1999 - BSc (Hons) Universiti Malaysia Sabah
2004 - PhD - University of Malaya
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Population Genetics; Conservation Genetics; Tropical Forests; Genomics
70
Scopus Publications
1753
Scholar Citations
23
Scholar h-index
43
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
A Cross-Climate Comparison of Molecular Phenology in Three Tropical and Temperate Trees Atsuko Miyawaki‐Kuwakado, Nakata Taichi, Yuka Ikezaki, Naoki Tani, Yoshiko Kosugi, Kevin Kit Siong Ng, Soon Leong Lee, Akiko Satake Plant Environment Interactions, 2026 Latitudinal gradients in temperature seasonality shape the evolution of thermal tolerance and acclimation capacity in organisms. According to Janzen's climate variability hypothesis, tropical species experiencing stable temperatures evolve narrower thermal niches than temperate counterparts. To test whether this principle extends to gene expression dynamics, we compared annual transcriptome profiles of the tropical tree Rubroshorea leprosula and the temperate evergreen trees Lithocarpus edulis and Quercus glauca under natural field conditions. Time‐series RNA‐seq analyses revealed that R. leprosula exhibited sporadic transcriptional shifts triggered by slight cooling events (minimum temperatures of 21°C–22°C), whereas the temperate species showed clear annual cycles characterized by winter‐specific expression patterns. Mild temperature decline in the tropical tree triggered widespread down‐regulation of photosynthesis‐related genes and activation of stress‐response and jasmonate‐associated signaling pathways, suggesting coordinated responses even to mild temperature declines. Cross‐species comparison of 3793 single‐copy orthologs showed that the sensitivity to temperature and dynamic range of gene expression were substantially larger relative to the narrow dynamic range of temperature in the tropics, indicating amplified transcriptional responses per unit of temperature variation. Conversely, temperate species displayed broad but proportionate transcriptomic shifts that paralleled large seasonal temperature fluctuations. These results demonstrate that transcriptional sensitivity to temperature is exaggerated in tropical species and buffered in temperate ones, extending Janzen's climate variability hypothesis from physiological tolerance to its molecular basis.
SEXUAL SYSTEM OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA JACK (SIMAROUBACEAE) Ng KKS, S Muhammad Azlan, NR Ahmad Farhan, LH Tnah, Ng CH, CT Lee, SL Lee Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2026 Hermaphroditism is common in flowering plants, but the presence of unisexual flowers across many taxa, coupled with the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors, makes determining sexual systems challenging. Specifically, androdioecy, where both male and hermaphroditic individuals coexist in the same population, has often been confused with gender diphasy, a strategy in which plants alter their sex expression between seasons. In this study, we investigated the reproductive function of male and hermaphroditic flowers in Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae) to clarify its sexual system and assess whether it exhibits gender diphasy. Our findings revealed that, while male flowers were present in a notable proportion of individuals relative to hermaphrodites, they also offer significant reproductive advantage in terms of pollen contribution for siring success. Furthermore, E. longifolia displayed low self-pollination rate suggesting predominant outcrossing. The occurrences of sex changes in three individuals in the 2024 flowering season suggests that E. longifolia may not be an androdioecious species, but a possible rare example of gender diphasy.
DNA profile database of Koompassia malaccensis in Malaysia and its application in forensic investigation C. Lee, C. Ng, L. Tnah, K. Ng, B. Diway, Eyen Khoo, S. Lee Scientific Reports, 2025 DNA profiling has been an important tool in human forensic for almost four decades, revolutionising criminal investigations. In recent years, it has also been utilised in timber identification and geographical traceability of stolen logs, with notable increase in forensic DNA analysis related to forest crimes, driven by the growing concerns over illegal logging and forest conservation. In this study, DNA profile database for a tropical timber species, Koompassia malaccensis was established, with a total of 1465 samples from 56 locations across Malaysia genotyped using nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers. Based on the results of cluster analyses, the STR database was partitioned into WM (West Malaysia), EM (East Malaysia) and PS (Peat Swamp) Database. Thereafter, each regional/ecological database was characterised for forensic parameters and allele frequencies. Due to weak population differentiation, the percentage of individuals correctly assigned to the population of origin was low. However, the assignment tests to the region of origin were highly accurate (mean = 99.6%). The STR database is robust and has been used to assist the enforcement agencies in the investigation of forest crimes involving K. malaccensis. A case study is presented to demonstrate its application for individual identification in forensic context.
