy in head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Few studies in the literature describe a panel of stem cell makers, however a distinct panel has not been put forth. This systematic review aims to enhance the knowledge of additional markers to accurately relate their expression to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Science Direct, were searched from 2010 to 2017 using various combinations of the following keywords: “Stem cell markers in HNSCC” and “chemoresistance and radioresistence in HNSCC.” Original experimental studies (both in vitro and in vivo) published in English considering stem cell markers in HNSCC, were considered and included. We excluded articles on tumors other than HNSCC, reviews, editorial letters, book chapters, opinions, and abstracts from the analyses. Forty-two articles were included, in which 13 types of stem cell markers were identified. The most commonly expressed CSC markers were CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and CD133, which were responsible for tumorigenesis, self-renewal, and therapy resistance, whereas NANOG, SOX-2, and OCT-4 were involved in metastasis and invasion. Identification of an accurate panel of CSC markers is the need of the hour as nonspecificity of the current markers poses a problem. Further studies with a large sample size would help validate the role of these CSC markers in HNSCC. These CSC proteins can be developed as therapeutic targets for HNSCC therapy, making future treatment modality more specific and effective.
Dominic Augustine, Wafa Khan, RoopaS Rao, Shankargouda Patil, KamranHabib Awan, SamudralaVenkatesiah Sowmya, VanishriC Haragannavar, and Kavitha Prasad
Medknow
Preclinical studies and clinical trials have emphasized the decisive role of lipid metabolism in tumor proliferation and metastasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the existing literature to evaluate the role and significance of the genes and pathways most commonly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer. The literature search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Approximately 2396 research articles were initially selected, of which 215 were identified as potentially relevant for abstract review. Upon further scrutiny, 62 of the 215 studies were reviews, seminars, or presentations, and 44 were original study articles and were thus included in the systematic review. The predominant gene involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), followed by fatty acid synthase (FASN). The pathway most commonly involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, followed by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. SCD1 and FASN play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer and represent attractive targets for potentially effective anti-cancer treatment strategies. The regulation of cancer metabolism by the Akt kinases will be an interesting topic of future study.
Roopa S. Rao, Kasimsetty Ramakantha Chatura, Sowmya SV, Kavitha Prasad, Surendra Lakshminarayana, Fareedi Mukram Ali, Kamran Habib Awan, and Shankargouda Patil
Elsevier BV
SV Sowmya, RoopaS Rao, and Kavitha Prasad
Medknow
Context: The 5-year survival rate in patients with cervical lymph node metastasis is reported to be 20–36% post surgery as compared to 63–86% in patients without nodal involvement. This necessitates assessing the metastatic potential of OSCC patients. Objectives: To evaluate the role of Pancytokeratin immunostained tumour buds and cytoplasmic pseudofragments with other histopathological and immunohistochemical variables in predicting metastatic risk of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Settings and Design: Retrospective study on archival tissues of OSCC available from the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology. Methodology: Totally, 40 samples of 117 histopathologically diagnosed OSCC samples were selected that displayed metastatic risk variables like invasive tumour front pattern, lymphovascular invasion, tumour buds and cytoplasmic pseudofragmentation and were grouped into 20 each of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC. 5 normal oral mucosa samples were included in the control group. The 45 tissues were stained with congo red to assess tumour - associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) and immunohistochemically evaluated for tumour budding and cytoplasmic pseudofragmentation using pancytokeratin, proliferation (Ki-67), microvessel density (MVD)(CD31) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD)( LYVE-1). Statistical Analysis: Pearson's Chi square test and Man Whitney U test were used and analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Results: Metastatic OSCC showed significantly high number of tumour buds (p = 0.001), cytoplasmic pseudofragments (p = 0.008), higher tumour grade (p = 0.038), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.008) and LVD (p = 0.013), aggressive invasive tumour front pattern (p = 0.001) compared to non-metastatic OSCC. Conclusion: Pancytokeratin immunostained tumour buds, cytoplasmic pseudofragments and higher LYVE-1 expression may be used as independent predictors for OSCC metastasis. This study highlights the importance of recognizing the early metastatic risk variables that navigates the surgeon in planning appropriate therapy for OSCC.
Roopa S Rao, Dominic Augustine, Kavitha Prasad, and Vineeth Kumar
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Ab s t r Ac t Aim: The aim of this case report is to document an aggressive odontogenic myxoma (OM) of the mandible causing dramatic displacement of the unerupted third molar up to the coronoid process, a rare entity. Background: The OM is an aggressive neoplasm that can cause significant destruction of the jaws. They present as large multilocular lesions often causing thinning of the cortical plates and displacement of teeth. The OM has a high rate of recurrence that brings into significance their mode of management that varies from curettage to radical excision depending on the surgeon’s school of thought. Case description: An OM of the mandible in a 17-year-old patient is described here with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and orthopantomograph (OPG) findings. The OM had displaced the unerupted mandibular third molar to the coronoid process that makes this case interesting to report. Conclusion: Intensity of alcian blue and safranin O staining reveal the hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s), and proteoglycan content of OM. The pattern of picrosirius red staining under polarizing microscope indicates aggressive potential of OM. Clinical significance: The article highlights the use of appropriate differential stains like alcian blue, safranin O, and picrosirius red that facilitate in arriving at precise biologic behavior of OM. Original research studies to validate intensity and pattern of special stains with odontogenic lesions are mandated to establish a significant correlation.
