2009-09 to 2013-07 New University of Lisbon Bachelor
2013-09 to 2015-12 University of Macau Master
2018-02 to 2022-11 University of Minho Doctor
RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS
Law, Health Policy
13
Scopus Publications
27
Scholar Citations
3
Scholar h-index
Scopus Publications
The Law for AI in Healthcare Man Teng Iong Law for AI in Healthcare, 2026 This book presents a timely overview of how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming modern healthcare. Combining legal, ethical and practical viewpoints, it explores the impact of AI on patients, clinicians, healthcare organisations and regulators in the EU, UK and US. It delves into the fundamentals of clinical AI systems, explaining how they function and make decisions. It also addresses practical concerns such as safety, fairness, transparency and patient trust. Drawing on real-world examples, such as AI-assisted diagnosis, clinical decision-support tools and machine-learning programmes in hospitals, this book highlights the challenges of aligning law and policy with rapid technological advancements. Key topics explored include bias in medical algorithms, accountability for automation errors and the importance of patient autonomy and data rights for digitally enabled care. The book will appeal to students, policymakers, practitioners and anyone looking to understand the future law of AI in healthcare.
Ethical and Legal Challenges of Partially and Fully Autonomous AI in Healthcare: Reinterpreting Liability and Preserving Trust Man Teng Iong Bioethics, 2026 Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly embedded in healthcare in a variety of ways, ranging from semi‐autonomous decision support systems to the various visions of completely autonomous clinical systems. This article explores the ethical and legal issues that accompany this shift and argues that traditional ways of understanding medical responsibility and the physician‐patient relationships have been strained in light of the increasing autonomy of AI. Ethically, AI raises very acute concerns around transparency and informed consent in the case of “black‐box” systems, the persistence and amplification of bias, privacy risks arising from data‐intensive uses in system development, as well as the harmful effects of automation bias and professional de‐skilling. The article also brings to foreground an underexplored concern—the weakening of relational trust in contexts where clinical judgment and interactions are mediated by an AI, particularly where human oversight of the situation is reduced. Legally, this article outlines challenges of liability across the autonomy spectrum and criticizes proposals that would see AI as an independent liable agent. It promotes a human‐accountability model that includes clinical responsibility for assistive AI, coupled with enterprise measures of liability and post‐market oversight for ever‐more autonomy, backed by mutually appropriate insurance and governance measures. The article ends with some regulatory and institutional recommendations in order to facilitate safe, ethical, and equitable integration of AI in healthcare.
Harmonizing Advance Directives Across Diverse Legal Cultures: A Model Law Proposal for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Man Teng Iong Chinese Journal of Comparative Law, 2025 This article addresses the complex legal landscape surrounding Advance Directives (ADs) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Greater Bay Area), where distinct legal traditions exist. Presently, discrepancies in AD regulations pose significant challenges, potentially leading to the disregard of individuals’ end-of-life preferences when crossing jurisdictional boundaries. While Hong Kong (with the incoming Advance Decision on Life-sustaining Treatment Ordinance) and the city of Shenzhen stand as pioneers in China with AD legislation, inconsistency persists nationwide. To mitigate these challenges, this article proposes a model law harmonizing AD application in cross-border jurisdictions. Emphasizing the primacy of personal autonomy, the model law advocates for the binding nature of ADs, ensuring legal protection and accountability for physicians who honor individuals’ directives. By bridging legal disparities and safeguarding individuals’ rights, this model law aims to promote consistency and respect for end-of-life preferences in the Greater Bay Area.
Advance Directives at Sea: legal and ethical considerations Man Teng Iong International Maritime Health, 2024 This paper delves into the unexplored area of Advance Directives (ADs) in maritime surroundings, diving into the moral and legal quandaries that crop up when these directives are used at sea. ADs, which include durable powers of attorney and living wills, are essential documents that indicate a person's wishes for healthcare in the event of incapacitation. Global variations in legal recognition pose ethical questions, particularly in non-regulated jurisdictions. The maritime context introduces unique challenges, questioning the ethical applicability and binding of ADs at sea. Despite international and European laws ensuring medical assistance, the absence of specific provisions for ADs raises uncertainties. The paper advocates for a balanced approach respecting autonomy while addressing practical challenges, proposing solutions and a standardized international framework. This exploration seeks to uphold individual healthcare preferences, whether on solid ground or navigating the open sea.