INTEGRATING SSRS AND GENOME-WIDE SNPS TO ASSESS GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF RUBROSHOREA LEPROSULA FOR CONSERVATION A Nur-Nabilah, KKS Ng, SL Lee, CH Ng, CT Lee, LH Tnah, Mohamed-Hussein Zeti-Azura Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2025 Assessing genetic diversity and population structure with multiple marker systems provides critical insights for the conservation and sustainable management of tropical tree species. We applied simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to characterise genetic variation in Rubroshorea leprosula, a widely distributed dipterocarp in Southeast Asia. SSRs revealed higher allelic richness and heterozygosity, consistent with their multi-allelic nature and high mutation rates, whereas SNPs produced more conservative but genome-wide estimates of diversity. SNP analyses indicated consistently negative inbreeding coefficients and relatively high nucleotide diversity (π = 0.008–0.010), suggesting substantial standing variation and strong adaptive potential. Population differentiation indicates a higher value with SSRs (FST = 0.061) than with SNPs (FST = 0.027), reflecting the ability of SSRs to detect finer-scale versus the genome-wide connectivity captured by SNPs. Both marker systems consistently identified two major genetic clusters aligned with a north–south division across Peninsular Malaysia, with admixture indicating historical or ongoing gene flow. A localised inbreeding signal was detected in the Belum–Temenggor complex, highlighting populations at elevated risk under fragmentation. Together, these results demonstrate the complementary strengths of SSRs for detecting rare alleles and local differentiation, and SNPs for capturing broad genomic patterns. Integrating both marker systems strengthens conservation planning by informing strategies for maintaining connectivity, and guiding conservation effort to safeguard the adaptive capacity and genetic potential of R. leprosula.
Predicting Climatic Limits Along a Rainfall Gradient of Dipterocarp Species Based on Leaf Turgor Loss Point Kiyosada Kawai, Kevin Kit Siong Ng, Soon Leong Lee Biotropica, 2025 Drought tolerance is an integral determinant of drought survival in trees; thus, an accurate and rapid assessment of drought tolerance can lead to improved prediction of forest responses to droughts. The osmometer method enables the rapid determination of the leaf water potential at turgor loss (πtlp), a key parameter of drought tolerance, from the osmotic potential at full turgor (πsat). However, despite its wide applications, there have been few validations in ever‐wet tropical rainforests. Here, we assessed the efficacy of the osmometer method in dipterocarps, a dominant tree group in SE Asia in ever‐wet Malaysia, and examined the linkage between πtlp and distribution along a rainfall gradient. The πtlp determined using the conventional method was strongly and linearly correlated with the πsat determined using an osmometer. The coefficients of our model were statistically identical to those previously represented, but with a slightly larger intercept (0.21 MPa). Species with more negative πtlp were distributed in drier habitats, with a relatively larger variation in πtlp for species confined to ever‐wet climates than for those occurring in ever‐wet and seasonally dry climates. Some leaf traits, individual leaf area and dry matter content, were associated with πtlp, but these traits alone could not predict species distribution. We demonstrated the robustness of the osmometer method in ever‐wet tropical rainforest species and that πtlp is associated with current distribution along large‐scale moisture availabilities.
Genetic insights: integrating DNA barcoding with taxonomy in the study of Baccaurea (Phyllanthaceae) Lee Hong Tnah, Nuri Rasli Ahmad-Farhan, Alias Nur-Nabilah, Pei Sin Soo, Zakaria Hazwani-Humaira', Kevin Kit Siong Ng, Chai Ting Lee, Chin Hong Ng, Soon Leong Lee Genome, 2025 Traditional taxonomic revisions based on macromorphological and leaf anatomical traits may have limitations in accurately distinguishing certain species within the genus. To improve taxonomic clarity, this study applied DNA barcoding to enhance the understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Baccaurea Lour., a plant genus widely utilized for food, medicine, and building materials. DNA barcode regions, including rbcL, ITS2, and trnH- psbA, were used to analyze 64 samples representing 19 Baccaurea species. Using similarity Basic Local Alignment Search Tool and phylogenetic tree inference, we determined the discriminatory efficiencies of rbcL, ITS2, trnH -psbA, and their combinations rbcL + ITS2 and rbcL + ITS2 + trnH- psbA as 21.1%, 89.5%, 87.5%, 89.5%, and 89.5%, respectively. The Neighbor-Joining tree revealed well-defined, monophyletic species clusters that largely align with phylogenetic positions based on macromorphological features. Notably, our results indicate that Baccaurea parviflora and the synonymized Baccaurea scortechinii are distinct species, recommending the re-establishment of B. scortechinii as a separate species. DNA barcoding is useful in delineating species boundaries, facilitating routine specimen identification, and flagging atypical samples for detailed examination.
