Laura Daniuseviciute-Brazaite
@ktu.edu
Social Science, Art and Humanity
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Neuroscience/educational neuroscience, the relationship between human cognitive function and health as mental, physical and social well-being
Scopus Publications
Scholar Citations
Scholar h-index
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Evelina Jaleniauskienė, Donata Lisaitė, and Laura Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) occupies a transforming role in education, including language teaching and learning. Using bibliometric analysis, this study aims to overview the most recent research related to the use of AI in language education. Specifically, it reviews the existing body of research, productivity in this field in terms of authors and countries, co-authorship, most cited references and most popular journals that publish on this topic. Furthermore, the study also analyses the most common keywords and extracts relevant terms that reveal trending topics. For the period between 2018 and 2022, 2,609 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The results showed that each year a consistent number of publications on the application of AI in language education appears. Scholars from China and the USA have been revealed to be most productive. Computer Assisted Language Learning contains the highest number of publications. Within the research on the use of AI in language education, the most targeted language-learning aspects were acquisition, motivation, performance, vocabulary, instruction, feedback, and impact. The analysis of the most common keywords related to AI-based solutions showed that mobile-assisted language learning, virtual reality, augmented reality, elements of gamification, games, social robots, machine translation, intelligent tutoring systems, chatbots, machine learning, neural networks, automatic speech recognition, big data, and deep learning were most popular.
Akvilė Feiferytė-Skirienė, Lina Draudvilienė, Žaneta Stasiškienė, Sergej Sosunkevič, Kastytis Pamakštys, Laura Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė, and Inga Gurauskienė
MDPI AG
The identification of the main steps for the creation of a unified ecosystem from the institutional point of view and the framework for ecosystem design is presented and discussed. Based on the expertise and the knowledge gained during the time when the ELISE project had been implemented, a unified Kaunas city ecosystem is being designed using the Ecosystem Map method. As the review of the ELISE project reports helped to identify the main steps of each project partner in building ecosystems’ networks, Kaunas city chose to create a co-Creation Hub (c-CH), which is the first step in developing an ecosystem management model. The main tasks of such a hub are listed, and should involve the preparation of a long-term action plan involving not only the coordination of the stakeholder meetings, organisation of seminars, the preparation of new materials, and methodology but also the development of a clear strategy for each stakeholder based on national economy and government and municipality policies. The role of the c-CH is to ensure the ease of cooperation and knowledge distribution among stakeholders within the city, public authorities, and the national government. This approach could become a fundamental background tool for the regional and/or city municipal and stakeholder-based creation and development of unified ecosystem development.
Agne Paulauskaite-Taraseviciene, Ingrida Lagzdinyte-Budnike, Lina Gaiziuniene, Vilma Sukacke, and Laura Daniuseviciute-Brazaite
MDPI AG
The issue of sustainability in education has never been more important for the future of our environment, and strategies to develop the skills needed by younger generations to meet this significant global challenge should be developed across all curricula. There is much focus on the topic of sustainability in business, finance, climate, health, water and education; however, there are some challenges when sustainability needs to be integrated into engineering or fundamental study programs (SPs). In the latter, sustainability is more often emphasized and implemented through its general principles or separate modules in social sciences and project activities. There are a number of questions and challenges in how to highlight sustainability aspects and evaluation metrics due to the specifics of the engineering study field. For evaluating the sustainability level in engineering studies, a hierarchical methodology employing the SAMR (Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition) model is proposed, taking a technological university in Lithuania as the case study. As a more concrete example, the first and second cycle SPs titled ‘Artificial Intelligence’ are described and analyzed in all relevant perspectives of sustainability. The study proposes five tangible criteria that must be emphasized in the learning process in order to ensure the development of sustainability goals in IT/AI study programs.
