A Phased Feature Selection Framework for Robust Detection of Malicious URLs Lokesh Khedekar, Suvarna Pawar IEEE Access, 2026 This paper proposes a three-phase feature selection framework for malicious URL detection using both machine learning and deep learning models. Initially, 50 static URL-based features are extracted from each URL and ranked using Random Forest feature importance. Based on the ranked features, Phase-1 selects the top-20 features, Phase-2 selects the top-30 features, and Phase-3 evaluates deep learning models using the optimized feature set. Experiments on a large and diverse set of data with 632,508 URLs are conducted for reliable training. To validate the generalization ability, external validation is carried out on a set of 5,000 unique URLs collected from a different source. Five machine learning algorithms, namely Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbours, are trained in Phase-1 and Phase-2. The performance of all algorithms is evaluated using standard metrics. Phase-3 uses deep learning models DNN, CNN, LSTM, and GRU. The performance is evaluated on how much it is improved using optimized features. The experimental results proved that feature selection not only improves performance but also reduces complexity. Phase-2 with top 30 features shows the best performance. The accuracy is high, with good external validation accuracy of 92.16%. Phase-3 shows that deep learning models improve performance. The performance is high with 99.61% accuracy using the GRU model. The ROC-AUC value is 0.999. The external validation of deep learning models also shows reliable performance with 89.88% accuracy on unseen data.The proposed phased framework demonstrates robust and scalable malicious URL detection using static URL-based features. The results indicate that combining phased feature selection with machine learning and deep learning models provides an effective and computationally efficient solution for real-world malicious URL detection.
To Avoid Unauthorized Authentication by Identification Through Behavioural Analysis Lokesh Khedekar, Chinmay Mahesh Yadav, Satyam Kumar, Nishikant Waghmare, Vaishnavi Patil, Radha Yeginwar Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning Icsadl 2026, 2026 Keystroke dynamics represent a promising form of behavioural biometrics that are capable of strengthening password-based authentication, traditionally applied without the need for further hardware or intrusive procedures. This research develops and evaluates a machine-learning-powered authentication framework that analyzes users' typing behaviour to detect unauthorized access attempts-even when an attacker is in possession of valid credentials. The system captures the following keystroke timing features during a controlled typing task: hold times, flight times, inter-key latencies, digraph/trigraph patterns, and error metrics. By leveraging these features, multiple machine-learning models-termed as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, One-Class SVM, Isolation Forest, and a lightweight LSTM-are trained to compute a Behaviour Confidence Score in the range <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{0 - 1 0 0 \%}$</tex>, determining the access policy, which may be allow, challenge with OTP, or deny. The proposed approach provides a complete end-to-end pipeline that includes data-collection mechanisms, feature engineering, model training, drift-handling strategies, and real-world deployment using a Flask backend, JavaScriptbased keystroke capture, and MongoDB storage. Prominent experimental plans aimed at the quantitative evaluation of accuracy, robustness against imitation and credential-only attacks, performance variation across devices, and long-term drifts are proposed. Due to the absence of real data, placeholder results are presented; empirical design, however, anticipates AUC values higher than 0.90 for the Random Forest classifiers, while Equal Error Rates should be significantly lower when using per-user one-class models given sufficient amounts of training samples. Ethical and privacy considerations are integrated into the proposed system by storing only anonymized timing vectors, by participant consent, and by mitigating replayattack risks. This will contribute to a deployable behaviouralbiometric authentication framework, a replicable methodology, and insight into the usability-security trade-off. Findings support the feasibility of integrating keystroke dynamics into multi-layered authentication systems, showing future research opportunities in deep behavioural modeling, adaptive learning, and cross-device generalization.