Growth performance and scale insect infestation of Shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot Chin Hong Ng, Kevin Kit Siong Ng, Soon Leong Lee, Rempei Suwa, Chai Ting Lee, Lee Hong Tnah Journal of Forestry Research, 2023 Many tree planting programmes have long been initiated to increase forest cover to mitigate the effects of global climate change. Successful planting requires careful planning at the project level, including using suitable species with favourable traits. However, there is a paucity of improvement data for tropical tree species. An experimental common garden of Shorea leprosula was established to study traits related to growth performance which are key factors in planting success. Seedlings of S. leprosula were collected from nine geographical forest reserves. To study the effects of genetic variation, seedlings were planted in a common environment following a randomized complete block design. From performance data collected 2017‒2019, one population showed the highest coefficient for relative height growth, significantly higher than most of the other populations. Interestingly, this population from Beserah also exhibited the lowest coefficient for scale insect infestation. This study provides preliminary results on growth performance and susceptibility to scale insect infestation in S. leprosula and the first common garden experiment site conducted on dipterocarp species. It lays a foundation for future genome-wide studies.
The genome of Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) highlights the ecological relevance of drought in aseasonal tropical rainforests Kevin Kit Siong Ng, Masaki J. Kobayashi, Jeffrey A. Fawcett, Masaomi Hatakeyama, Timothy Paape, Chin Hong Ng, Choon Cheng Ang, Lee Hong Tnah, Chai Ting Lee, Tomoaki Nishiyama, Jun Sese, Michael J. O’Brien, Dario Copetti, Mohd Noor Mat Isa, Robert Cyril Ong, Mahardika Putra, Iskandar Z. Siregar, Sapto Indrioko, Yoshiko Kosugi, Ayako Izuno, Yuji Isagi, Soon Leong Lee, Kentaro K. Shimizu Communications Biology, 2021
Spatial studies of Shorea parvifolia spp. parvifolia (Dipterocarpaceae) in a lowland and hill dipterocarp forest Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2016
Selective logging simulations and male fecundity variation support customisation of management regimes for specific groups of dipterocarp species in Peninsular Malaysia Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2016
Estimation of outcrossing rates in Koompassia malaccensis from an open-pollinated population in Peninsular Malaysia using microsatellite markers Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2011
Early growth performance of five half-sib families of Hopea odorata roxb. (Dipterocarpaceae) and their multiple seedlings planted in Bukit Hari Forest Reserve Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 2000
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
A Cross‐Climate Comparison of Molecular Phenology in Three Tropical and Temperate Trees A Miyawaki‐Kuwakado, N Taichi, Y Ikezaki, N Tani, Y Kosugi, KKS Ng, ... Plant‐Environment Interactions 7 (2), e70146 , 2026 2026
Predicting Drought Responses of Dipterocarp Species Based on Plant Water-Use Traits in Peninsular Malaysia K Kiyosada, NKK Siong, LS Leong JIRCAS Working Report 97, 9-16 , 2026 2026
Growth and Temperature Response of Dipterocarps J Kobayashi Masaki, NKK Siong, LS Leong, M Norwati, T Naoki JIRCAS Working Report 97, 1-8 , 2026 2026
Genome of Rubroshorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) reveals the ecological significance of drought adaptation in aseasonal tropical rainforests NKK Siong, J Kobayashi Masaki, NC Hong, LC Ting, TL Hong, N Tomoaki, ... JIRCAS Working Report 97, 17-24 , 2026 2026
Preliminary Growth Performance and Genetic Parameter Changes in Rubroshorea leprosula over 5-year Common Garden Testing NC Hong, NKK Siong, LS Leong, S Rempei JIRCAS Working Report 97, 25-33 , 2026 2026
Predicting Drought Responses of Dipterocarp Species Based on Plant Water-Use Traits in Peninsular Malaysia K Kawai, KKS Ng, SL Lee Evaluation of Tropical Forest Genetic Resources for Enhanced Productivity … , 2026 2026
