Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Veterinary, Equine
17
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Laparoscopically assisted cecal cannulation in standing horses Brenda Ventura Lopes Carvalho, Maria Carolina Neves de Souza, Marcel Ferreira Bastos Avanza, Raffaella Bertoni Cavalcanti Teixeira, José Ricardo Barbosa Silva, et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2026 Introduction Access to the equine cecum is required for various therapeutic and experimental procedures, including decompression, fluid therapy, and transfaunation. Traditional approaches via laparotomy are highly invasive. This study aimed to describe a minimally invasive, laparoscopically assisted technique for cecal cannulation in standing horses. Methods Seven horses underwent the procedure under sedation and paravertebral anesthesia. Two right flank accesses were created: a 10-mm laparoscopic port for visualization and a 2-cm minilaparotomy for cecal exteriorization. A Foley catheter was inserted via typhlotomy and secured with seromuscular sutures. Postoperative management included clinical monitoring and two sessions of intracecal fluid therapy. Results The technique was successfully completed in six of seven horses (85.7%). The catheter remained functional and was used for repeated fluid administration over 22 days without leakage. Horses maintained normal appetite, behaviour, and intestinal motility. One horse developed fatal peritonitis following immediate postoperative fluid therapy, highlighting the importance of a 24–48 h recovery period before high-volume infusion. Local wound exudation was managed effectively without systemic complications. Discussion This standing laparoscopic technique provides a safe, practical, and minimally invasive method for establishing long-term cecal access. It offers a significant advantage over traditional laparotomy by reducing surgical trauma and enabling repeated postoperative therapeutic interventions for conditions like impaction or dysbiosis.
Clinical and laboratory evaluation in horses submitted to intracecal fluid therapy administered in two different rates Brenda Ventura Lopes Carvalho, Maria Carolina Neves de Souza, Nadyne Souza Moreira, Julia Parisi Marliere, João Victor Mesquita Mota, et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2026 Introduction Two routes of administration for electrolyte solutions are commonly used in horses with fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base imbalances: intravenous and nasogastric. Despite the frequent use of these routes, there are situations in which they cannot be applied. In such cases, intracecal fluid therapy represents a viable alternative, as this route enables the administration of enteral electrolyte solutions even in animals lacking normal anterior gastrointestinal function. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a neutral hypotonic enteral electrolyte solution administered intracecally at two different infusion rates in horses experimentally subjected to a 24-h fasting period. Methods This study employed a crossover design in which six experimentally dehydrated horses underwent two treatments: Treat10 (10 mL kg −1 h −1 ) and Treat15 (15 mL kg −1 h −1 ) with a single neutral solution. Horses were subjected to cecal cannulation via video laparoscopy using a modified Hasson technique to insert a Foley catheter for solution administration. Samples were collected at T-24 h (baseline, at the start of the water and food deprivation phase), T0h (at the end of the deprivation phase and the beginning of the fluid therapy), T4h (4 h after the start of fluid therapy), T8h (8 h after the start of fluid therapy), T12h (twelve hours after the start of fluid therapy), and T24h (twelve hours after the end of fluid therapy). Blood gas analysis and measurements of serum osmolarity, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, total protein, lactate, and glucose concentrations were performed. Urine samples were analyzed for concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Results During the fluid therapy phase in animals from both groups, a progressive decrease in serum urea and potassium concentrations was recorded. A decrease in urinary specific gravity, urea and creatinine was also detected during the same period. Conclusion Intracecal administration of electrolyte solutions at rates of 10 mL (Treat10) and 15 mL (Treat15) over 12 h was effective and safe. The electrolyte solution used did not cause significant alterations in electrolyte or acid–base balance, suggesting that its composition is appropriate.
