Kumar Anupam
@cppri.res.in
Scientist, Chemical Recovery and Biorefinery Division
Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, India
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Pulp and Paper, Adsorption, Process Modelling and Optimization, Multi-Criteria Decision Making, Waste Utilization, Biochar
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Shilpi Harnal, Gaurav Sharma, Anupriya, Anand Muni Mishra, Deepak Bagga, Nikhil Saini, Pankaj Kumar Goley, and Kumar Anupam
Wiley
AbstractBackgroundAn innovative and interactive real‐world environment can be presented with augmented reality (AR) that comprises digital visual elements, audio, or other sensory information delivered via technology to enhance one's experience. AR has numerous potential applications in various everyday fields. The education sector is one such arena where AR has been implemented prominently globally. AR in education can impact active students' learning to memorize effectively and can persuade them to engage in a meaningful process of learning.ObjectivesThis article presents a bibliometric analysis of some recent applications of AR, emphasizing the potential effects, challenges, and trends of AR in the education sector for the past 15 years.MethodsA total of 3909 documents published during 2006–2020 were retrieved from the Scopus database for analysis. The bibliometric analysis included document types, subject categorization, document growth, as well as top contributing sources, countries, authors, and funding sponsors. It also analyses keywords, abstracts, titles, and characteristics of the most cited documents. Additionally, it provides a brief account of the challenges for AR adaptation in education.Results and conclusionsThe findings uncover an increased use of AR to promote enhanced learning in the education field. This work will provide the survey, limitations, and drawbacks, as well as open usability and technical issues that may represent new challenges for future research in this field.
Jitender Dhiman, Kumar Anupam, Vaneet Kumar, and Saruchi
Springer Nature Singapore
Nidhi Sharma, R. D. Godiyal, Bhawana, B. P. Thapliyal, and Kumar Anupam
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Grasses have emerged as potential alternative raw materials which can replace wood for pulp and paper products. Various species of grasses have been explored previously for pulp and paper production. This study is aimed to investigate pulp and papermaking characteristics of a grass species namely Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt which is commonly known as citronella grass. This grass was subjected to proximate chemical characterisation; fibre morphology analysis; soda, soda-AQ (soda-anthraquinone), and kraft pulping; elemental chlorine free bleaching using D0EPD1 (D = ClO2 in acidic medium; EP = alkaline extraction with addition of H2O2; 0 and 1 = initial and final stage) sequence; and evaluation of physical strength properties of paper hand sheets. The pulp and paper hand sheets were also examined through SEM (scanning electron microscope) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy to observe the structural and functional group variations. The proximate chemical analysis of citronella grass was found superior in terms of α-cellulose (38.10%), pentosans (22.30%) and alkali solubility (28.20%) while inferior in terms of ash (8.20%), lignin (25.10%) and alcohol benzene solubility (6.31%) with respect to some other grass species used for pulp and papermaking. Fibre length (0.69–0.74 mm) and fibre width (13.8–15.1 μm) were also comparable to other grass species. Brown pulp characteristics such as screened yield (44.67%), brightness (~24 %ISO) and kappa number (~20) revealed superiority of soda-AQ pulping among all the pulping processes while the kraft pulp exhibited the highest brightness (83.05 %ISO) and intrinsic viscosity (17.6 cP) after D0EPD1 bleaching. Tear index, tensile index and burst index of paper hand sheets obtained from bleaching of soda-AQ and kraft pulps were almost similar but higher to that of bleached soda pulp. The citronella grass was found suitable for producing writing and printing grade paper based on processes and optimised parameters described in this study.