Ethical Healthcare During Public Health Emergencies: A Focus on Non-COVID-19 Patients Man Teng Iong Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2024 Governments worldwide have made significant efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, measures against the COVID-19 outbreak have raised concerns relating to the measures that can affect health and endanger the lives of patients not related to COVID-19 but needing emergency treatments. For instance, ambulances were sometimes unable to access restricted zones for patients in urgent situations, and emergency departments were closed or refused urgent cases due to healthcare policies during the pandemic. To prevent such issues in future public health emergencies, changes to existing pandemic prevention measures are necessary. This article, through narrative review, intends to find a better healthcare policy during pandemic to protect proportionally public health and simultaneously guarantee the health and lives of non-COVID-19 patients needing emergency care. For this purpose, it provides three suggestions: ensuring ambulance access to confined areas, strengthening emergency department capabilities, and finding a balance between pandemic control and respect for patient rights. These suggestions are paramount to safeguard public health while securing the health and living for those needing urgent medical care.
Construction of model contract law for Guangdong-Macao intensive cooperation zone in Hengqin Man Teng Iong Journal of Infrastructure Policy and Development, 2024 The Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone in Hengqin (Intensive Cooperation Zone) has emerged as a pivotal economic hub, attracting Macao residents and enterprises. However, disparities in contract-related rules between the zone and Macao have led to legal challenges. This article delves into a comparative study of contract laws between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Macao. Analyzing key facets such as pacta sunt servanda, freedom of contract, principle of equity, contract form, principles of interpretation, and termination of contract, the study identifies nuanced differences. Recognizing the imperative of aligning contract laws for the Intensive Cooperation Zone’s development, the article advocates for a unified legal environment. To achieve this, the author proposes a model contract law that prioritises the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) as the basis. Notably, Macao’s contract-related rules should govern aspects not covered by the CISG given the policy trend in the Intensive Cooperation Zone. The proposed model law serves as a foundation for legislative reform, aiming to address the existing disparities and promote the Intensive Cooperation Zone’s economic growth.
Compulsive medical acts and duty to inform: the Portuguese perspective Iong, Man Teng Biolaw Journal, 2023 In principle, informed consent is a condition of practising medical acts. However, it is arguable if this concept should be applied to persons in an emergency state and persons with infectious diseases under Portuguese law. This article gives a positive answer. In particular cases, the Portuguese legal framework allows situations where consent is not needed when applying compulsive medical acts to specific groups of persons. Nonetheless, this article defends the necessity of the duty to inform before or after compulsive medical actions. This point of view is based on the reasoning that such a duty is not intended to obtain consent and respect patients' autonomy but to respect other fundamental rights regulated in the Portuguese Constitution, such as access to personal data or the right to information.