Laura Daniuseviciute-Brazaite
MDPI AG
The aim of this study is to predict sustainable behavior based on the awareness of food labels and to assess the role of food quality certification on consumer choice. A quantitative descriptive study was performed to implement the research objectives, while the qualitative data was obtained by an online survey. The sample consisted of 384 subjects; the sample was calculated with 95% reliability and a 5% scattering range. The survey was conducted in August 2020. After rejecting incorrectly completed questionnaires, 392 questionnaires were suitable for further analysis. The study concluded that consumers are not yet familiar with the Lithuanian national food quality system: they are characterized by a relatively low focus on food quality labels. The level of attractiveness and awareness of the Lithuanian NQP label is low: a small proportion of consumers name it as a memorable, clear and targeted food label. The consumers’ behavior is related to the importance of health and nutrition, the price–quality ratio, the regional label (such as Lithuanianness), when raw materials and production are used from/in Lithuania, as well as environmental sustainability.
Milda Eimonte, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Henrikas Paulauskas, Astra Vitkauskiene, Gintare Dauksaite, and Marius Brazaitis
Elsevier BV
Margarita Cernych, Andrius Satas, Andrius Rapalis, Vaidotas Marozas, Lina Malciene, Arunas Lukosevicius, Laura Daniuseviciute, and Marius Brazaitis
Wiley
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a consequent decrease in vascular reactivity and increase in peripheral vascular resistance. These effectors compromise the body's ability to thermoregulate in hot and cold stress conditions. We investigated heat‐unacclimated young adult men (26 ± 2 years) to determine whether 36 hr of TSD compared to an 8 or 4‐hr sleep condition, would suppress the responses of the autonomic system (body rectal temperature [Tre], heart rate [HR], root mean square of successive interbeat intervals, physiological strain, blood pressure [BP], circulating blood catecholamines, sweating rate and subjective sensations) to whole‐body uncompensable passive heat stress in traditional Finnish sauna heat (Tair = 80–90°C, rh = 30%). Sauna bathing that induced whole‐body hyperthermia had a residual effect on reducing BP in the 8‐hr and 4‐hr sleep per night conditions according to BP measurements. By contrast, 36 hr of total wakefulness led to an increase in BP. These observed sleep deprivation‐dependent differences in BP modifications were not accompanied by changes in the blood plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. However, during sauna bathing, an increase in BP following 36 hr of TSD was accompanied by significant decreases in body Tre, HR and physiological strain, together with a diminished sweating rate, enhanced vagus‐mediated autonomic control of HR variability, and improved thermal perception by the subjects. Our results suggest the impaired ability of the body to accumulate external heat in the body's core under uncompensable passive heat conditions following 36 hr of TSD, because of the TSD‐attenuated autonomic system response to acute heat stress.
Milda Eimonte, Henrikas Paulauskas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Nerijus Eimantas, Astra Vitkauskiene, Gintare Dauksaite, Rima Solianik, and Marius Brazaitis
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Background: One of the most challenging environmental extremes is immersion in cold/icy water, and consequent common assumption is that even a brief exposure to cold can lead to cold-related illnesses. The increase in the concentrations of the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (NE) in response to acute cold stress are thought to suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokines. No previous study has explored the residual consequences of whole-body short-term cold-water immersion (CWI; 14 °C for 10 min) on the immune response in healthy non-acclimated young adult men (aged 20–30 years). Materials and methods: In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that short-term acute whole-body CWI would induce high blood levels of cortisol, NE, and Epi, which in turn would increase circulating leukocyte numbers and delay the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6). Results: Short-term whole-body CWI produced a stressful physiological reaction, as manifested by hyperventilation and increased muscle shivering, metabolic heat production, and heart rate. CWI also induced the marked release of the stress hormones Epi, NE, and cortisol. The change in IL-6 concentration after CWI was delayed and TNF-α production was decreased, but IL-1β was not affected within 48 h after CWI. A delayed increase in neutrophil percentage and decrease in lymphocyte percentage occurred after CWI. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, even though CWI caused changes in stress and immune markers, the participants showed no predisposition to symptoms of the common cold within 48 h after CWI.
