IMPROVEMENT OF THE HYDRATION TECHNOLOGY OF WALNUT OIL WITH NON-STANDARD QUALITY INDICATORS Gabriella Birta, Vladyslav Knysh, Anatolii Shostia, Svitlana Usenko, Liubov Morozova, et al. Eastern European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2026 The object of the study is the hydration process of walnut oil with non-standard quality indicators. Walnut oil is used in the food, cosmetic industry, and for technical purposes. Phosphorus-containing substances worsen the consumer and technological properties of oils, complicate the purification processes and use in chemical reactions. Hydration allows to remove phosphorus-containing substances by treating with water, acids, or enzyme preparations. The hydration of walnut oil with an increased mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances, as well as moisture and volatile substances was studied. The qualitative indicators of the initial oil: mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances (in terms of stearooleolecithin) 0.56%, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances 0.4%, peroxide value 3.2 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value 2.5 mg KOH/g. The oil was previously subjected to water hydration under the following conditions: temperature 55°C, added water concentration 1.0%, settling time 2 h. The mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances decreased to 0.49%. Further reduction of the mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances was carried out using citric acid (50% solution). Rational conditions for acid hydration were established: temperature 60°C, citric acid concentration to the mass of oil 0.3%. After that, the mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances in the hydrated oil was 0.07%. The hydrated oil was subjected to drying under vacuum conditions (95°C, 1 h). The mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances in the dried hydrated oil was 0.1%. Effective extraction of phosphorus-containing substances from the oil was achieved by gradually conducting water and acid hydration and establishing rational conditions for acid hydration. The results of the work make it possible to effectively carry out hydration of walnut oil and other oils with an increased content of phosphorus-containing substances.
Bioenergy agroecosystems as a basis for food sustainability Yurii Tarariko, Vladyslav Knysh, Ibrokhim Sapaev Bio Web of Conferences, 2025 The article examines the prospects for the introduction of a bioenergy system of agricultural production in Western Polesie using the example of a reclaimed area of 10 thousand hectares, under the jurisdiction of the Shatsk Department of Reclamation Systems (Volyn region, Ukraine). A multi-option simulation of the potential sectoral structure of this region was conducted using the “Agroecosystem” software package. The study assessed the key components of the agri-resource potential of the region, identified conditions for improving its efficiency, and proposed sustainable models for sectoral development based on bioenergy principles. A comparative computer analysis showed that the most promising scenario includes organic farming, high-yield dairy production, and the processing of raw materials into dairy and meat products, oil, and flax fiber. Energy needs are met through biogas production from all agricultural waste, which is fully sanitized. The application of biological crop protection systems and energy self-sufficiency reduces production costs by 30%, while the quality and market value of high-end food products increase accordingly. As a result, agricultural profitability rises significantly, and the local population benefits from affordable, high- quality food and products made from natural raw materials. In the future, an important part of the profit could come from reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR OPERATIONAL MONITORING OF THE CITY’S WATER ENVIRONMENT BASED ON IOT TECHNOLOGIES Yue Zheng, Chenjian Dong, Jianjun Wang, Andrii Topalov, Oksana Nechai, et al. Comptes Rendus De L Academie Bulgare Des Sciences, 2025 This work deals with the issue of operational environmental monitoring of the urban water environment. The specified general provisions regarding the functioning of monitoring methods and the monitoring programme of water bodies. Maximum permissible concentrations of various water quality indicators are set. The main sources of pollution and the main requirements for water quality control systems are defined. On the basis of the above, an industrial parameter control system based on the principles of the Internet of Things technology for remote monitoring and operator control was developed. In the process of performing the work, structural and functional schemes of the operational monitoring system were created and local and remote level work algorithms were compiled. The analysis of measurements of a large number of parameters of the water environment was carried out. The proposed approach proved the possibility of ensuring high accuracy and reliability of measurement results obtained using the developed computer monitoring system.
IDENTIFYING OF RATIONAL CONDITIONS FOR ETHERIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER SOAPSTOCK FATTY ACIDS Gabriella Birta, Nadiya Levoshko, Vladyslav Knysh, Svitlana Usenko, Anatolii Shostia, et al. Eastern European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2025 The object of the study is the process of esterification of sunflower soapstock fatty acids with butanol. Soapstock is a waste of the oil and fat industry, which is formed in the process of alkaline neutralization of oils. The processing of soapstock to obtain fatty acids is promising, since the disposal of waste is difficult and dangerous, and fatty acids are an industrially valuable product. Fatty acids obtained from soapstock are an available raw material for the production of fatty acid esters of low molecular weight alcohols, which are the basis of alternative biodiesel fuel. The influence of the conditions of esterification of fatty acids from sunflower soapstock (CAS Number 61788-66-7) with butanol (CAS Number 71-36-3) in the presence of an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid catalyst on the acid value of the reaction mixture was studied. This indicator reflects an increase in the content of butyl esters. The fatty acids used, obtained from soapstock by decomposition with sulfuric acid, meet the requirements of DSTU 4860 for first-grade fatty acids. The neutralization number of fatty acids is 186.0 mg KOH/g, the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances is 1.7 %, the mass fraction of total fat is 97.5 %, the depth of cleavage is 67.1 % of oleic acid. Rational conditions for the esterification process have been established, which correspond to the maximum reduction in the acid value of the reaction mixture: duration is 12 hours, catalyst concentration is 3.5 %. In this case, the acid value of the reaction mass was 4.05 mg KOH/g. The product yield was 91.5 %. Product parameters: mass fraction of esters – 92.7 %, mass fraction of total glycerol – 0.20 %, mass fraction of moisture 0.04 %, density at the temperature of 15 °C – 840 kg/m3. The results obtained make it possible to obtain a high-quality base for biodiesel fuel using soapstock fatty acids under rational conditions
ESTABLISHING THE INFLUENCE OF SUNFLOWER OIL QUALITY INDICATORS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSESTERIFICATION CATALYST Mykola Korchak, Vladyslav Knysh, Anatolii Shostia, Svitlana Usenko, Yevgenia Hmelnitska, et al. Eastern European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2025 The object of the study is the process of chemical transesterification of sunflower oil with increased mass fraction of moisture and acid value. Transesterification technology allows obtaining fats with the necessary physico-chemical properties without changing the fatty acid composition. The problem of using alkaline catalysts is rapid deactivation under the influence of impurities present in the fatty raw material. The greatest influence is exerted by moisture and fatty acids. Transesterification of sunflower oil with increased mass fraction of moisture and acid value in the presence of potassium glyceroxide, which is more resistant to deactivating impurities, was studied. Oil parameters: peroxide value 0.18 ½ O mmol/kg, acid value 0.08 mg KOH/g, mass fraction of moisture 0.05%, crystallization temperature –18.38°C. Oil samples with mass fractions of moisture from 0.1 to 0.75% (obtained by adding water) were stored for two months under the following conditions: temperature (20±2) °C, air humidity not more than 70%. After storage, the acid value was measured in each sample and transesterification was performed. The efficiency of the process was assessed by the oil crystallization temperature. The maximum values of oil indicators at which the potassium glyceroxide catalyst is effective were established: mass fraction of moisture 0.4%, acid value 0.28 mg KOH/g. At the same time, the crystallization temperature of sunflower oil is –3.95°C, which corresponds to the maximum increase in the crystallization temperature of oil as a result of transesterification. The results obtained make it possible to effectively transesterify sunflower and other types of non-standard quality oils without preliminary treatment. This will reduce the cost of production and increase the profitability of enterprises (depending on the indicators of non-standard raw materials).
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