Kumar Anupam, Richa Aggrawal, Jitender Dhiman, Priti Shivhare Lal, Thallada Bhaskar, and Dharm Dutt
Elsevier
Kumar Anupam, Jitender Dhiman, Pankaj Kumar Goley, Anupriya, Anil Singh Pundir, Virender Yadav, and Rama Rao Karri
Elsevier
Kumar Anupam, Richa Aggrawal, Jitender Dhiman, Thallada Bhaskar, and Dharm Dutt
Elsevier
Kumar Anupam, Pankaj Kumar Goley, and Anil Yadav
Elsevier
Kumar Anupam, Virender Yadav, and Rama Rao Karri
Elsevier
Nidhi Sharma, Bhawana, R.D. Godiyal, B.P. Thapliyal, and Kumar Anupam
Elsevier BV
Abstract Morphology and anatomy of pulp fibres are very crucial in determining the physical and strength properties of paper sheets prepared from them. This study reports the morphological and anatomical features of bleached soda, soda-AQ (Soda-anthraquinone) and kraft pulp fibres obtained from solid residues left after extraction of essential oil from Citronella grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) using hydro-distillation. Their surface morphology and structural properties were also analyzed using SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscope. The pulps exhibited mean length-weighted length ∼709–736 µm, average fibre width ∼13.5–14.4 µm, average fibre curl 8%, average fines length ∼49–51 µm and average fines area ∼1001–1058 µm. The parenchyma length, parenchyma width, vessels length, vessels width, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness of the bleached soda–AQ pulp were found to be 205.92 µm, 96.62 µm, 515.84 µm, 35.28 µm, 4.45 µm and 4.53 µm respectively. SEM analysis of paper hand sheets revealed a dense network of well bounded fibres within the matrix while FTIR analysis demonstrated presence of characteristic bands of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in pulp samples. Comparison of morphological and anatomical features of these pulps with those of other grasses and non-woody raw materials confirmed the suitability of essential oil isolated Citronella grass as potential raw material for pulp and paper industry.
Kumar Anupam, Deepika, Vinay Swaroop, and Priti Shivhare Lal
Elsevier BV
Abstract Melia dubia is a recently identified hardwood for papermaking. This study reports oxygen delignification of its kraft pulp. Modeling of O2 delignification was done implementing central composite design taking temperature, time and NaOH charge as process parameters while pulp yield, kappa number, intrinsic viscosity and brightness were the process outputs. The high precision quadratic models developed for O2 delignification revealed antagonistic, synergistic and significant interaction effects between temperature, time and NaOH charge. The optimum values of process parameters estimated were 90 °C, 90 min and 1.39% respectively which gave pulp yield 96.64%, total kappa number 10.52, intrinsic viscosity 628.54 cm3/g and brightness 42.52% which were very much comparable to other papermaking raw materials. On the whole, the optimization desirability obtained for O2 delignification was 0.621. The overall O2 delignification efficiency based on the total kappa number and the true lignin kappa number was found to be 30.33% and 38.23% respectively. The O2 delignification practiced in this investigation led to 10.42% increase in brightness and 19.93% reduction in viscosity which would prove advantageous for subsequent elemental and total chlorine free bleaching.
Akash Pratim Bora, Sumit H. Dhawane, Kumar Anupam, and Gopinath Halder
Elsevier BV
Abstract The present study investigates the feasibility of synthesis of environmentally benign heterogeneous carbonaceous catalyst and biodiesel production from a single source i.e. Mesua ferrea Linn (MFL) seeds. The study primarily focuses on the optimisation of biodiesel synthesis process considering four parameters viz. reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading and methanol to oil ratio (M/O). The parametric influence on the free fatty acid (FFA) conversion has been studied to evaluate the most significant parameters. The contribution factor and analysis of variance results reveal that temperature is the most significant parameter influencing the FFA conversion followed by reaction time and catalyst content. The optimum conditions observed for maximum FFA conversion of 95.57% were: temperature 55 °C, time 2 h, catalyst content 10 wt% and M/O 6:1. The physico-chemical properties of the produced Mesua ferrea oil methyl ester (MFOME) were analysed following ASTM standard methods and found to be within limit; and compatible with the conventional diesel. Thus, the study suggests that the MFL seeds could be a promising source for the synthesis of an effective heterogeneous catalyst; and eco-friendly energy efficient sustainable fuel through the concept of green chemistry by converting waste into valuable commodity towards mitigation of increased energy demand.
