Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infectious Diseases, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Health Informatics
43
Scopus Publications
Scopus Publications
Burden of Depression and its Determinants among Tribal School-Going Adolescents in Kalvarayan Hills, Tamil Nadu-A Cross-Sectional Study Devadharshini S, Kalaivanan R, Glannie AR, Anantharaman VV, Logaraj M National Journal of Community Medicine, 2026 Background: Tribal adolescents in India represent a vulnerable and under-researched population with respect to mental health. This study assessed the burden of depression and its associated factors among school-going tribal adolescents in the Kalvarayan Hills, Tamil Nadu. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adolescents aged 10-19 years using multistage random sampling. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and lifestyle variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. Associations were evaluated using chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Results: The prevalence of depression was 25.5%. Significant independent predictors included inadequate sleep, thinness, lack of parental monitoring, absence of family emotional support, peer pressure, and excessive sedentary behaviour. Sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status were not significant after adjustment. The model demonstrated good fit and acceptable explanatory power. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of tribal adolescents experience depressive symptoms, largely influenced by modifiable psychosocial and lifestyle factors. Strengthening family support systems, promoting healthy behaviours, and integrating mental health screening within school health programs are essential for early identification and intervention in this population.
Oral Cancer Screening and Demographic Risk Assessment: A Community-Based Cross-sectional Study in Rural India Koteswararao Mallaparapu, P. Ratna Bhaskar, M. Menaka, P. A. Sridhar, Aamina Hussain, M. Logaraj, Gnana Sarita Kumari Panga, K. A. Sunitha Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 2026 A bstract Objectives: Oral cancer is a leading cause of mortality in India, yet rural populations face severe barriers to its early detection. This study evaluates the efficacy of a novel, portable optical screening device (OncoDiagnoScope) and assesses demographic risk factors in a resource-limited setting. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study ( N = 1358; mean age 51.8 ± 13.7 years) was conducted in rural Tamil Nadu. Participants underwent a multitiered screening protocol: initial assessment via OncoDiagnoScope, secondary clinical evaluation by specialists, and histopathological confirmation for suspicious lesions. Risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The OncoDiagnoScope identified 321 suspects (23.6%), of which 101 (7.4%) were clinically confirmed as having oral lesions and nine cases (0.66%) were histopathologically confirmed as malignancies. The device demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 82.14%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% compared to expert clinical examination. While univariate analysis showed significant associations between lesions and age ( P = 0.040), tobacco chewing ( P = 0.009), and betel leaf use ( P = 0.002), these variables were not independent predictors in the multivariate adjusted model (Pseudo-R 2 = 0.027). Conclusion: The OncoDiagnoScope is a highly sensitive, non-invasive tool for community-level oral cancer triaging. Despite a low positive predictive value (31.46%), its ability to accurately rule out disease (NPV 100%) makes it an ideal aid for rural outreach. Integrating portable diagnostic technologies into existing health-wellness programs can significantly bridge the gap in early cancer detection for marginalized populations.
Assessment of the Double Burden of Malnutrition Among School-Going Adolescent Orphans and Non-Orphans in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu - A Cross-Sectional Study Dr. Sathyapriya T, Glannie A.R., Dr. Kaarunya A, Dr Logaraj M, VV Anantharaman International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2026 Background The epidemiological transition in low- and middle-income countries has resulted in the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition, referred to as the double burden of malnutrition. Adolescence represents a critical period of growth and development during which nutritional imbalances can have long-term health consequences. Orphaned adolescents may be particularly vulnerable due to social, economic, and caregiving disadvantages. However, evidence comparing the nutritional status of orphaned and non-orphaned adolescents remains limited. Objectives To assess and compare the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition among school-going adolescent orphans and non-orphans in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, and to identify selected biosocial and behavioral correlates associated with malnutrition. Methods A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 240 school-going adolescents aged 10–19 years, comprising 120 orphans and 120 non-orphans, selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire capturing socio-demographic, dietary, and lifestyle characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized techniques, and nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-age Z-scores based on WHO 2007 growth reference standards. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize variables, and associations were assessed using chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results Overall, 50.0% of adolescents were affected by some form of malnutrition. Undernutrition was significantly higher among orphans (43.3%) compared to non-orphans (22.5%) (p = 0.001). Severe thinness was observed in 15.0% of orphans and 6.7% of non-orphans. Overnutrition affected 16.7% of orphans and 17.5% of non-orphans, indicating a comparable burden across groups (p = 0.021). Normal nutritional status was more prevalent among non-orphans (60.0%) than orphans (40.0%). Multinomial logistic regression identified religion as the only factor significantly associated with undernutrition, while other socio-demographic and behavioral variables were not significantly associated. Mean anthropometric measurements were lower among orphans, although differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion The study demonstrates a pronounced double burden of malnutrition among school-going adolescents, with significantly higher undernutrition among orphans and comparable overnutrition across both groups, highlighting the need for integrated adolescent nutrition strategies.
