Currently, Assoc Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Devarajan is researcher and consultant at Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology in Universiti Malaysia Pahang. He graduated from Universiti Sains Malaysia with a PHD in 2015 and University Teknologi Malaysia with Master of Engineering in 2006. After his first degree in UTM 2002, he worked at Kolej WIT (M) Sdn. Bhd. for about 2 year with last position as Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering. He continued his studies to master’s and later joined Scott and English as Production Engineer in 2005. As a franchise holder representative for TATAMOTORS LTE, he managed production of commercial vehicles in Scott and English (DRB-HICOM). He has shown vast interest in Thermofluid, Vehicle Technology, Nanotechnology, Engine Testing and Alternative Fuel research area. At present, involve in an internal and international research grants with research actively involved in CNG fuel, finite element, computational fluid mechanics and advanced material
Characterization and machine learning analysis of hybrid alumina-copper oxide nanoparticles in therminol 55 for medium temperature heat transfer fluid G. Kadirgama, D. Ramasamy, K. Kadirgama, L. Samylingam, Navid Aslfattahi, et al. Scientific Reports, 2025 Efficient heat dissipation is crucial for various industrial and technological applications, ensuring system reliability and performance. Advanced thermal management systems rely on materials with superior thermal conductivity and stability for effective heat transfer. This study investigates the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and stability of hybrid Al2O3-CuO nanoparticles dispersed in Therminol 55, a medium-temperature heat transfer fluid. The nanofluid formulations were prepared with CuO-Al2O3 mass ratios of 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70 and tested at nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.1 wt% to 1.0 wt%. Experimental results indicate that the hybrid nanofluids exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity, with a maximum improvement of 32.82% at 1.0 wt% concentration, compared to the base fluid. However, viscosity increases with nanoparticle loading, requiring careful optimization for practical applications. To further analyze and predict thermal conductivity, a Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network (T2FNN) was employed, demonstrating a correlation coefficient of 96.892%, ensuring high predictive accuracy. The integration of machine learning enables efficient modeling of complex thermal behavior, reducing experimental costs and facilitating optimization. These findings provide insights into the potential application of hybrid nanofluids in solar thermal systems, heat exchangers, and industrial cooling applications.
PREDICTIVE MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF INNOVATIVE LASER CIRCULAR GROOVING FOR TITANIUM GRADE 2 USING RSM CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2025
Artificial neural network for performance modelling of shape memory alloy Sivaraos, Rakesh Kumar Phanden, K. Y. Sara Lee, E. J. Abdullah, K. Kumaran, et al. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing, 2025 In recent years, significant strides in technological advancement have revolutionized our lifestyles, driving a surge in demand for multifunctional and intelligent materials. Among these materials, Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) stands out for its unique ability to memorize and revert to its original shape through phase transformation. Despite its remarkable properties, SMAs exhibit a minor limitation in accurately retaining their original shape or length. Furthermore, there is a notable dearth of information regarding the modelling of SMA behaviour with high precision. This study endeavors to address these challenges by integrating experimental data with neural network modelling to comprehensively examine SMA behaviour for mechanical applications. Leveraging an experimental dataset, this research employs feedforward backpropagation neural network (BPNN) modelling to forecast the strain recovery of SMA Nitinol alloy. The model aims to predict the recovery strain of SMA by utilizing three input parameters: temperature conditional, number of coils, and initial length. Remarkably, the achieved error rates of 0.29%, 0.80%, and 9.20% for various strain measurements significantly undercut the commonly accepted error threshold of 10% for nonlinear data predictions in SMA behaviour. The final results underscore the high prediction accuracy of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), offering promising prospects for SMA applications involving temperature-strain interactions and enhancing engineering design.