Nidhi Sharma, R. D. Godiyal, Bhawana, B. P. Thapliyal, and Kumar Anupam
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
PurposeThis investigation is aimed to explore the pulp and papermaking potential of solid residue left after isolation of essential oil from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt using hydro distillation, as well as to evaluate the physical strength properties of pulp and paper produced from it.MethodsSoda, soda–AQ (soda–anthraquinone) and kraft pulping of oil isolated C. winterianus were optimized and the corresponding optimum unbleached pulp in each process was subjected to environment friendly ECF (elemental chlorine free) bleaching using D1EpD2 (D = chlorine dioxide in acidic medium; Ep = alkaline extraction with addition of hydrogen peroxide; 1 and 2 = first and second time) sequence. Fibre morphological investigation and fibre classification of bleached pulp from every optimized pulping process were also carried out. Hand sheets of bleached pulps were prepared to evaluate the physical strength properties. All the methods were followed as per standard procedures.ResultsThe proximate chemical composition of oil isolated C. winterianus revealed 62.70% holocellulose, 37.62% alpha-cellulose, 21.10% pentosans and 24.10% lignin. Kraft pulping at 12% NaOH dose and 20% sulphidity produced unbleached pulp with kappa 18.72, yield 43.68%, brightness 21.36% and viscosity 32.6 cp; while bleached pulp with brightness 83.67% and viscosity 16.7 cp. However, hand sheets prepared from soda–AQ pulping exhibited tensile index 31.5 N m/g, tear index 5.02 m Nm2/g and burst index 2.20 kPam2/g which were superior to kraft pulping. Soda pulp demonstrated inferiority in quality to kraft and soda–AQ pulps. No significant differences were observed in fibre morphology of pulps from different processes while fibre classification revealed maximum useful bleached fibres 55.9% from kraft pulping.ConclusionsThis research proved that C. winterianus solid residue left after isolation of essential oil could be a substantial source for pulp and papermaking using conventional pulping processes and ECF bleaching sequence at process conditions described in this work.
Avinash V. Palodkar, Kumar Anupam, Soumya Banerjee, and Gopinath Halder
Wiley
Avinash V. Palodkar, Kumar Anupam, Zunipa Roy, B. B. Saha, and G. N. Halder
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Adsorption characteristics of nitrogen onto granular activated carbon for the wide range of temperature (303–323 K) and pressure (0.2027–2.0265 MPa) have been reported for a single bed pressure swing adsorption refrigeration system. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Dubinin-Astakhov and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The Langmuir and D-R isotherm models were found appropriate in correlating experimental adsorption data with an average relative error of ±2.0541% and ±0.6659% respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption data were estimated as a function of surface coverage of nitrogen and temperature using D-R isotherm. The heat of adsorption was observed to decrease from 12.65 to 6.98 kJ.mol−1 with an increase in surface concentration at 303 K and it followed the same pattern for other temperatures. It was found that an increase in temperature enhances the magnitude of the heat of adsorption.
P. Mondal and A. Dalai
CRC Press
This chapter focuses on different processes for upgrading the heavy petroleum residues into valuable products. It highlights the growing demand for petroleum products every year and diminishing supplies of crude oil. It enlists the essential properties of these residues and provides the much needed selection criteria for adopting an upgradation technique. It discusses various upgradation techniques, that is, visbreaking, gasification, delayed coking, hydrocracking, and so on, and recent advancements that have been incorporated into them. It examines the merits and demerits of these techniques and compares them. It gives an overview of the biotechnological processes for the residue utilization. 3.
Aparna Mukherjee, Seema Halder, Deepshikha Datta, Kumar Anupam, Biren Hazra, Mrinal Kanti Mandal, and Gopinath Halder
Elsevier BV
Graphical abstract
Kumar Anupam, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Priti Shivhare Lal, Suman Dutta, and Sudip Maity
Elsevier BV
Biochar fuel (CH0.50O0.19N0.06) was prepared from Leucaena leucocephala bark (CH2.80O0.53N0.03) through the slow pyrolysis process adopting design of experiments technique. Modelling and optimization of the slow pyrolysis process was respectively carried out implementing five level central composite design and numerical technique under response surface methodology. Pyrolysis temperature and time were taken as independent parameters while biochar fuel yield, bulk density, higher heating value, energy density and energy yield were chosen as dependent parameters. The optimal pyrolysis temperature and time were estimated to be 367.47 °C and 135.38 min respectively. These optimum values of temperature and time gave biochar yield 47.29%, bulk density 319.73 kg/m3, higher heating value 23.30 MJ/kg, energy density 1.21, and energy yield 56.55%. The developed quadratic models were checked using ANOVA (analysis of variance) technique for their validity and degree of fitness. The high values of ‘Adequate precision’,R2 and its negligible difference with ‘AdjustedR2’ as well as ‘PredictedR2’ for each model indicated that the fitted empirical models can be used for prediction with reasonable precision. The quadratic models revealed strong interaction between pyrolysis temperature and time towards preparation of biochar fuel. It was further observed that desirability of pyrolysis temperature (0.91) is more than pyrolysis time (0.63). Comparison of Van Krevelen diagram of present biochar fuel with several other biochar fuels and coals showed that prepared biochar has better fuel properties in comparison to raw bark.