The Role of China in Enhancing Global Supply Chains: Legal Obstacles and Solutions Man Teng Iong Global Trade and Customs Journal, 2023 Because of its low-cost, highly educated and abundant labour, improved infrastructure, and foreign direct investment, China, a developing nation, has played a crucial role in enhancing global supply chains (SCs) in recent decades. However, the implementation of domestic and global SCs needs to be improved with new measures in China’s legal system. The Chinese government should remove current barriers to improve the trading climate. Even though various analysts have identified the same issue, there needs to be a more focused examination of laws on environmental protection, customs, and tax. As a result, I aim to explain the legal options that may be used to overcome some of the current legal barriers, and the role that the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) plays in creating favourable legal rulings for China’s global SCs. Nonetheless, more is needed, and further legislation is needed to address several legal deficiencies. The goal of this article is to support increasing the Chinese government’s concern over the issues so that it can improve domestic and global SCs. Global Supply Chains, Green Supply Chain, Sustainability, UNCITRAL, China
Advance Directives in Macao: Not Legally Recognised, but Vera Lúcia Raposo, Man Teng Iong Advance Directives Across Asia A Comparative Sociolegal Analysis, 2023 Due to centuries of Portuguese administration, Macao’s jurisprudence was profoundly influenced by Portuguese law. Laws concerning consent to treatment illustrate this, emphasising the Portuguese approach of allowing the patient to decide matters related only to his/her own health. Considering the predominant role of patient wishes, the logical consequence would be the legal recognition of binding advance directives (ADs). However, this is not the case and ADs have not been legislated in Macao. Even though not legally recognised, ADs can still be accepted. This solution might be based on Article 150/2 of the Macanese Criminal Code, which imposes the requirement of presumed consent for cases where a patient cannot express his/her wishes. ADs can also be implemented through doctors’ own practices: their perception of the patients’ current wishes, but also the views of family members. Chinese familism—the idea that the family should decide relevant matters for the individual, including matters in the healthcare domain—is prevalent in Macao and can mean that using ADs in practice is unpredictable. The lack of clarity leads to potential cases of medical liability, frequent violations of the existing law on what is regarded as informed consent and oblivious neglect of patients’ desires.
Telemedicine in china: An enlightenment from covid-19 Medicine and Law, 2020
The struggle against the CoViD-19 pandemic in Macao Biolaw Journal, 2020
Please allow true self-decision under Macao law Medicine and Law, 2019
Fight between secret of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and right to know Medicine and Law, 2018
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
The Law for AI in Healthcare MT Iong Taylor & Francis , 2026 2026
Advance directives in cancer care: A psycho-oncological perspective on legal reform in China MT Iong Psycho-Oncologie 20 (1), 4362 , 2025 2025
Harmonizing Advance Directives Across Diverse Legal Cultures: A Model Law Proposal for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area MT Iong The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 13, cxaf005 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
澳門智慧養老的模式構建與法制完善——以域外經驗為借鑒(Model Construction and Legal Improvement of Smart Elderly Care in Macao – Drawing on Overseas Experience as a Reference) 翁文挺 澳門法學(Macau Law Review), 174-183 , 2025 2025
Ethical Healthcare During Public Health Emergencies: A Focus on Non-COVID-19 Patients MT Iong Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 17, 2803—2810 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Advance Directives at Sea: legal and ethical considerations MT Iong International Maritime Health 75 (4), 262-266 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Responsabilidade Civil na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa - Análise na Perspetiva do Ordenamento Jurídico Português MT Iong Almedina , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
刑法总论（第2卷）：犯罪的法律后果 [Translated from Direito Penal Português - Parte Geral II - As Consequências Jurídicas do Crime (Jorge de Figueiredo Dias)] MT Iong 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Academic Press (China)] , 2024 2024
Construction of model contract law for Guangdong-Macao intensive cooperation zone in Hengqin MT Iong Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8 (4), Article ID: 3525 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Leste Encontra Oeste: uma Análise Comparativa das Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade em Portugal e na China (East Meets West: A Comparative Analysis of the Advance Directives of … MA Araujo, MT Iong Boletim Ciencias Economicas 66, 395-434 , 2024 2024