Efficacy of 0.5% Tretinoin in the Treatment of Equine Aural Plaques Felipe Sperandio de Mattos, Lissandro Gonçalves Conceição, Ytalo Galinari Henrique Schuartz, Vitória Régia Melo Silva, Cintia Fernandes Fidélis, et al. Veterinary Dermatology, 2026 Background Equine aural plaques are a benign form of auricular papillomatosis caused by equine papillomavirus. Despite the efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream, a marked local reaction is frequently observed during therapy, often requiring sedation before application. Hypothesis/Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and potential adverse effects of 0.5% topical tretinoin in the treatment of equine aural plaques. We hypothesised that tretinoin would be effective, with fewer adverse effects compared to imiquimod. Animals The study included 10 horses of both sexes, aged between 7 months and 15 years, diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral aural plaques (totalling 17 ears). Materials and Methods This was a controlled clinical trial. Three horses underwent a pilot study, in which only one ear per animal was treated to allow for intra‐animal comparison, while the remaining seven horses received treatment in both ears. Lesions were classified into three groups based on the percentage of the inner auricular surface affected. Treatment was performed with 0.5% topical tretinoin once daily until lesion stabilisation or resolution. Lesion characteristics, treatment response, adverse effects and recurrence were evaluated. Results Sixty‐five percent of the ears exhibited an improvement of > 50% following treatment. On average, maximal lesion resolution occurred within 52.8 days (range 6–74 days). None of the horses exhibited severe sensitivity during the treatment period, allowing for ear manipulation throughout the study. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The topical application of 0.5% tretinoin cream proved to be an effective and safe treatment for equine aural plaques. Further studies with a larger sample size and long‐term follow‐up are recommended to optimise treatment protocols.
Intracecal fluid therapy in adult horses and use of maltodextrin as an energy source on enteral electrolyte solutions Maria Carolina Neves de Souza, Brenda Ventura Lopes Carvalho, Nadyne Souza Moreira, Júlia Parisi Marlière, João Victor Mesquita Mota, et al. Ciencia Rural, 2025 This study evaluated clinical and laboratory parameters of horses treated with two different enteral electrolyte solutions administered via intracecal route. For the establishment of intracecal fluid therapy, the animals were submitted to a video assisted cecum cannulation. Six healthy horses were subjected to the treatments under a crossover study design: enteral electrolyte solutions containing maltodextrin (EESmalto) or not (EESo) as an energy source. In both treatments, the fluid was administered at a rate of 10 mL/kg/h for 12 hours. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed at the following time points: T-24h, T0h, T4h, T8h, T12h, and T24h. The following parameters were evaluated: heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mucous membrane color and moisture, capillary refill time, intestinal motility, abdominal circumference, packed cell volume, fibrinogen and total protein, serum and urinary urea and creatinine, urine specific gravity, and fecal moisture. The significant clinical and laboratorial findings were, respectively, the increase on abdominal circumference and feces softening; and the decrease on serum urea concentration, urine specific gravity and urinary creatinine concentration along intracecal fluid therapy. This outcome was not associated to any adverse effects. So, we can conclude that intracecal fluid therapy is an exceptionally safe and effective route for administration of enteral solutions, and the addition of 5 grams of maltodextrin to the electrolyte solution is safe and does not cause adverse effect. Also, the potential of intracecal fluid therapy to increase feces moisture can point new perspectives for the use of this therapy.
Treatment of experimental hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in horses with enteral electrolyte solution containing sodium acetate Lorena Chaves Monteiro, Caio Monteiro Costa, Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita, Silvio José Printes Gomes Júnior, Felipe Sperandio Mattos, et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2024 IntroductionIn adult horses, the development and evaluation of enteral electrolyte solutions containing sodium acetate for correcting hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis are still lacking, although these electrolyte and acid–base imbalances are commonly observed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alkalinizing effect of two enteral electrolyte solutions containing different concentrations of acetate, administered via nasogastric tube in continuous flow, in adult horses with experimental hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.MethodsSix mares aged between 3 and 10 years were used in a 6×2 crossover design, with each animal receiving both treatments. The horses were subjected to a protocol to induce hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. They then received one of two treatments: HighAcetate (81.4 mmol/L) and LowAcetate (22.7 mmol/L) at an infusion rate of 15 mL/kg/h for 12 h. Plasma, serum, and urinary biochemical assessments; hematocrit; urinary volume, pH, and specific gravity; and blood gas analysis were measured at the following time points: T-12 h (beginning of the 12-h fast), T0h (end of fasting and beginning of the acidosis induction phase), every 2 h during the hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis induction phase (Ti2h and Ti4h), every 2 h during the 12-h enteral hydration phase (Tt2h, Tt4h, Tt6h, Tt8h, Tt10h, and Tt12h), with one sample taken at T24h (24 h after the start of acidosis induction) and another at T36h (36 h after the start of acidosis induction). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance based on a factorial design of repeated measures, with Tukey’s post-hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test for non-parametric tests.ResultsAt the end of the induction phase, the animals developed moderate to severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. The HighAcetate solution effectively corrected electrolyte and acid–base imbalances before the end of the treatment phase (Tt12h), while the LowAcetate solution was not effective in correcting those changes.ConclusionThe HighAcetate (81.4 mmol/L) solution is deemed an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in horses.
