Spatial distribution of acoustic pressure and cavitation activity zones in a fluid system: numerical modelling and experiment Иван Олегович Сбоев, Татьяна Петровна Любимова, Михаил Олегович Кучинский, Константин Анатольевич Рыбкин Computational Continuum Mechanics, 2025 One of the areas of study of physicochemical processes occurring in liquids under the influence of high-frequency sound vibrations (ultrasound) is the determination of the role of acoustic cavitation. This phenomenon occurs due to the uneven distribution of acoustic pressure generated by an ultrasound source (emitter) inside the working chamber. The objective of this article is to study numerically the three-dimensional stationary distribution of acoustic pressure in a working cavity filled with a liquid with constant physicochemical properties using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. In addition to numerical modeling, we also conduct an experimental study in which a foil test technique is applied to determine the location of the areas where cavitation takes place; the results of the test are estimated by their comparison with the calculated acoustic field structure inside the working chamber. Within the framework of the developed numerical model, for simplicity we consider standing ultrasonic waves. Two geometrical configurations of a computational domain are used: a circular cylinder and a rectangular parallelepiped. The stationary distribution of acoustic pressure over a circular radiator is analyzed. It is assumed that ultrasonic standing waves propagate in a compressible medium with sound energy dissipation due to viscous friction or the formation of vapor-gas bubbles in the liquid being neglected. We set zero pressure or an impedance condition at the upper and lateral boundaries of the working cavity. We investigate the distribution of acoustic pressure in standing ultrasonic waves at resonant and non-resonant operating frequencies of the emitter. The acoustic pressure distribution in the central section of the working cavity is compared with photographs of the aluminum foil surface obtained in a full-scale experiment using the foil test method.
A Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Boundary Conditions on Acoustic Pressure Distribution in a Sonochemical Reactor Chamber Ivan Sboev, Tatyana Lyubimova, Konstantin Rybkin, Michael Kuchinskiy Fluid Dynamics and Materials Processing, 2024 The intensi fi cation of physicochemical processes in the sonochemical reactor chamber is widely used in problems of synthesis, extraction and separation. One of the most important mechanisms at play in such processes is the acoustic cavitation due to the non-uniform distribution of acoustic pressure in the chamber. Cavitation has a strong impact on the surface degradation mechanisms. In this work, a numerical calculation of the acoustic pressure distribution inside the reactor chamber was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The numerical results have revealed the dependence of the structure of the acoustic pressure fi eld on the boundary conditions for various thicknesses of the piezoelectric transducer. In particular, the amplitude of the acoustic pressure is minimal in the case of absorbing boundaries, and the attenuation becomes more signi fi cant as the thickness of the piezoelectric transducer increases. In addition, re fl ective boundaries play a signi fi cant role in the formation and distribution of zones of maximum cavitation activity.
Method of generation, measurement of the size and number of microbubbles in NaCl and SDS solutions of different concentrations K Rybkin, M Kuchinskiy, T Lyubimova, M Kozlov, O Fattalov, et al. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2022 The research work shows the method of generating and registration of bubbles which is provided by the finely disperse membrane, the air compressor, the water pump and the optical image registration unit and analyses of images. In order to estimate the size of the fixed bubbles the specialized software on Python programming language was used as a tool of analysis. The software outcomes are presented in the form of diagrams of the distribution of the number of bubbles by the diameter. The results of experiments for solutions of sodium chloride salt and sodium dodecyl sulfate of various concentrations indicated the possibility of controlling both the diameter and the amount of produced air bubbles. One of the main findings of the scientific work is determination of the concentration of sodium chloride, which leads to inhibition of the effect of Sodium dodecyl sulfate on the distribution of bubbles by their size in the experiments.
Experimental Study of the Acoustic Pressure Distribution in a Sonochemical Reactor M Kuchinskiy, T Lyubimova, K Rybkin, O Fattalov Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2021 The work is devoted to an experimental study of the main parameters of the acoustic flow that occurs in a liquid under the influence of an ultrasound source (US) with a frequency of 1.7 MHz. To study the type of emerging currents, the method of tracer and fluorescence imaging was used; the distribution of relative acoustic pressure was found using a vibration sensor; to measure the intensity of cavitation events, thermocouple measurements were used. Experiments have shown that an increase in the concentration of the NaCl salt in the water solution reduces the intensity of vibrations when the sensor is removed from the ultrasonic source. The maximum intensity of cavitation events also changes its position, moving to the area near the ultrasonic source. Thus, the effect of an increase in the salt concentration on the type of flow in a sonochemical reactor was noted, which was also experimentally recorded in the work using light-reflecting particles.
Experimental Study of the Processes of Formation, Drift and Coalescence of Vapor-Gas Bubbles in Aqueous Solutions of Salts and Surfactants in a Sonochemical Reactor O Fattalov, T Lyubimova, K Rybkin, M Kozlov, M Kuchinskiy Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2021 An experimental study of the activity of cavitation processes and the intensity of coalescence of vapor-gas bubbles arising in the volume of a liquid in the presence of ultrasonic (US) exposure in a NaCl salt solution and at various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant has been carried out. The process of bubble formation and drift was recorded using a highspeed camera in the plane of the cuvette illuminated by a laser knife. It is shown that the addition of a surfactant to an aqueous solution of NaCl salt leads to a partial inhibition of the coalescence of the observed bubbles and a change in the degassing mode of the liquid in the presence of ultrasonic treatment. The maximum activity of cavitation processes and the formation of vapor-gas bubbles was observed in the presence of salt and a low concentration of SDS. Thus, the presence of a surfactant in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M NaCl salt leads to a change in the growth dynamics of the bubble ensemble, since small bubbles are not able to float to the surface, due to the prevalence of viscous and vibrational forces over buoyancy force.