Growth and Temperature Response of Dipterocarps MJ Kobayashi, KKS Ng, SL Lee, N Muhammad, N Tani Evaluation of Tropical Forest Genetic Resources for Enhanced Productivity … , 2026 2026
SEXUAL SYSTEM OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA JACK (SIMAROUBACEAE) KKS Ng, M Azlan S, A Farhan NR, LH Tnah, CH Ng, CT Lee, SL Lee Journal of Tropical Forest Science 38 (1), 40-47 , 2026 2026
DNA profile database of Koompassia malaccensis in Malaysia and its application in forensic investigation CT Lee, CH Ng, LH Tnah, KKS Ng, B Diway, E Khoo, SL Lee Scientific Reports 15 (1), 24504 , 2025 2025
Predicting Climatic Limits Along a Rainfall Gradient of Dipterocarp Species Based on Leaf Turgor Loss Point K Kawai, KKS Ng, SL Lee Biotropica 57 (3), e70029 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Genetic insights: integrating DNA barcoding with taxonomy in the study of Baccaurea (Phyllanthaceae) LH Tnah, NR Ahmad-Farhan, A Nur-Nabilah, PS Soo, ... Genome 68, 1-7 , 2025 2025
INTEGRATING SSRS AND GENOME-WIDE SNPS TO ASSESS GENETIC DIVERSITY AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF RUBROSHOREA LEPROSULA FOR CONSERVATION N Nabilah A, KKS Ng, SL Lee, CH Ng, CT Lee, LH Tnah, Z Azura MH Journal of Tropical Forest Science 37 (4), 484-501 , 2025 2025
Genetic diversity and population structure of Rubroshorea curtisii , a hill dipterocarp species: implications for conservation CH Ng, KKS Ng, SL Lee, NN Alias, HH Zakaria, LH Tnah, CT Lee, ... Tree Genetics & Genomes 20 (3), 16 , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
HPLC-PDA METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF MITRAGYNINE IN FRESH KRATOM (MITRAGYNA SPECIOSA) LEAF MR Norliana-Izzati, CT Lee, A Fauziah, A Zunoliza, SK Ling, ... Journal of Tropical Forest Science 36 (4), 434-443 , 2024 2024
DNA barcode identification of cultivated and wild tropical fruit species LH Tnah, SL Lee, CT Lee, KKS Ng, CH Ng, N Zawiah 3 Biotech 14 (1), 7 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Growth performance and scale insect infestation of Shorea leprosula in a common garden experimental plot CH Ng, KKS Ng, SL Lee, R Suwa, CT Lee, LH Tnah Journal of Forestry Research 34 (3), 781-792 , 2023 2023 Citations: 12
GENIC MICROSATELLITE LOCI OF A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED DIPTEROCARP, DIPTEROCARPUS CORNUTUS (KERUING GOMBANG), DERIVED FROM TRANSCRIPTOME SEQUENCES NF Zakaria, NKK Siong, LC Ting, A Djusman, H Humaira'Zakaria, ... Climate Change Impact on the Sustainability of Agriculture, Forestry and … , 2023 2023
Tracing the geographic origin of planted tropical timber Neobalanocarpus heimii (chengal) with DNA approach LH Tnah, CT Lee, CH Ng, KKS Ng, Z Nurul Farhanah, SL Lee Conservation Genetics Resources 14 (4), 413-419 , 2022 2022 Citations: 1
DNA databases of an important tropical timber tree species Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic timber identification CH Ng, KKS Ng, SL Lee, NF Zakaria, CT Lee, LH Tnah Scientific Reports 12 (1), 9546 , 2022 2022 Citations: 18
DNA databases of a CITES listed species Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) as the tracking tools for forensic identification and chain of custody certification SL Lee, NF Zakaria, LH Tnah, CH Ng, KKS Ng, CT Lee, KH Lau, ... Forensic Science International: Genetics 57, 102658 , 2022 2022 Citations: 23
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Spatial structure and genetic diversity of two tropical tree species with contrasting breeding systems and different ploidy levels KKS Ng, SL Lee, CL Koh Molecular Ecology 13 (3), 657-669 , 2004 2004 Citations: 128
Linking the gaps between conservation research and conservation management of rare dipterocarps: a case study of Shorea lumutensis SL Lee, KKS Ng, LG Saw, CT Lee, N Muhammad, N Tani, Y Tsumura, ... Biological Conservation 131 (1), 72-92 , 2006 2006 Citations: 101
DNA barcode database of common herbal plants in the tropics: a resource for herbal product authentication LH Tnah, SL Lee, AL Tan, CT Lee, KKS Ng, CH Ng, ZN Farhanah Food control 95, 318-326 , 2019 2019 Citations: 89