Depression and Out-of-pocket Expenditure on Health Care Service Among Elderly with Chronic Diseases in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu K Bincy, Roshni Mary Peter, MVM Pradeep, Kaveri Palanisamy, M Logaraj Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 2025 Late-life depression is an important public health problem. The geriatric care is a nascent dimension with many unexploited areas like familial support, healthcare seeking, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on health. The study assessed the prevalence of depression and OOPE on health care services among the elderly with chronic disease conditions and its association between them. A cross-sectional study was done using a multistage random sampling technique; the sample size was calculated based on the prevalence of depression of 34.4% and a precision of 5% as 304. 63% were found to be depressed. Most of the elderly are having poor health (41.7%). The OOPE per visit in private hospitals (42.4%) is more among the elderly than those who visit government hospitals (57.6%). OOPE is directly related to mild to moderate depression among the elderly, and it shows significance (P > 0.001). Despite diagnosing for chronic conditions, depression screening has to be mandatory. It is important to impart health education to the family members about familial tender-loving care to the diseased elderly. Policymakers have to reckon with reducing OOPE on the health of the elderly by increasing good quality of geriatric care at both primary and secondary levels of health care.
Social network and life satisfaction among elderly in the field practice area of tertiary care hospital Tamil Nadu B R Asnitha, K Bincy, M Logaraj Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2025 Background: The aging population in India is steadily increasing, with projections estimating a rise of approximately 56 million elderly individuals by 2031.[1] The concept of life satisfaction is crucial in understanding the well-being of older adults, with various factors such as income level, health status, and social connections playing pivotal roles. Positive social relationships and support have been shown to promote life satisfaction and mitigate the risk of depression among the elderly. This study explores the relationship between social networks and life satisfaction among the geriatric population in Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 403 elderly individuals aged 60 years and above was conducted in the field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Tamil Nadu. Participants were selected using a multistage simple random sampling method, and data were collected through interviews and surveys. The study used the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) to assess social networks and life satisfaction, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests employed for analysis. Results: Among the total participants, 67% were found to have a decent social network, while the remaining 33% had poor social networks. Decent Family, friend, and neighbor networks were observed in this demographic. Individuals with strong social networks reported higher levels of satisfaction. Conclusion: Social networking positively influences life satisfaction. Strengthening social networks and support systems can significantly contribute to promoting the well-being and quality of life of the geriatric population.
Study on Drug Usage, Storage and Wastage Among Households in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India-A Cross-Sectional Study Nancy L, Palanivel Sundaram M, Logaraj M, Anantharaman VV, Kalaivanan R National Journal of Community Medicine, 2025 Background: Improper drug storage is immensely prevalent in households. A significant number of families do not follow prescribed practices for maintaining the safety and efficacy of medications. Increased rates of unintentional poisoning, decreased drug efficacy, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance are just a few adverse consequences that might result from such negligence. Methodology: A total of 213 households were selected using multi-stage random sampling techniques. A pretested structured questionnaire on drug storage, usage, wastage in the households was used and detailed interview was conducted with the participants. Results: Majority of the participants 56.3% (120) belonged to the age group of 30- 40 years, most of the participants are graduates 39.4% (83). The prevalence of self-medication was 30.5%. Safe storage conditions with appropriate packing were used by 81.5% (167) of people. About 69.9% (149) has good knowledge on correct dosage of medications.91.2% (187) of households discard unused medications in the garbage. Commonly stored medicine was analgesics and antipyretics 21.6% (86). In this study Increasing age, Education and Family with senior citizens above 60 years have a strong association with storage condition of medicines at home. Conclusions: This study shows 96.3% prevalence of in-home storage medication practices. Ensuring the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of medications requires proper management from storage to use and waste prevention.