The Role of China in Enhancing Global Supply Chains: Legal Obstacles and Solutions MT Iong Global Trade and Customs Journal 18 (9), 338 – 345 , 2023 2023
Compulsive medical acts and duty to inform: the Portuguese perspective MT Iong 2023
Advance Directives in Macao: Not Legally Recognised, but... VL Raposo, MT Iong Advance Directives Across Asia: A Comparative Socio-legal Analysis, 262-275 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Advance Directives in Macao VL Raposo, MT Iong 2023
Aplicabilidade da perda de chance na responsabilidade médica MT Iong Encontro de Investigadores EDUM 2022 , 2023 2023
澳门养老的革命: 智慧养老与法制研究(The Revolution of Elderly Care in Macao: A Study of Smart Elderly Care and Legal System) MT Iong 议交流材料─2022海峡法学论坛：养老服务法治保障研究(Conference Exchange … , 2022 2022
Literacia em Saúde e Consentimento Informado: Responsabilidade Civil Médica na Falta de Compreensão da Informação de Saúde MT Iong Meeting of EDUM Researchers 2019, 113-120 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Artificial Intelligence and Traditional Chinese Medicine in Portuguese Criminal Law MT Iong E.Tec Yearbook - Artificial Intelligence & Robots, 39-51 , 2020 2020
Criminal Liability for Violation of Informed Consent in Macao MT Iong UMagazine, 62-65 , 2020 2020
Contrado de Gestação Sub-rogada: Quem Assume a Parentalidade em Caso de Arrependimento? MT Iong Atas das Jornadas Internacionais, Igualdade e Responsabilidade nas Relações … , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Contrado de Gestação Sub-rogada: Quem Assume a Parentalidade em Caso de Arrependimento? MT Iong Atas das Jornadas Internacionais, Igualdade e Responsabilidade nas Relações … , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
The struggle against the CoViD-19 pandemic in Macao VL Raposo, MT Iong BioLaw Journal-Rivista di BioDiritto 1 (2020), 747-752 , 2020 2020 Citations: 4
Advance Directives in Macao: Not Legally Recognised, but... VL Raposo, MT Iong Advance Directives Across Asia: A Comparative Socio-legal Analysis, 262-275 , 2023 2023 Citations: 3
Please Allow True Self-Decision under the Macao Law MT Iong Medicine and Law 38, 183 , 2019 2019 Citations: 3
Directivas antecipadas de vontade: um regime existente em Macau? MT Iong Novas Edições Acadêmicas , 2017 2017 Citations: 3
Construction of model contract law for Guangdong-Macao intensive cooperation zone in Hengqin MT Iong Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8 (4), Article ID: 3525 , 2024 2024 Citations: 2
Telemedicine in China: An enlightenment from COVID-19 MT Iong Medicine and Law 39, 595 , 2020 2020 Citations: 2
Harmonizing Advance Directives Across Diverse Legal Cultures: A Model Law Proposal for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area MT Iong The Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 13, cxaf005 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Ethical Healthcare During Public Health Emergencies: A Focus on Non-COVID-19 Patients MT Iong Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 17, 2803—2810 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Advance Directives at Sea: legal and ethical considerations MT Iong International Maritime Health 75 (4), 262-266 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Responsabilidade Civil na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa - Análise na Perspetiva do Ordenamento Jurídico Português MT Iong Almedina , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Literacia em Saúde e Consentimento Informado: Responsabilidade Civil Médica na Falta de Compreensão da Informação de Saúde MT Iong Meeting of EDUM Researchers 2019, 113-120 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Grandes esperanças: tribunais do acidente médico na República Popular da China VL Raposo, MT Iong Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário 5 (3), 223-236 , 2016 2016 Citations: 1
The Law for AI in Healthcare MT Iong Taylor & Francis , 2026 2026
Advance directives in cancer care: A psycho-oncological perspective on legal reform in China MT Iong Psycho-Oncologie 20 (1), 4362 , 2025 2025
澳門智慧養老的模式構建與法制完善——以域外經驗為借鑒(Model Construction and Legal Improvement of Smart Elderly Care in Macao – Drawing on Overseas Experience as a Reference) 翁文挺 澳門法學(Macau Law Review), 174-183 , 2025 2025
刑法总论（第2卷）：犯罪的法律后果 [Translated from Direito Penal Português - Parte Geral II - As Consequências Jurídicas do Crime (Jorge de Figueiredo Dias)] MT Iong 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Academic Press (China)] , 2024 2024
Leste Encontra Oeste: uma Análise Comparativa das Diretivas Antecipadas de Vontade em Portugal e na China (East Meets West: A Comparative Analysis of the Advance Directives of … MA Araujo, MT Iong Boletim Ciencias Economicas 66, 395-434 , 2024 2024
The Role of China in Enhancing Global Supply Chains: Legal Obstacles and Solutions MT Iong Global Trade and Customs Journal 18 (9), 338 – 345 , 2023 2023
Compulsive medical acts and duty to inform: the Portuguese perspective MT Iong 2023