Isolation and characterization of 20 microsatellite loci for an important tropical tree Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) and their applicability to S. parvifolia SL Lee, N Tani, KKS Ng, Y Tsumura Molecular Ecology Notes 4 (2), 222-225 , 2004 2004 Citations: 79
Molecular database for classifying Shorea species (Dipterocarpaceae) and techniques for checking the legitimacy of timber and wood products Y Tsumura, T Kado, K Yoshida, H Abe, M Ohtani, Y Taguchi, Y Fukue, ... Journal of plant research 124 (1), 35-48 , 2011 2011 Citations: 72
Forensic DNA profiling of tropical timber species in Peninsular Malaysia LH Tnah, SL Lee, KKS Ng, QZ Faridah, I Faridah-Hanum Forest ecology and management 259 (8), 1436-1446 , 2010 2010 Citations: 67
Population genetics of Intsia palembanica (Leguminosae) and genetic conservation of Virgin Jungle Reserves in Peninsular Malaysia SL Lee, KKS Ng, LG Saw, A Norwati, MHS Salwana, CT Lee, M Norwati American Journal of Botany 89 (3), 447-459 , 2002 2002 Citations: 65
Impact of selective logging on genetic diversity of two tropical tree species with contrasting breeding systems using direct comparison and simulation methods KKS Ng, SL Lee, S Ueno Forest Ecology and Management 257 (1), 107-116 , 2009 2009 Citations: 61
Effects of flowering tree density on the mating system and gene flow in Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia Y Fukue, T Kado, SL Lee, KKS Ng, N Muhammad, Y Tsumura Journal of Plant Research 120 (3), 413-420 , 2007 2007 Citations: 61
DNA extraction from dry wood of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic DNA profiling and timber tracking LH Tnah, SL Lee, KKS Ng, S Bhassu, RY Othman Wood science and technology 46 (5), 813-825 , 2012 2012 Citations: 60
Nuclear and chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals P leistocene divergence and subsequent secondary contact of two genetic lineages of the tropical rainforest tree species S … M Ohtani, T Kondo, N Tani, S Ueno, LS Lee, KKS Ng, N Muhammad, ... Molecular Ecology 22 (8), 2264-2279 , 2013 2013 Citations: 58
Paternity analysis-based inference of pollen dispersal patterns, male fecundity variation, and influence of flowering tree density and general flowering magnitude in two … N Tani, Y Tsumura, T Kado, Y Taguchi, SL Lee, N Muhammad, KKS Ng, ... Annals of botany 104 (7), 1421-1434 , 2009 2009 Citations: 55
Forensic timber identification: a case study of a CITES listed species, Gonystylus bancanus (Thymelaeaceae) KKS Ng, SL Lee, LH Tnah, Z Nurul-Farhanah, CH Ng, CT Lee, N Tani, ... Forensic Science International: Genetics 23, 197-209 , 2016 2016 Citations: 52
Spatial structure and genetic diversity of three tropical tree species with different habitat preferences within a natural forest KKS Ng, SL Lee, LG Saw, JB Plotkin, CL Koh Tree Genetics & Genomes 2 (3), 121-131 , 2006 2006 Citations: 49
Geographical traceability of an important tropical timber (Neobalanocarpus heimii) inferred from chloroplast DNA LH Tnah, SL Lee, KKS Ng, N Tani, S Bhassu, RY Othman Forest Ecology and Management 258 (9), 1918-1923 , 2009 2009 Citations: 47
Genetic diversity of two tropical tree species of the Dipterocarpaceae following logging and restoration in Borneo: high genetic diversity in plots with high species diversity CC Ang, MJ O’brien, KKS Ng, PC Lee, A Hector, B Schmid, KK Shimizu Plant Ecology & Diversity 9 (5-6), 459-469 , 2016 2016 Citations: 38
The genome of Shorea leprosula (Dipterocarpaceae) highlights the ecological relevance of drought in aseasonal tropical rainforests KKS Ng, MJ Kobayashi, JA Fawcett, M Hatakeyama, T Paape, CH Ng, ... Communications Biology 4 (1), 1166 , 2021 2021 Citations: 37
Low genetic diversity indicating the threatened status of Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae) in Malaysia: declined evolution meets habitat destruction A Amelia, KKS Ng, CH Ng, CT Lee, LH Tnah, Nurul-Farhanah, Z, ... Scientific Reports 10 (19122), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76092 , 2020 2020 Citations: 35
Geographic origin and individual assignment of Shorea platyclados (Dipterocarpaceae) for forensic identification CH Ng, SL Lee, LH Tnah, KKS Ng, CT Lee, B Diway, E Khoo PLoS One 12 (4), e0176158 , 2017 2017 Citations: 32