Unauthorized Access Prevention via Keystroke Behaviour Analysis Lokesh Khedekar, Vishwajeet Barade, Rushikesh Godase, Animesh Nilawar, Yash Chhabdiya, Ishan Kale Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems Icears 2026, 2026
A Chunk-Based Cryptographic Framework for Detecting File Content Discrepancies in Cloud Storage Systems Lokesh Khedekar, Samyak Dawale, Tejas Joshi, Anish Kadu, Prathmesh Kalaskar, Yash Kathoke Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning Icsadl 2026, 2026 This paper reports a large scale and secure cloud file integrity which the implementation put forward to protect out hosted data against illegal changes, attacks, or system failures. The proposed system addresses the issue of present cloud storage which does not have real time verification. System use cryptographic hashing (SHA-256/SHA-512) with a chunk-based approach to manage large files which also sees to that do not have delays. At the time of upload, the system has reference hash and metadata in a secure way. The proposed system always does a periodic or on demand check by which it generates a new hash and compares it with the stored reference. The proposed system has real time alert features, secure audit trails, versioning, and support for many clouds (AWS S3, Azure Blob, Google Cloud Storage). The system leverages Python for hashing, Node.js for interfaces, and MongoDB for managing secure metadata. Experimental evaluation demonstrates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1 0 0 \%}$</tex> detection accuracy without false positives. It managed to identify all the corrupted files and, as a result, it can send the notifications or the alerts immediately. The use of chunk-level hashing made the process of verification more efficient and it helped in exactly pointing out the regions which were tampered with.
Natural Disaster Response System Lokesh Khedekar, Atharva Kassa, Kartavya Sharma, Tejas Kedar, Sarthak Kasar, Kaustubh Kelgandre, Sharad Kasralikar Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2026
A Comparative Review of QR Code Scanner According to a Malicious URL Detection Framework 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Uber Rides Prediction using Machine Learning Lokesh S. Khedekar, Ajay S Chhajed, Ravishankar C. Bhaganagre, Naina S. Kokate, Swaraj Patil 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems Icears 2025 Proceedings, 2025
VeriFace: Lightweight CNN Feature Extractors for Fast Deepfake Image Authentication Lokesh Khedekar, Smita Mande, Ajay S. Chhajed, Tejas Kedar, Kaustubh Kelgandre, et al. Proceedings 2025 IEEE 1st International Conference on Smart Innovations in Systems Infrastructure Mechanical Power AI and Computing Technologies Sisimpact 2025, 2025
Krushi Mart: Nurturing Growth, Cultivating Success 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Integrating Machine Learning for Precise Crop Yield Prediction 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Malicious URL Detection Using Machine Learning Lokesh Khedekar, Shail Kamtikar, Sarthak Kamtikar, Krishnakant Kale, Pranav Kamble, Eshan Kannawar 2025 9th International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions Csitss 2025, 2025
Unified Personal Information Management and QR Code Sharing System 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Optimizing Disease Prediction using Machine Learning Techniques and Personalized Nutrition and Diet Plan 16th International Conference on Advances in Computing Control and Telecommunication Technologies Act 2025, 2025
Mood Detection Using Tokenization: A Review Kuldeep Vayadande, Preeti A. Bailke, Lokesh Sheshrao Khedekar, R. Kumar, Varsha R. Dange How Machine Learning is Innovating Todays World A Concise Technical Guide, 2024
A Review on Text Analysis Using NLP Kuldeep Vayadande, Preeti A. Bailke, Lokesh Sheshrao Khedekar, R. Kumar, Varsha R. Dange How Machine Learning is Innovating Todays World A Concise Technical Guide, 2024
A Phased Feature Selection Framework for Robust Detection of Malicious URLs L Khedekar, S Pawar IEEE Access , 2026 2026
A Chunk-Based Cryptographic Framework for Detecting File Content Discrepancies in Cloud Storage Systems L Khedekar, S Dawale, T Joshi, A Kadu, P Kalaskar, Y Kathoke 2026 5th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning … , 2026 2026
To Avoid Unauthorized Authentication by Identification Through Behavioural Analysis L Khedekar, CM Yadav, S Kumar, N Waghmare, V Patil, R Yeginwar 2026 5th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning … , 2026 2026