Sanah Tazeen, Kavitha Prasad, Krishnamachar Harish, Parimala Sagar, Aravind S. Kapali, and Satish Chandramouli
Elsevier BV
Lavanya Mallika, Dominic Augustine, Roopa S. Rao, Shankargouda Patil, Abdul Wahab H. Alamir, Kamran Habib Awan, Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya, Vanishri C. Haragannavar, and Kavitha Prasad
AME Publishing Company
Recent scientific advances have presented substantial evidence that there is a multifaceted relationship between the microbiome and cancer. Humans are hosts to multifarious microbial communities, and these resident microbes contribute to both health and disease. Circulating toxic metabolites from these resident microbes may contribute to the development and progression of cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate microbiome and microbial shift contribution to the development and progression of cancer. This systematic review provides an analytical presentation of the evidence linking various parts of the microbiota to cancer. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EBSCO, E-Journals and Science Direct from the time of their establishment until May 2018 with the following search terms: cancer or human microbe or cancer and human microbiome AND shift in microbes in cancer. The merged data were assessed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the bias. Initially, 2,691 articles were identified, out of which 60 full-text articles were screened and re-evaluated. Among them, 14 were excluded based on inclusion/exclusion criteria; eventually, 46 articles were included in the systematic review. The reports of 46 articles revealed that microbial shift involving Candida species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Helicobacter pylori and Human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 & 18 were most commonly involved in various human cancers. In particular, organisms, such as Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and HPV-16 were found to be more prevalent in oral cancer. The present systematic review emphasizes that the role and diverse contributions of the microbiome in carcinogenesis will provide opportunities for the development of effective diagnostic and preventive methods.
SV Sowmya, RoopaS Rao, and Kavitha Prasad
Medknow
CONTEXT: Oral cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death globally. The decision-making on the mode of surgical treatment in clinically negative lymph nodes is challenging. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model using clinical and histopathologic parameters that may help in the assessment of the metastatic risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Clinical data of histopathologically confirmed primary OSCC from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved from the archives. Histopathological parameters for metastasis that were considered for evaluation in the study were tumor buds, cytoplasmic pseudofragments, tumor grade, depth of invasion, invasive tumor front (ITF) pattern, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). METHODS: Hematoxylin and eosin and pan-cytokeratin immunostained sections of metastatic and nonmetastatic OSCC were assessed for histopathological features and correlated with clinical parameters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, Version 22.0 (2013) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)) was used for the statistical analysis. Pearson's Chi-square test was done to assess the grades of histopathological and clinical parameters between the study groups. Univariate analysis was performed to develop a clinicopathologic predictive model. RESULTS: The clinicopathologic model signifies that OSCC with clinical Stage IV, high grades of tumor buds and cytoplasmic pseudofragments, Type V ITF pattern, positive LVI, deeply invasive tumors, and poorly differentiated grades of OSCC have a high risk of developing nodal metastasis. These parameters may be used as early predictors for metastasis of OSCC both in incisional and excisional biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed predictive model is simple, cost-effective, and user-friendly for the early assessment of nodal metastatic risk in clinically negative lymph nodes.
Md. Zeeshan Arif, B. R. Rajanikanth, and Kavitha Prasad
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Roopa S Rao, Dominic Augustine, SV Sowmya, Kavitha Prasad, Vanishri C Haragannavar, A Lavanya, Rajanikanth B Rajaram, and Anand Devaraj
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
Ab s t r Ac t Aim: To resolve the diagnostic dilemma of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOCa) using various special stains. Background: Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor with a female predilection, occurring predominantly in the mandible. It is an aggressive tumor with frequent recurrences (55%) and high metastatic potential (31%). Case description: Herein, we report a case of an unusual extensive mandibular tumor mass in 49-year-old male patient who posed diagnostic challenges due to similar microscopic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), clear cell mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CCMEC), hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (CCC), epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC), clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CCCEOT), and clear cell odontogenic ghost cell tumor (CCOGCT). Conclusion: The use of appropriate special stains like mucicarmine, Van Gieson, and Periodic Acid Schiff with and without diastase paved the way toward confirmatory diagnosis. Clinical significance: Good knowledge and right practice of various special staining techniques in histopathology provides a rapid and reproducible result with better diagnosis.