Multiplane vs. Single-Plane FDM Printing: A Study on Mechanical and Physical Properties of the PET-G Jayabharty Mogan, Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun, Mahendran Samykano, Kumaran Kadirgama, Mohd Rizal Alkahari, et al. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics, 2025 The dynamic landscape of additive manufacturing is rapidly evolving, with the fusion of fused deposition modelling (FDM) and multiplane printing emerging as a transformative technique for creating intricate 3D PET-G components. Utilizing a cutting-edge gantry-style FDM apparatus, this comprehensive research endeavour centred on the fabrication and subsequent meticulous evaluation of multiplane samples. These were contrasted against their single-plane counterparts, focusing on pivotal metrics such as tensile strength, flexural resilience, and inherent material density. The findings were enlightening: Multiplane samples exhibited marked superiority in tensile attributes, whereas the single-plane samples displayed pronounced advantages in flexural strength and overall density. Such distinct variations offer profound insights into the overarching influence of multiplane printing techniques within FDM processes. This investigative foray not only underscores the vast potentialities of multiplane printing but also signals its instrumental role in heralding future innovations within the expansive and multifaceted domain of additive manufacturing.
ADVANCEMENTS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: INNOVATIONS IN DIRECT INK WRITING MATERIALS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIVE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2024
A Study on Adjustable Height Stand for Temperature Scanner Mohammad Shahrul Nizam Amin Nuddin, Norazlianie Sazali, Ahmad Shahir Jamaludin, Kumaran Kadirgama, Devarajan Ramasamy, et al. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2023
Sustainable Aviation—Hydrogen Is the Future Talal Yusaf, Louis Fernandes, Abd Rahim Abu Talib, Yazan S. M. Altarazi, Waleed Alrefae, et al. Sustainability Switzerland, 2022
Effect of impregnate nanocellulose with ethylene glycol for car radiator application Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2019
Evaluation of specific heat capacity and density for Cellulose Nanocrystal-based nanofluid Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2018
State of art of cooling method for dry machining Kaaliarasan Ramachandran, Balakumaran Yeesvaran, Kumaran Kadirgama, Devarajan Ramasamy, Saiful Anwar Che Ghani, et al. Matec Web of Conferences, 2016
Optimization of abrasive machining of ductile cast iron using TiO2 nanoparticles: A multilayer perceptron approach Arpn Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2016
Temperature analysis when using ethylene-glycol-based TiO2 as a new coolant for milling Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, M. Yogeswaran, K. Kadirgama, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, et al. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Analysis of compressed natural gas burn rate and flame propagation on a sub-compact vehicle engine Faculty if Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, Devarajan Ramasamy, K. Kadirgama, Faculty if Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, M.M. Rahman, et al. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Multi-objective optimization of minimum quantity lubrication in end milling of aluminum alloy AA6061T6 International Affairs and training Division Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Karachi, Pakistan, M.S. Najiha, M.M. Rahman, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, et al. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
Effect of ZnO nano materials on grinding surface finishing Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, M. Yogeswaran, K. Kadirgama, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia, M.M. Rahman, et al. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2015
A review of Micro-EDM Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Imecs 2010, 2010
Design of valve less micropump using preliminary characteristics from fluid flow Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Imecs 2010, 2010
Design optimization of Air Intake System (AIS) of 1.6L engine by adding guide vane Proceedings of the International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Imecs 2010, 2010
Comparative evaluation of a two stroke compressed natural gas mixer design using simulation and experimental techniques. Proceedings of the 4th IASTED Asian Conference on Power and Energy Systems Asiapes 2008, 2008
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Optimised decision-making model for vehicle health monitoring system leveraging deep learning algorithm MN Hossain, MM Rahman, EH Tusher, D Ramasamy, MA Rahim Advanced Engineering Informatics 69, 103896 , 2026 2026