Marius Brazaitis, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskiene, Sandra Kilikeviciene, Astra Vitkauskiene, and Laura Daniuseviciute
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Background: Although acute thermal stress appears to be one of the most effective stressors that increase the intra- and extracellular concentrations of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), 17β-estradiol has been shown to inhibit heat-induced Hsp72 expression. Materials and Methods: To determine whether severe whole-body hyperthermia (increase in rectal temperature up to 39.5 °C) induced by lower-body heating is a sufficient stimulus to modulate hormonal (17β-estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and extracellular Hsp72 responses, we investigated young adult women (21 ± 1 yr). Results and Conclusions: In the present study, we show that a severe whole-body hyperthermia (increase in rectal temperature of approximately 2.6 °C and heart rate of approximately 80 bpm from baseline) was sufficient to increase 17β-estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin and catecholamine norepinephrine concentration. Moreover, we show that the concentration of extracellular Hsp72 and catecholamine epinephrine were not affected by severe whole-body hyperthermia in young adult women. From the functional point of view, expression of ovarian hormones induced by passive heat stress may have therapeutic potential for young adult women in, for example, estrogen treatment and overall women’s health.
Marius Brazaitis, Henrikas Paulauskas, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Gintautas Volungevicius, and Albertas Skurvydas
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Healthy aging is associated with a progressive decline in motor performance and thermoregulatory efficiency. Functional consequences of severe whole-body hyperthermia on neurophysiological functions in healthy aged men have not been investigated. To determine whether severe whole-body hyperthermia (increase in rectal temperature of about 2.5 °C) induced by lower-body heating in older men (64–80 years, n = 9) would suppress excitability of reflexes, voluntarily and electrically induced ankle plantar flexor contractile properties were compared with those in young men (19–21 years, n = 11). Though no aging effect on hyperthermia-induced reflex amplitudes was observed, a decrease in maximal H-reflex and V-wave latencies was found to be greater in older than in young men. In older men, lower-body heating was accompanied by a significant increase in twitch and tetani test torque in parallel with a greater decrease in muscle contraction time. There was no temperature-depended aging effect on the voluntary activation and maximal voluntary torque production. Despite delayed and weakened thermoregulation and age-related decline in neuromuscular function, motor performance in whole-body severe hyperthermia is apparently preserved in healthy aging.
Laura Kyguoliene, Albertas Skurvydas, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskiene, Rasa Steponaviciute, Laura Daniuseviciute, Henrikas Paulauskas, Margarita Cernych, and Marius Brazaitis
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Laura Daniusevičiūtė-Brazaitė and L. Abromaitienė
It is believed that university students commit many nutritional errors due to changes in lifestyle such as moving away from the family home, irregular meals, long hours spent studying, and frequently taking part-time jobs. Thus, we aimed to a) describe the baseline dietary intake of university students, b) identify differences in healthy eating between genders, and c) explore the relationship between lipoproteins and anthropometric data. In total, 500 students, 339 females and 161 males from Lithuanian universities and colleges participated in the study. The Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary habits. The body composition values and blood analysis were estimated. Most participants (74.3%) reported regularly eating breakfast on weekdays, but of those, less than half ate breakfast 1-2 days a week. Females were more likely to consume cooked vegetables, salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruits, and curd-/cream cheese/yoghurt (p<0.001). By comparison, consumption of red meat, poultry, sausages, fish, and hard/soft cheeses (p<0.001) was common among males. In addition, males ate fast food (p<0.001) more often than females. Females consumed chocolate more often than males did (p<0.001). In males, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were correlated with body weight and body mass index (BMI) (p <0.01). In females, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was negatively correlated with body weight and BMI (p<0.01). The main barriers to healthy eating were identified as skipping breakfast and deficiencies in the consumption of specific food groups such as fruits and vegetables as recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). With respect to gender, differences in healthy eating were found in the consumption of meat and regular meals. The degree of obesity, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol were higher in males, suggesting possible association with chronic disease incidence such as hyperlipidaemia and hypertension.