Predictors of Dependency in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Among Community Dwelling Elderly in A Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India-A Cross-Sectional Study Lavanya M, Pradeep MVM, Aamina Hussain, Anantharaman VV, Logaraj M National Journal of Community Medicine, 2025 Background: Longer lifespans of elderly are associated with chronic illnesses that impair functioning, making it harder to carry out daily activities and making assistance necessary. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of dependence in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) among elderly and to determine its sociodemographic and health related predictors. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted among elderly in Chengalpattu district from December 2023 to May 2024. Sample size was determined by multistage random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic details and Lawton scale to assess dependence were used to collect data. Data was entered in Ms Excel and analysed using SPSS version 26. Results: Mean age of participants was 67.4 ± 7.4 years. 131 (43.7%) of them were at risk of malnutrition and 83 (27.7%) were malnourished. Majority (n=178,59.3%) experienced increased IADL dependency. Binary logistic regression analysis showed increasing age, lower socioeconomic status, Divorced/Widowed/Unmarried, smoking and tobacco use, hospitalizations within previous year were significant predictors of IADL dependency. Conclusions: The study concluded that a considerable proportion of our study population was suffering from IADL dependency (59.3%), with majority demonstrating mild to moderate degree of dependency. To prevent disease in its early stages, arrangements can be made for community-based extensive geriatric health assessments.
Prevalence of Depression Among Elderly Population in India-A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis Bincy K, Pradeep MVM, Padmavathy L, Ezhilmuthalvan A, Prashanth S, Logaraj M, Nalini V, Mahesh Kumar National Journal of Community Medicine, 2024 Background: Depression among the elderly is a global public health concern, impacting quality of life and overall well-being. However, there is a lack of recent systematic reviews or meta-analyses on its prevalence in India. This study aims to update this information through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The study utilized the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as a screening tool for depression among individuals aged 60 and older in India, utilizing electronic databases for community-based cross-sectional studies from inception to date. Pooled prevalence with 95% CI was performed using R statistical software. Results: 23 community-based cross-sectional studies were included representing 13 Indian states, meeting the inclusion criteria. The combined prevalence of depression among the elderly was estimated to be 47% (95% CI: 0.39; 0.55), with significant heterogeneity observed among studies (I²=98%, p<0.01). The study underscores the considerable depression issue among India's elderly population, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored mental health interventions. Conclusion: The meta-analysis reveals a high prevalence of depression among India's senior population, highlighting the need for targeted public health initiatives to address this growing crisis and support the mental health needs of the elderly.
Needle Sticks Injuries in Lab Technicians: A Multi Centric Study Ashmitha Rajan R, Pradeep MVM, Kaveri Palanisamy, Bincy K, Logaraj M, Anantharaman VV International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope, 2024 Needle stick injuries are hazardous to employees' health because they can expose them to blood-borne illnesses such as Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of injuries is crucial in order to put into practice effective preventative measures and safeguard the safety and well-being of healthcare personnel. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a lab technicians working in a National Accredited Board for Hospital (NABH) Hospital, in Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu, India during the period of July 2023 to September 2023. Data was collected by using a predesigned pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Among 150 respondents 90% were males and 10% were females, Study found that about 20% of the participants had needle stick injury, with significant risk factors for needle stick injuries including <10 years of experience (p<0.03), infrequent needle recapping p<0.01, irregular glove usage (p<0.02), and non-attendance at training programs (p<0.001).Our study highlights the importance of implementing comprehensive safety measures in hospitals. Initiatives such as health education and training programs, regular evaluation of safety protocols, and safety work place to report incidents and advocate for their own safety are essential.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in India: a case control study Leyanna Susan George, Chitra Tomy, Charutha Retnakumar, Uday Narlawar, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Jayasree Krishnan, R. L. Lakshman Rao, Prakash Patel, Anil S. Bilimale, Poornima Baby, Minu Maria Mathew, Alessandro Cassini, Alice Simniceanu, Mo Yin, Benedetta Allegranzi, Mohammed Ahmad, Anisur Rahman, Syed Ahmed Mohiuddin, Sushama Thakre, Suman Suman Bhansali, Rajaat Vohra, Hari Krishnan, M. Logaraj, Vaishali Maheriya, Vaibhav Gharat, T. S. Dipu, Hilda Solomon, Sarita Sharma, M. Shwethashree, Rahul Hegde, Mohammad Waseem Faraz Ansari, Sanjeev Misra Frontiers in Public Health, 2023
Application of fuzzy logic approach in statistical control charts Global and Stochastic Analysis, 2017
Anaemia and associated factors among school going adolescent girls in chidambaram, tamilnadu - A cross sectional study Journal International Medical Sciences Academy, 2016