Smart Thermal Regulation in EV Batteries Using Real-Time Digital Twin Feedback for Enhanced Performance V Kumar, PK KK, D Ramasamy, MM Noor, WSW Harun, L Samylingam, ... 2025 IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power … , 2025 2025
Digital Twin Framework for Predictive Maintenance of Autonomous Vehicle Suspension System V Kumar, D Ramasamy, MM Noor, WSW Harun, L Samylingam, ... 2025 IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power … , 2025 2025
Design and finite element analysis of a composite modular airless tyre S Subramonian, K Kadirgama, Z Khalim, S Salleh, U Vates, S Pujari, ... AIMS Materials Science 12 (6), 1246-1264 , 2025 2025
PREDICTIVE MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION OF INNOVATIVE LASER CIRCULAR GROOVING FOR TITANIUM GRADE 2 USING RSM CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN AK ZUHAIR, MS SALLEH, UK VATES, D RAMASAMY, S PUJARI, ... Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 20 (5), 1525-1542 , 2025 2025
Artificial neural network for performance modelling of shape memory alloy Sivaraos, RK Phanden, KYS Lee, EJ Abdullah, K Kumaran, ... International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 19 (9 … , 2025 2025 Citations: 7
Attentive neural networks and meta-learning integration for revolutionary vehicular engine health monitoring MA Rahim, MM Rahman, MS Islam, CI Joseph, MA Rahman, ... Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 238, 113141 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Decarbonizing the future for the transportation and aviation industries: Green hydrogen as the sustainable fuel solution YC Tak, JKS Paw, K Kadirgama, T Yusaf, D Ramasamy, K Sudhakar, ... Materials Today Sustainability 31, 101152 , 2025 2025 Citations: 16
Advances in intelligent vehicular health monitoring and fault diagnosis: techniques, technologies, and future directions MN Hossain, MM Rahman, D Ramasamy Measurement 253, 117618 , 2025 2025 Citations: 16
Electrochemical-thermal modeling of phase change material battery thermal management systems: investigating mesh types for accurate simulations E Yousefi, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, V Talele, H Najafi, M Olyaei, ... International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 247, 127107 , 2025 2025 Citations: 38
Enhancing engine oil performance with graphene-cellulose nanoparticles: insights into thermophysical properties and tribological behavior JG Alotaibi, A Eid Alajmi, K Kadirgama, L Samylingam, N Aslfattahi, ... Frontiers in Materials 12, 1549117 , 2025 2025 Citations: 9
Characterization and machine learning analysis of hybrid alumina-copper oxide nanoparticles in therminol 55 for medium temperature heat transfer fluid G Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, L Samylingam, N Aslfattahi, ... Scientific Reports 15 (1), 8383 , 2025 2025 Citations: 11
Liquid immersion cooling with enhanced Al 2 O 3 nanofluid for large-format prismatic battery pack: numerical and statistical investigation E Yousefi, V Talele, U Morali, D Mishra, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, ... Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 150 (5), 3489-3507 , 2025 2025 Citations: 29
Performance evaluation of various training functions using ANN to predict the thermal conductivity of EG/water-based GNP/CNC hybrid nanofluid for heat transfer application MM Hasan, MM Rahman, S Abu Bakar, MN Kabir, D Ramasamy, ... Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 150 (3), 1907-1932 , 2025 2025 Citations: 12
Thermal uniformity analysis of a hybrid battery pack using integrated phase change material, metal foam, and counterflow minichannels HN Khaboshan, K Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, V Talele, P Zhao, H Tyagi, ... Applied Thermal Engineering 259, 124910 , 2025 2025 Citations: 41
Progress, risks and impacts of the evolution of autonomous vehicles MDN HOSSAIN, MDM RAHMAN, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, MM Noor J. Adv. Res. Appl. Sci Eng. Technol. 63, 97-118 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Study of Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Advanced Polymer R Kumaresan, D Ramasamy, WSW Harun, S Sivaraos, S Semin, K Kanny, ... The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal 1 (2), 93-111 , 2025 2025
Artificial neural network for performance modelling of shape memory alloy R Devarajan 2025
Correction: Hisham et al. Hybrid Nanocellulose-Copper (II) Oxide as Engine Oil Additives for Tribological Behavior Improvement. Molecules 2020, 25, 2975 H Sakinah, K Kumaran, HA Mohammed, A Kumar, R Devarajan, ... Molecules 30 (17), 3527 , 2025 2025