Albertas Skurvydas, Vaidas Verbickas, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskiene, Margarita Cernych, Erika Skrodeniene, Laura Daniuseviciute, and Marius Brazaitis
Frontiers Media SA
The main aim of our study was to determinate whether a repeated bout (RB) (vs. first bout [FB]) of sprint interval cycling exercise (SIE) is sufficient to mitigate SIE-induced psychological and physiological biomarker kinetics within 48 h after the exercise. Ten physically active men (age, 22.6 ± 5.2 years; VO2max, 44.3 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min) performed the FB of SIE (12 repeats of 5 s each) on one day and the RB 2 weeks later. The following parameters were measured: motor performance (voluntary, electrically induced and isokinetic skeletal muscle contraction torque, and central activation ratio [CAR]); stress markers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine]; inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α); metabolic markers (glucose and lactate); muscle and rectal temperature; cycling power output; and psychological perceptions. The average cycling power output and neuromuscular fatigue after exercise did not differ between the FB and RB. There were significant decreases in cortisol and BDNF concentration at 12 h (P < 0.05) and 24 h (P < 0.001) after the FB, respectively. The decrease in cortisol concentration observed 12 h after exercise was significantly greater after the RB (P < 0.05) than after the FB. The immune-metabolic response to the RB (vs. FB) SIE was suppressed and accompanied by lower psychological exertion. Most of the changes in psychological and physiological biomarkers in the FB and RB were closely related to the response kinetics of changes in BDNF concentration.
V. Bernecke, K. Pukenas, L. Daniuseviciute, N. Baranauskiene, H. Paulauskas, N. Eimantas, and M. Brazaitis
Elsevier BV
Margarita Cernych, Neringa Baranauskiene, Nerijus Eimantas, Sigitas Kamandulis, Laura Daniuseviciute, and Marius Brazaitis
Frontiers Media SA
We evaluated gender-specific effects of two types of undergarments on exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress and subsequent recovery in cold conditions for male and female participants. Ten healthy men and eleven healthy women (25.0 ± 1.5 versus 23.4 ± 1.2 years old, respectively) completed the experimental session twice with two different types of undergarments: polyester or merino wool leggings and long-sleeve tops; specifically, merino fabric had greater thermal resistance and water absorbency, and less water vapor as well as air permeability than polyester. Experimental sessions involved performing 1 h of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 8°C ambient temperature and 55% relative humidity, holding at 70–80 revolutions per minute and 60% of each participant’s predetermined maximal power output (assessed by maximal oxygen uptake test), followed by 1 h recovery in the same environment. Every 5 min during exercise and every 10 min during recovery, rectal temperature, heart rate, subjective ratings for thermal, shivering/sweating and clothing wetness sensations, and clothing next-to-skin and outer side surface temperature and humidity on the chest, back and thigh were recorded. All participants experienced high physiological stress (assessed by physiological strain index) during exercise. No significant gender differences were found in core temperature or heart rate changes during exercise, but women cooled down faster during recovery. Next-to-skin humidity was similar between genders and different garment sets during exercise and recovery, but such temperatures at the chest during exercise and at the thigh during exercise and recovery were lower in women with both sets of garments. Subjective thermal sensations were similar in all cases. In the last 20 min of cycling, women started to feel wetter than men (P < 0.05) for both garment sets. Shivering was reported as stronger in women in the last 10 min of recovery. Most of the changes in the garment microclimates during exercise and recovery in the cold were associated with gender-related differences rather than with fabric-related differences.