Unauthorized Access Prevention via Keystroke Behaviour Analysis L Khedekar, V Barade, R Godase, A Nilawar, Y Chhabdiya, I Kale 2026 International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS … , 2026 2026
5th International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning (ICSADL 2026) 18-20 February, 2026 M Nirmal, JT Panachakel, SP Anusha, A Praveen, R Kiran, ... Learning (ICSADL 2026) 18, 20 , 2026 2026
Car Price Prediction using Machine Learning Techniques. L Khedekar, S Jain, S Jadhav, S Jagdale, J Jain, J Jain Grenze International Journal of Engineering & Technology (GIJET) 12 (Part2 … , 2026 2026
Automated Loan Approval using Predictive Analysis. L Khedekar, V Jain, F Jamadar, JS Jangira Grenze International Journal of Engineering & Technology (GIJET) 12 (Part2 … , 2026 2026
Deep Spectrogram-Based EEG Decoding of Visual Stimuli Using a Novel CNN Architecture A Tamhankar, A Kokare, L Khedekar, AB Chincholkar, P Dhawas, S Raut 2025 IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Computing and … , 2025 2025
VeriFace: Lightweight CNN Feature Extractors for Fast Deepfake Image Authentication L Khedekar, S Mande, AS Chhajed, T Kedar, K Kelgandre, A Kassa 2025 IEEE 1st International Conference on Smart Innovations in Systems … , 2025 2025
PREDICTCARE: An AI-Powered Disease Risk Prediction System L Khedekar, K Chillale, A Kulkarni, K Verma, A Kulkarni, A Kotalwar 2025 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Wireless Computing and Networking (GCWCN … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Malicious URL Detection Using Machine Learning L Khedekar, S Kamtikar, S Kamtikar, K Kale, P Kamble, E Kannawar 2025 9th International Conference on Computational System and Information … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
A Comparative Evaluation of Deep Neural Networks for Signature Forgery Detection L Khedekar, R Kanse, R Karanje, K Karjule, A Karle, U Karpe 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Information and … , 2025 2025
Cropcure Companion: An Explainable AI System for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Remedy Management L Khedekar, A Khan, V Kharat, K Khandelwal, S Khandagale, H Khillare 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Information and … , 2025 2025
Credit Risk Modeling Using SHAP: A Comparative Performance Study of XGBoost and LightGBM S Janokar, L Khedekar, M Khandwe, B Khokale, M Khandelwal, ... International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Networking, 67-77 , 2025 2025
Revolutionizing education: An AI-powered learning platform for the future L Khedekar, A Bhide, N Chandak, A Bharadiya, Y Bodhale, Y Chalke AIP Conference Proceedings 3325 (1), 040024 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Cam2PDF: Empowering students with on-the-fly lecture note creation L Khedekar, A Bajaj, A Baldwa, S Barge, Y Bhambare, A Kadu AIP Conference Proceedings 3325 (1), 040022 , 2025 2025
Automated Number Plate Analysis: Using Yolov8 and Easyocr for Enchanted Surveillance L Khedekar, S Kadu, C Kakde, P Kalawadiya, J Khobragade, A Kalaskar 2025 9th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), 1-7 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Enhanced Feature Extraction for Phishing URL Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis of Structural, Host-Based, Content and N-Gram Attributes L Khedekar, S Pawar International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development, 465-475 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Natural Disaster Response System L Khedekar, A Kassa, K Sharma, T Kedar, S Kasar, K Kelgandre, ... International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development, 404-413 , 2025 2025
Predictive Modeling for Healthcare Insurance Costs Using Machine Learning Lokesh Khedekar, Bhawana Rakshit, Prutha Sawale, Siddhant Wasnik, Yashraj Shinde International Journal For Research in Applied Science and Engineering … , 2025 2025
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Strength of QR code over design and implementation of authentication system LS Khedekar, PS Kale 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP … , 2016 2016 Citations: 10
A Review on Text Analysis Using NLP K Vayadande, PA Bailke, LS Khedekar, R Kumar, VR Dange How Machine Learning is Innovating Today's World: A Concise Technical Guide … , 2024 2024 Citations: 8