Biochemical, urinary, and acid-base profile in cattle treated with maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions containing calcium propionate, propylene glycol or glycerol Pedro Ancelmo Nunes Ermita, Rinaldo Batista Viana, Marcel Ferreira Bastos Avanza, Raffaela Bertoni Cavalcanti Teixeira, José Ricardo Barboza Silva, et al. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2022 Enteral fluid therapy administered in continuous flow through the naso-ruminal route for long periods with electrolyte solutions is safe and effective in cattle. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative assessment between maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions containing calcium propionate, propylene glycol or glycerol administered in continuous flow in cattle. Six heifers were used and the study was carried out in a 6 × 3 crossover design, in which each animal received three different treatments: enteral electrolyte solution containing calcium propionate (ESCaP), enteral electrolyte solution containing glycerol (ESGly) and enteral electrolyte solution containing propylene glycol (ESPrG). Solutions were administered at a rate of 15 mL kg−1 h−1 for 12 h. Serum and urinary biochemical assessment; urinary volume, pH, and specific gravity; and blood gas analysis were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. All three enteral electrolyte solutions expanded blood volume and increased urine volume without causing electrolyte imbalances. ESCaP caused mild reversible metabolic alkalosis while the most significant glycemic potential was observed in electrolyte solutions containing propylene glycol (ESPrG) and calcium propionate (ESCaP).
Maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions for neonatal calves: Sodium acetate and osmolarity effects A.P. Lima, J.D. Ribeiro Filho, P.A.N. Ermita, L.C.F. Baptista Filho, M.F.B. Avanza, et al. Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2020 The use of hypotonic electrolytic solutions in enteral fluid therapy is still understudied in calves. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions with different concentrations of sodium acetate and different osmolarities in calves. For this, 18 Holstein calves, six male and 12 female, 20 days old and weighing around 52kg, were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and each group received one of the treatments. The three electrolytic solutions contained the same components in different concentrations, resulting in a hyposmotic, an isosmotic and a hyperosmotic solution. Each animal was maintained in enteral fluid therapy for 12 hours with infusion rate of 15mL kg-1 h-1. Abdominal circumference, body weight, feces consistency, glucose and plasma lactate, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 and BE were measured at the following times: T0h, T6h, T12h and T24h. The hyposmotic solution did not generate the onset of diarrhea, while the isosmotic and the hyperosmotic did. Regardless of the dose used, acetate did not cause metabolic alkalosis in the evaluated animals. The results suggest that the use of hyposmotic solution in diarrheic calves, dehydrated and without metabolic acidosis, may be clinically important.
Hematological and biochemical profiles of Mangalarga Marchador mares in the transition period bred on pasture M.O. Silva, J.D. Ribeiro Filho, W.M.F. Dantas, F.L. Valente, B.M. Ribeiro, et al. Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 2019 The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the transition period on hematological and biochemical constituents in Mangalarga Marchador mares. Forty-eight mares were used to form a maintenance group (MG) and transition group (TG), formed by pregnant mares and, after delivery, infants. Blood samples were collected at the following times: T-60 (60 d pre-delivery), T-30 (30 d pre-delivery), T-15 (15 d pre-delivery), T0 (first 6h post-delivery), T15 (15 d post-delivery), T30 (30 d post-delivery), and T60 (60 d post-delivery). The TG had lower values (P< 0.05) of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin at T0, T15, T30 and T60 times than MG. The mean corpuscular volume was lower in MG (P< 0.05) than in TG (T0, T15, T30 and T60) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was higher (P< 0.05) in MG than in TG (T15, T30 and T60). On the other hand, the diameter distribution of red blood cells presented a lower value (P< 0.05) in MG than in TG (T15 and T30). Mares in transition period presented regenerative anemia. The results demonstrate physiological metabolic variations of different intensities during pregnancy, delivery and early lactation.
Enteral fluid therapy in horses - electrolyte solution associated or not with glucose, maltodextrine and magnesium sulphate: Laboratory results Ciencia Rural, 2009