Marius Brazaitis, Henrikas Paulauskas, Albertas Skurvydas, Henning Budde, Laura Daniuseviciute, and Nerijus Eimantas
Frontiers Media SA
Background: It is well known that cold exposure experienced during occupational or recreational activities may adversely affect motor, cognitive performance, and health. Most research has used prolonged passive external rewarming modalities and focused on the direct effects on the kinetics of physiological and psychological responses in hypothermic subjects. However, the brief whole body rewarming effects on physiological and psychological responses in parallel with functional consequences on cognitive and neurophysiological functions have not been investigated. This study explores these effects in 12 healthy young men. Methods: Subjects (20 ± 1 years) participated in 4 randomized trials, which were designed to compare the effects of whole-body brief (5-min) rewarming in 37°C water with rewarming for the same duration in 24°C (air) thermoneutral environment in mildly hypothermic subjects. After each rewarming, indicators of neuromuscular function (reflexes, central activation ratio, electromyography of exercising muscle, and contractile properties of calf muscles) and cognitive function (attention, simple motor speed, and information processing speed) were assessed. Results: Compared to rewarming in thermoneutral environment, after brief rewarming in 37°C water, significantly lower metabolic heat production (MHP) (206 ± 33.4 vs. 121.9 ± 24.3 W·m2, P < 0.01), heart rate (76 ± 16 vs. 60 ± 12 b·min−1, P < 0.01), cold strain (6.4 ± 3.1 vs. 5.3 ± 2.7, P < 0.01), improved thermal comfort and induced cessation of shivering were found. Electrically induced maximum torque amplitudes increased (P100, 102.8 ± 21.3 vs. 109.2 ± 17.5 Nm and PTT100, 83.1 ± 17.1 vs. 92.7 ± 16.0 Nm, P < 0.05), contraction half-relaxation time decreased (599.0 ± 53.8 vs. 589.0 ± 56.3 ms, P < 0.05), and Mmax-wave latency shortened (17.5 ± 2.2 vs. 15.6 ± 2.0 ms, P < 0.05) after 37°C water rewarming. Unlike rewarming in thermoneutral environment, 37°C water rewarming blunted the hypothermia-induced alterations in neural drive transmission (4.3 ± 0.5 vs. 3.4 ± 0.8 mV H-reflex and 4.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.4 ± 0.4 mV V-wave, P < 0.05), which increased central fatigue during a 2-min maximum load (P < 0.05). Furthermore, only in brief warm water rewarming cerebral alterations were restored to the control level and it was indicated by shortened reaction times (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Brief rewarming in warm water rather than the same duration rewarming in thermoneutral environment blunted the hypothermia-induced alterations for sensation, motor drive, and cognition, despite the fact that rectal and deep muscle temperature remained lowered.
Marius Brazaitis, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Astra Vitkauskiene, Henrikas Paulauskas, and Albertas Skurvydas
Informa UK Limited
Abstract Purpose: The main aim of this study was to compare physiological and psychological reactions to heat stress between people who exhibited fast cooling (FC, n = 20) or slow cooling (SC; n = 20) responses to 14 °C cold water immersion. Methods: Forty healthy young men (19–25 years old) were recruited to this study based on their tolerance to cold exposure (FC versus SC). The heat stress was induced using immersion in bath water at 43–44 °C. Motor and cognitive performance, immune variables, markers of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity (i.e. stress hormone concentrations), and autonomic nervous system activity were monitored. Results: In the FC group, time to warm the body from a resting rectal temperature (Tre) of 37.1 ± 0.2 °C before warming to 39.5 °C was 63.7 ± 22.4 min. In the SC group, the time to warm the body from a Tre 37.1 ± 0.3 °C before warming to 39.5 °C was 67.2 ± 13.8 min (p > 0.05 between groups). The physiological stress index (PSI) after warming was 8.0 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 1.0 in the FC and SC groups, respectively (p > 0.05 between groups). During warming, the changes in subjective indicators of heat stress did not differ significantly between the FC (7.4 ± 0.5) and SC (7.1 ± 1.1) groups, respectively. Conclusion: The increase in cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and corticosterone concentrations after passive body heating did not differ between the FC and SC groups. Heat stress did not change indicators of innate and specific immunity in the FC or the SC group. An interesting finding was that heat stress did not affect motor and cognitive function in either group, although central fatigue during 1-min maximal voluntary contraction increased after heat stress in both groups.