Prediction of battery thermal management system performance by AI method D Ramasamy, S Subramaniam, MDZ Bin Ezani The Nexus of Sustainability and Energy Technology Journal 1 (1), 7-17 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Sustainable hydrogen energy in aviation–A narrative review T Yusaf, ASF Mahamude, K Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, K Farhana, ... International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 52, 1026-1045 , 2024 2024 Citations: 355
Evolution of IoT-enabled connectivity and applications in automotive industry: A review MA Rahim, MA Rahman, MM Rahman, AT Asyhari, MZA Bhuiyan, ... Vehicular communications 27, 100285 , 2021 2021 Citations: 278
Ultrasonication an intensifying tool for preparation of stable nanofluids and study the time influence on distinct properties of graphene nanofluids–A systematic overview M Sandhya, D Ramasamy, K Sudhakar, K Kadirgama, WSW Harun Ultrasonics sonochemistry 73, 105479 , 2021 2021 Citations: 247
Sustainable aviation—Hydrogen is the future T Yusaf, L Fernandes, AR Abu Talib, YSM Altarazi, W Alrefae, ... Sustainability 14 (1), 548 , 2022 2022 Citations: 193
A comprehensive review on fused deposition modelling of polylactic acid L Sandanamsamy, WSW Harun, I Ishak, FRM Romlay, K Kadirgama, ... Progress in additive manufacturing 8 (5), 775-799 , 2023 2023 Citations: 186
Improvement in the performance of solar collectors with nanofluids—A state-of-the-art review K Farhana, K Kadirgama, MM Rahman, D Ramasamy, MM Noor, G Najafi, ... Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 18, 100276 , 2019 2019 Citations: 176
Hydrogen energy demand growth prediction and assessment (2021–2050) using a system thinking and system dynamics approach T Yusaf, M Laimon, W Alrefae, K Kadirgama, HA Dhahad, D Ramasamy, ... Applied Sciences 12 (2), 781 , 2022 2022 Citations: 172
Experimental analysis on the performance, combustion/emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine using hydrogen in dual fuel mode RA Bakar, K Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, T Yusaf, MK Kamarulzaman, ... International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 52, 843-860 , 2024 2024 Citations: 168
Study on friction and wear of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) nanoparticle as lubricating additive in engine oil NW Awang, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, G Najafi, NAC Sidik International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 131, 1196-1204 , 2019 2019 Citations: 126
Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles as additve in engine oil to increase the durability of piston-liner contact M Asnida, S Hisham, NW Awang, AK Amirruddin, MM Noor, K Kadirgama, ... Fuel 212, 656-667 , 2018 2018 Citations: 111
A review of micro-EDM S Mahendran, R Devarajan, T Nagarajan, A Majdi Proceedings of the international multi conference of engineers and computer … , 2010 2010 Citations: 109
A comprehensive review on graphene nanoparticles: Preparation, properties, and applications T Yusaf, ASF Mahamude, K Farhana, WSW Harun, K Kadirgama, ... Sustainability 14 (19), 12336 , 2022 2022 Citations: 103
A systematic review on graphene-based nanofluids application in renewable energy systems: Preparation, characterization, and thermophysical properties M Sandhya, D Ramasamy, K Sudhakar, K Kadirgama, M Samykano, ... Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 44, 101058 , 2021 2021 Citations: 85
An experimental study on characterization and properties of nano lubricant containing Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) NW Awang, D Ramasamy, K Kadirgama, M Samykano, G Najafi, ... International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 130, 1163-1169 , 2019 2019 Citations: 82
Statistical and optimize of lattice structures with selective laser melting (SLM) of Ti6AL4V material K Kadirgama, WSW Harun, F Tarlochan, M Samykano, D Ramasamy, ... The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 97 (1), 495-510 , 2018 2018 Citations: 82
Artificial intelligence-driven vehicle fault diagnosis to revolutionize automotive maintenance: A review M Hossain, M Rahman, D Ramasamy Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 141 (2), 951 , 2024 2024 Citations: 80
Analysis of efficiency enhancement of flat plate solar collector using crystal nano-cellulose (CNC) nanofluids K Farhana, K Kadirgama, HA Mohammed, D Ramasamy, M Samykano, ... Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 45, 101049 , 2021 2021 Citations: 80
An overview on synthesis, stability, opportunities and challenges of nanofluids WT Urmi, MM Rahman, K Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, MA Maleque Materials Today: Proceedings 41, 30-37 , 2021 2021 Citations: 77
Significance of alumina in nanofluid technology: an overview K Farhana, K Kadirgama, MM Rahman, MM Noor, D Ramasamy, ... Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 138 (2), 1107-1126 , 2019 2019 Citations: 72
Fused deposition modelling of polymer composite: a progress J Mogan, WSW Harun, K Kadirgama, D Ramasamy, FM Foudzi, ... Polymers 15 (1), 28 , 2022 2022 Citations: 67