Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle plant extract and determining its efficiency to treat fabric dyeing effluent Ahila Karunakaran Gowri, Amutha Thambiraj, Thamaraiselvi Chandran, Joseph Sahayarayan Jesudass, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, Kapildev Gnanajothi, Dinesh Ayyar, Madhappan Santhamoorthy, Saravanan Rajendran, Manikandan Ayyar Zeitschrift Fur Physikalische Chemie, 2026 In the present investigation, Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation method using an extract obtained from the freshwater aquatic flora Hydrilla verticillata (L.f) Royle and subjected to various characterization studies, including UV-DRS, XRD, FTIR, EDX, SEM, followed by HR-TEM. The UV-DRS spectrum was found in the range of 375 nm–737 nm, and the optical reflectance band gap energy was determined by the Kubelka-Munk equation, and the value was 1.74449 eV. The XRD pattern of Fe 3 O 4 nanoentities showed diffraction peaks in the regions of 2 θ at 30.764°, 36.324°, 43.835°, 57.743°, and 63.469° corresponding to crystal plane miller indices (220), (311), (004), (115), and (404), respectively (JCPDS File No. 01-076-1470). The crystallite structure of the nanoparticle was tetragonal, and the lattice constant measurements were found to be a = 8.471 Å, b = 8.471 Å and c = 8.396 Å. The crystallite structure of the particle was 7.5 nm. The peak observed at 590 cm −1 , and 605 cm −1 is consequents to the strong band for Fe–O–Fe bonding. The EDX analysis showed 67.12 % of Fe and 32.88 % of oxygen molecule. The dispersed irregular spherical form of morphology was observed in the SEM result. From the HR-TEM results, the morphological structure and size of the particle were found to be spherical and 11.57 nm. The SAED pattern indicates the polycrystalline properties of the nanoparticles. The application of Fe 3 O 4 nanoentity resulted in the reduction of 71 % of color, 69 % of solids in a dissolved state, 73 % of organic matter that could be degraded by strong oxidizing agents, and 37 % of Cl − ion from the wastewater generated during fabric dyeing processes. The antibacterial activity of the particle showed a better inhibition effect (15 mm) against Escherichia coli . After the treatment phase, the Fe 3 O 4 NPs that have been used can be retrieved by applying an apt magnetic field, which allows for their re-utilization in the remediation of dyeing wastewater. Henceforth, this is an environmentally friendly approach for dyeing industry waste water treatment, which enhances the conservation of existing water and land resource for sustainable development.
Sustainable management of coffee cherry pulping wastewater using biogenically synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles Thamaraiselvi C., Athira S.T., Vasanthy M., Joseph Sahayarayan Jesudass, Kapildev Gnanajothi, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran Next Materials, 2026 Coffee processing wastewater poses serious environmental concerns due to its high organic load, acidity, and complex contaminant profile. This study developed an eco-friendly solution using green-synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles derived from Ricinus communis L. and Calpurnia aurea seeds. Comprehensive characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful formation of crystalline nanoparticles with bioactive surface functional groups. Kaolin coagulation tests demonstrated effective turbidity removal. When applied to coffee effluent, Calpurnia aurea -derived nanoparticles showed optimal performance, removing 84–91 % of color, 59–70 % of TDS, and 63–77 % of COD, outperforming Ricinus communis L.-derived nanoparticles. FTIR analysis of post-treatment sludge identified key functional group interactions (-OH, -COOH, -NH₂) responsible for pollutant removal through combined electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and precipitation mechanisms. These findings demonstrate a sustainable, high-efficiency alternative for coffee wastewater treatment, offering dual environmental advantages through green synthesis and effective pollution mitigation.
Advances in nanocomposite larvicides for mosquito vector management: a comprehensive review Kiruthiga Natarajan, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, Selvakumar Thirumalaisamy, Kalaiselvi Aasaithambi, John Joseph Beni Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2025 Background The occurrence of malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, West Nile virus, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue diseases causes significant morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries due to the emergence of virulent strains and the development of drug resistance. Nanotechnology, a potent tool, can mitigate the mosquito’s emergence and larvae breeding sources effectively. Nanocomposites, an amalgamation of metals/metal oxide/polymer, will target the specific mosquitoes and can suppress their growth and development. Therefore, our objective is to explore the larvicidal potency of nanocomposites in the larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex pipiens and to address the possible use of nanocomposites as insecticides in Integrated Pest Management. Main body Nanocomposites have diverse applications in biological sectors due to the distinctive optical and physical chemical properties. These tailored composites can tackle virulent strains, and mosquitoes can’t develop resistance. Nanocomposites act against larvae of various developmental stages (1st–4th instar) in Ae.aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, An.stephensi, and Cx. pipiens with significant LC50 values. The larvicidal effect of the nanocomposite is influenced by species-specific, size and shape, surface coating, and others. The nanocomposites induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering oxidative stress and activating apoptosis mechanisms in the larvae. From the available literature studies, nanocomposites are effective against Ae. aegypti > Cx. quinquefasciatus > Cx. pipiens > An. stephensi mosquitoes. Conclusion The nanocomposites are effective against all stages of mosquito larvae and can be further formulated as an insecticide to control the mosquito menace. Thus, the nanocomposites are a novel material for the eradication of juvenile mosquitoes with higher efficacy and efficiency.
Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Herbal Mixture with Annona muricata and Guilandina bonduc against Cancer lines (A 549, SiHa, HeLa)-A Systematic Study Feba Sara Koshy, M. Karpakavalli, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, D. Ranjithkumar, Alagar Yadav Sangilimuthu Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2025 Polyherbal formulations are widely utilized in ethnomedicine due to their synergistic effects and broad-spectrum bioactivity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties, cytotoxic potential against cancer cell lines and to perform GC-MS profiling of a polyherbal mixture derived from Annona muricata leaves and Guilandina bonduc seeds. Ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared using Soxhlet extraction and combined in a 1:1 ratio. Standardization involved phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and assessing antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays and cytotoxicity screening. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis identified active bioactive constituents including 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, phytol, caryophyllene and squalene. Herbal mixture shows low cytotoxicity to normal cells and moderate cytotoxicity to cancer cells, especially A549 (lung cancer). The herbal mixture demonstrated significant antioxidant potential and moderate cytotoxicity towards cancer cell lines (A 549 and SiHa), supporting its traditional use and paving the way for further pharmacological investigations.
Antimicrobial Nanometallics Kiruthiga Natarajan, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran Antimicrobial Materials and Interfaces Synthesis Characterization and Applications, 2025 Global health is still seriously threatened by microbial infections, which are made worse by the expanding problem of antimicrobial resistance, which reduces the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. Although natural and synthetic antibiotics have been essential in the fight against diseases, their shortcomings in the face of growing resistance call for creative approaches. Creating antibacterial nanometallics through nanotechnology is a promising way to address this crisis. This new area makes use of nanoparticles’ (NPs) special physicochemical characteristics to efficiently stop microbial growth. Silver, gold, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper, iron oxide, selenium oxide, and bimetallic NPs are among the many NPs that are thoroughly examined in this chapter, along with their antimicrobial mechanisms and possible uses. These NPs damage membranes, interfere with intracellular functions, and cause oxidative stress, among other mechanisms, to disrupt microbial cells. Furthermore, the versatility of bimetallic NPs enhances their efficacy and broadens their scope of application. Integrating nanotechnology into antimicrobial research opens avenues for sustainable and effective solutions to the global challenge of microbial diseases.
Harnessing the functional role of polymeric nanocomposite in dental caries disease: A comprehensive review Selva Kumar T, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran Hybrid Advances, 2025 Dental caries remains a significant global health concern, driving the demand for advanced materials that offer both enhanced protective capabilities and improved mechanical properties. This review describes the promising role of polymeric nano-composites in dental applications, particularly in preventing and treating dental caries. Polymeric nano-composites, known for their superior antimicrobial action, provide a robust alternative to traditional dental materials by effectively inhibiting biofilm formation and offering enhanced dental protection. The integration of natural polymers within these composites not only improves their compatibility with biological tissues but also optimizes their mechanical properties, such as durability and flexibility. These enhancements are critical in the performance of dental sealants, fillings, and orthodontic applications and also it explores the mechanisms by which surface modifications in polymeric nano-composites prevent biofilm formation, leading to significant reductions in the incidence of secondary caries. The advantages in terms of efficacy and biofilm inhibition are highlighted by comparative studies between polymeric nanocomposites and conventional nanocomposites. Even though, disadvantages such as potential cytotoxicity, long-term stability, and economic considerations are discussed. Addressing these challenges is essential to maximize the clinical and acceptance of polymeric nano-composites in dentistry applications. This review highlights the transformative potential of these materials in enhancing oral health and advancing dental restorative practices.
An investigation of the Syzygium cumini L. seed extract against ovarian cancer: In vitro studies Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, Selvakumari Palani, Kruthiga Natarajan, Kalaiselvi Aasaithambi, Alagar Yadav Sangilimuthu Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2025 Medicinal plants nurture various chemical constituents that can be extracted and used for various ailments like anticancer, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants. In this pipeline, we explore the anticancer activity of Syzygium cumini L. seed extracts against ovarian cancer. Our study shows that Syzygium cumini L. seed extract triggers apoptosis-mediated cell death in the SKOV cell line. Further, we uncovered that Syzygium cumini L. seed extract triggers ROS and induces oxidative stress followed by apoptosis. The cell cycle distribution analysis by flow cytometry denotes that Syzygium cumini L. seed extract arrests the cell cycle at the Go/G1 phase. The GC-MS analysis of the Syzygium cumini L. seed acetone extract implies the presence of notorious bioactive compounds claiming to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, in the overall study we conclude that Syzygium cumini L. seed extract can be developed as a lead molecule for the treatment of ovarian cancer after subjecting to in vivo studies.
Implementation of artificial intelligence for effective plant disease management Current Science, 2025
Platinum Group Metals: Sources, Occurrence and Applications Kumar T Selva, Rajiv Periakaruppan, Aminu Abdullahi, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran Environmental Technologies to Treat Platinum Group Element Pollution Principles and Engineering, 2025
Polymer and lipid-based nanoparticles to deliver RNAi and CRISPR systems Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, Prabu Kumar Seetharaman, Jeyapragash Danaraj, P. Rajiv, Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam Crispr and Rnai Systems Nanobiotechnology Approaches to Plant Breeding and Protection A Volume in Nanobiotechnology for Plant Protection, 2021
Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Crescentia cujete l. and their antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
Antibacterial activity of indigenous entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae against clinically isolated human pathogens International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
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