Andrius Pranskunas, Zivile Pranskuniene, Egle Milieskaite, Laura Daniuseviciute, Ausrele Kudreviciene, Astra Vitkauskiene, Albertas Skurvydas, and Marius Brazaitis
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Marius Brazaitis, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Dalia Mickeviciene, Rasa Steponaviciute, and Albertas Skurvydas
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Here, we address the question of why some people have a greater chance of surviving and/or better resistance to cold-related-injuries in prolonged exposure to acute cold environments than do others, despite similar physical characteristics. The main aim of this study was to compare physiological and psychological reactions between people who exhibited fast cooling (FC; n = 20) or slow cooling (SC; n = 20) responses to cold water immersion. Individuals in whom the Tre decreased to a set point of 35.5°C before the end of the 170-min cooling time were indicated as the FC group; individuals in whom the Tre did not decrease to the set point of 35.5°C before the end of the 170-min cooling time were classified as the SC group. Cold stress was induced using intermittent immersion in bath water at 14°C. Motor (spinal and supraspinal reflexes, voluntary and electrically induced skeletal muscle contraction force) and cognitive (executive function, short term memory, short term spatial recognition) performance, immune variables (neutrophils, leucocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, IL-6, TNF-α), markers of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity (cortisol, corticosterone) and autonomic nervous system activity (epinephrine, norepinephrine) were monitored. The data obtained in this study suggest that the response of the FC group to cooling vs the SC group response was more likely an insulative–hypothermic response and that the SC vs the FC group displayed a metabolic–insulative response. The observations that an exposure time to 14°C cold water—which was nearly twice as short (96-min vs 170-min) with a greater rectal temperature decrease (35.5°C vs 36.2°C) in the FC group compared with the SC group—induces similar responses of motor, cognitive, and blood stress markers were novel. The most important finding is that subjects with a lower cold-strain-index (SC group) showed stimulation of some markers of innate immunity and suppression of markers of specific immunity.
Marius Brazaitis, Nerijus Eimantas, Laura Daniuseviciute, Neringa Baranauskiene, Erika Skrodeniene, and Albertas Skurvydas
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
The time course of physiological and psychological markers during cold acclimation (CA) was explored. The experiment included 17 controlled (i.e., until the rectal temperature reached 35.5°C or 170 min had elapsed; for the CA-17 session, the subjects (n = 14) were immersed in water for the same amount of time as that used in the CA-1 session) head-out water immersions at a temperature of 14°C over 20 days. The data obtained in this study suggest that the subjects exhibited a thermoregulatory shift from peripheral-to-central to solely central input thermoregulation, as well as from shivering to non-shivering thermogenesis throughout the CA. In the first six CA sessions, a hypothermic type of acclimation was found; further CA (CA-7 to CA-16) led to a transitional shift to a hypothermic–insulative type of acclimation. Interestingly, when the subjects were immersed in water for the same time as that used in the CA-1 session (CA-17), the CA led to a hypothermic type of acclimation. The presence of a metabolic type of thermogenesis was evident only under thermoneutral conditions. Cold-water immersion decreased the concentration of cold-stress markers, reduced the activity of the innate immune system, suppressed specific immunity to a lesser degree and yielded less discomfort and cold sensation. We found a negative correlation between body mass index and Δ metabolic heat production before and after CA.
Saulė Sipavičienė, Laura Daniusevičiutė, Irina Klizienė, Sigitas Kamandulis, and Albertas Skurvydas
Hindawi Limited
The aim of this study was to investigate whether variation in estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle influences susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage after stretch-shortening cycle exercise. Physically active women (n=18; age = 20.2 ± 1.7 yr) participated in this research. The subjects performed one session of 100 maximal drop jumps on day 1 or 2 of the follicular phase and another identical session on day 1 or 2 of the ovulatory phase; the order of the sessions was randomized. Quadriceps femoris muscle peak torque evoked by electrical stimulation and maximal voluntary contraction, muscle pain, and CK activity were measured before and at various times up to 72 h after exercise. It was found that the high estrogen level during the ovulatory phase might be related to an earlier return to baseline muscle strength after strenuous stretch-shortening cycle exercise in that phase compared with the follicular phase. The estrogen effect appears to be highly specific to the damaged site because the differences in most EIMD markers (CK, soreness, and low-frequency fatigue) between the two menstrual cycle phases were small.
Marius Brazaitis, Albertas Skurvydas, Kazys Vadopalas, and Laura Daniusevičiūtė
Elsevier BV
Marius Brazaitis, Sigitas Kamandulis, Albertas Skurvydas, and Laura Daniusevičiūtė
Elsevier BV