Kumar Anupam, Avinash V. Palodkar, and G. N. Halder
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Abstract
Pressure swing adsorption of nitrogen onto granular activated carbon in the single-bed adsorber–desorber chamber has been studied at six different pressures 6–18 kgf/cm2 to evaluate their performance as an alternative refrigeration technique. Refrigerating effect showed a linear rise with an increase in the operating pressure. However, the heat of adsorption and COP exhibited initial rise with the increasing operating pressure but decreased later after reaching a maximum value. The COP initially increases with operating pressures however, with the further rise of operating pressure it steadily decreased. The highest average refrigeration, maximum heat of adsorption and optimum coefficient of performance was evaluated to be 415.38 W at 18 kgf/cm2, 92756.35 J at 15 kgf/cm2 and 1.32 at 12 kgf/cm2, respectively. The system successfully produced chilled water at 1.7 °C from ambient water at 28.2 °C.
Kumar Anupam, Suman Dutta, Chiranjib Bhattacharjee, and Siddhartha Datta
Informa UK Limited
AbstractA three-layered feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) model has been designed to predict the adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity for the adsorptive removal of chromium (VI) from synthetic wastewater. The adsorbent dose, wastewater pH, initial pollutant concentration and contact time were used to develop the network. The data used to train and test the model were obtained from several batch experiments. Various algorithms and transfer functions for hidden layer were tested to find the most reliable network. Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton backpropagation algorithm gave the most satisfactory results for adsorption efficiency. Resilient and BFGS quasi-Newton backpropagation were the most suitable algorithm for adsorption capacity. The best combination of training algorithm and transfer function for adsorption efficiency was found to be trainrp and poslin, while poslin produced simulated results within 10% deviation for adsorption capacity. Eight to eleven neurons...
Arvind Kumar Sharma, Kumar Anupam, Vinay Swaroop, Priti Shivhare Lal, and Vimlesh Bist
Elsevier BV
Abstract Development of large scale commercial pulping and papermaking processes using agricultural solid residues as raw materials is ecologically and environmentally important. This paper reports pilot scale soda-anthraquinone pulping of palm oil empty fruit bunches and elemental chlorine free bleaching of resulting pulp using DEpD sequence. The physical and morphological properties of resulting bleached and unbleached pulp fibres along with yield have been determined. The pilot scale unbleached pulp exhibited brightness 31.4%, kappa number 18, viscosity 845 mL/g, tensile index 59 Nm/g, burst index 5 kN/g and tear index 7.8 mNm 2 /g with a yield of 48% and bleached pulp resulted in brightness 85%, viscosity 650 mL/g, tensile index 48 Nm/g, burst index 4.70 kN/g and tear index 9.1 mNm 2 /g. Comparison of these values with those obtained at lab scale by various researchers through different processes revealed that the operating conditions adopted in this study can be successfully implemented at a paper mill for commercial production of pulp and paper from palm oil empty fruit bunches.
Kumar Anupam, Jaya Sikder, Sayan Pal, and Gopinath Halder
Wiley
Experimental and statistical investigations on the removal of chromium (VI) from simulated wastewater over the influence of different parameters viz. pH, cross flow rate, and transmembrane pressure were carried out in cross-flow nanofiltration through central composite response surface design. A satisfactory prediction second order regression model was developed and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination with R2 value of 0.9820. The maximum chromium (VI) rejection of 0.9893 and permeate flux of 38 L/h were achieved at optimum parametric conditions of pH 11, cross flow rate 700 L/h and transmembrane pressure 10 bar. The results indicate that the chromium (VI) rejection strongly depends not only on linear and square effects of pH, cross flow rate, and transmembrane pressure but also on interaction effects of pH and transmembrane pressure as well as cross flow rate and transmembrane pressure. The study reveals that the nanofiltration process at the optimal conditions could lead to a significant result in removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1332–1340, 2015