Gesture-based volume control using computer vision and audio processing LS Khedekar, M Patil 2024 10th International conference on communication and signal processing … , 2024 2024 Citations: 6
Advanced Smart Credential Cum Unique Identification and Recognition System (ASCUIRS) LS Khedekar, DAS Alvi International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET) 4 (1), 97-104 , 2013 2013 Citations: 6
AgriTech: Technology Driven E-Commerce Platform for Sustainable Agricultural Development L Khedekar, R Dagade, V Dahatonde, R Dane, S Dangat, P Deore, ... 2024 8th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile … , 2024 2024 Citations: 5
Wi-Fi Pan Tilt Surveillance Camera Using ESP32 LK Adithya Umare , Harsh Ukey , Om Umale , Ujjwal Patil , Omkar Umbarje ... International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering … , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Security: An effective technique to protecting sensitive information using quick response code LS Khedekar 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP … , 2016 2016 Citations: 4
Farmer Circle: An Online Auction Website for Selling Crops Directly to Businesses L Khedekar, M Vaidya, V Sonwane, V Shivade, V Singh, V Wasule, ... 2023 7th International Conference On Computing, Communication, Control And … , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Strength of Data Matrix Image over Analysis and Design of Exam Processing System LS Khedekar 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), 1-4 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Automated Number Plate Analysis: Using Yolov8 and Easyocr for Enchanted Surveillance L Khedekar, S Kadu, C Kakde, P Kalawadiya, J Khobragade, A Kalaskar 2025 9th International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), 1-7 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
QR Resume: Interactive Resumes with Video and Certificate Integration L Khedekar, C Kakde, J Konduru, P Kalawadiya, A Kalaskar, S Kadu 2025 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT … , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Optimizing disease prediction using machine learning techniques and personalized nutrition and diet plan L Khedekar, S Jain, S Jadhav, S Jagdale, J Jain, J Jain 2025 Citations: 2
Innovating Healthcare: Developing a Comprehensive Patient Record Tracker System for Enhanced Medical Data Management and Patient Care L Khedekar, AD Mohite, AM Kamat, AA Topugol, PD Atale, PS Asniyekar Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Optimization Techniques … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Energy Harvesting from Vehicle Accelerated Wind L Khedekar, B Divate, K Endela, A Dyavanpalli, D Bote, A Ekbote 2024 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT … , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Peti-Chain – Blockchain Based Judicial Petition Filing System M Vaidya, V Sonwane, V Shivade, V Singh, V Wasule, V Ganjoo, ... 2023 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon) , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
PREDICTCARE: An AI-Powered Disease Risk Prediction System L Khedekar, K Chillale, A Kulkarni, K Verma, A Kulkarni, A Kotalwar 2025 IEEE 3rd Global Conference on Wireless Computing and Networking (GCWCN … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Malicious URL Detection Using Machine Learning L Khedekar, S Kamtikar, S Kamtikar, K Kale, P Kamble, E Kannawar 2025 9th International Conference on Computational System and Information … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Revolutionizing education: An AI-powered learning platform for the future L Khedekar, A Bhide, N Chandak, A Bharadiya, Y Bodhale, Y Chalke AIP Conference Proceedings 3325 (1), 040024 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Enhanced Feature Extraction for Phishing URL Detection: A Comprehensive Analysis of Structural, Host-Based, Content and N-Gram Attributes L Khedekar, S Pawar International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development, 465-475 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Comparative Study of CNN Variants for Pneumonia Detection in Medical Imaging L Khedekar, R Kanse, R Karanje, K Karjule, A Karle, U Karpe 2025 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT … , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
