Animal Science and Zoology, Biomaterials, Waste Management and Disposal, Pharmaceutical Science
45
Scopus Publications
993
Scholar Citations
18
Scholar h-index
26
Scholar i10-index
Scopus Publications
Citrus-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) for Potential Biomedical and Nutritional Applications Vijayan Malavika, Muthuswami Ruby Rajan, Raman Krishnamoorthi, Kozhikamabath Chandrasekharan Adithya, Kwang-sun Kim Micro, 2025 Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are photoluminescent nanomaterials (<10 nm) with excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity, making them attractive for biological applications. However, their use in aquaculture nutrition has remained largely unexplored. This study investigated the effects of dietary CQDs on zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model organism with approximately 70% genetic homology with humans. CQDs were synthesized hydrothermally from unripe Citrus limon and characterized by UV–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, UV–vis transillumination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Zebrafish were fed diets containing varying CQD concentrations, and growth performance, condition factor (K), hematological parameters, enzymatic activity, and tissue morphology were assessed. Feeds supplemented with 2 mL CQDs produced significant improvements in growth and biochemical indicators without adverse effects. Hematological and enzymatic profiles remained within normal ranges, and histological examination revealed no morphological abnormalities, indicating the absence of toxicity. These findings suggest that citrus-derived CQDs can enhance zebrafish growth and maintain physiological health, thereby supporting their potential as safe functional feed additives in aquaculture. This approach may open new opportunities for the application of CQDs in sustainable fish farming and the broader food industry.
Phyto-synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Mentha spicata (mint) extract and its larvicidal and antibacterial activities M. Dayana Senthamarai, V. Edwin Hillary, M.R. Rajan, S. Antony Ceasar, S. Ignacimuthu Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology, 2025 Major diseases like Zika, dengue, and chikungunya spread by Aedes aegypti have affected the lives of millions of people worldwide and continue to threaten billions. Controlling Ae. aegypti poses a significant challenge as the species has also evolved resistance to synthetic insecticides. The objective of the present study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) utilizing Mentha spicata (mint) leaf extract and evaluate their efficacy in managing Ae. aegypti third instar larvae and two gram-positive ( Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus ) and two gram-negative food-borne pathogens ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia ). The formation of Ms -SeNPs was confirmed using UV–Vis spectra (absorption peak at 268 nm), FTIR (functional peaks at 3418, 3006, 2915, 1632, 1382, 1200, 1047, 823, and 689 cm −1 ), and FESEM (rod shape). The size of the Ms -SeNPs was also analyzed using DLS (the average particle diameter is 111.1 nm). The Ms -SeNPs were also active on four food-borne pathogens and displayed strong inhibitory zones. The Ae. aegypti 3rd instar larvae that were treated with Ms -SeNPs showed promising larvicidal activities (LC 50 value of 85.54 µg/ml and an LC 90 value of 190.53 µg/ml). Furthermore, we examined the impact of Ms -SeNPs on the expression of functional genes, glutathione S transferase-2 ( GST-2 ) and NO5-cytochrome P450 ( NO5 - CYP450 ), in Ae. aegypti . The overall findings validate the efficacy of Ms -SeNPs in managing both mosquitoes and bacterial pathogens, hence aiding in the development of versatile, environmentally friendly compounds.
Impact of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Thuthi Keerai Abutilon indicum on Dotted molly, Poecilia sphenops Venkidusamy Keerthika, Nagaraj Vaseekaran, Muthuswami Ruby Rajan Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2025 Recently, nanoparticles have been widely used in various sectors, including agriculture, which can lead to environmental toxicity. Copper is a crucial trace element for fish, playing essential roles in various metabolic processes. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Thuthi Keerai (Abutilon indicum) on the haematological and biochemical characteristics of Dotted Molly (Poecilia sphenops). Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using Thuthi Keerai and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Various concentrations of CuO NPs, including 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 ppm, were used at 96 hours for sublethal analysis on Dotted Molly. The concentration at which 50% fish mortality occurred was taken as the median lethal concentration. In UV-Vis spectroscopy, the CuO NPs were measured at a wavelength of 340 nm. SEM image was observed at the wavelength range of 5µm. The EDAX spectrum recorded three peaks located between 1 and 8 keV. In XRD, the different peaks were indexed as 59.94 (110), 31.9 (202), and 24.14 (311). The FTIR spectrum was analyzed in the range between 400 and 4000-1. White blood corpuscles, haemoglobin, and red blood corpuscles were higher (7200 cells/cumm, 1 gm/dl, and 0.4 million/cumm) in fish exposed to 1 ppm of CuO NPs. Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid levels were decreased by 1 ppm. The results confirmed that CuO nanoparticles enhance blood parameters and affect the biochemical parameters of the Dotted Molly.
Differential quantities of carbon quantum dots incorporated feed on the growth and biochemical traits of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2024
Incorporation of Nano Selenium in Fish Diet and Assessment of Growth Performance and Biochemical Criteria of Labeo rohita M. Dayana Senthamara, M. Rekha, M. R. Rajan Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 2024 Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilized in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. This work was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Feed-utilizing parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 mm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se.
Impact of acute and sub-acute exposure of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala Shanmugam Sudhabose, Balakrishnan Sooryakanth, Muthuswami Ruby Rajan Heliyon, 2023 This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of acute and sub-acute exposure of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala . For sub-acute tests 1/100,1/50,1/10 were selected based on the LC 50 at 96 h s. Protein, carbohydrate, and lipid, Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and DPPH, HRSA assays were analyzed in the gill, muscle, and liver of Mrigal. Protein and lipid levels increased on the 7th,14th day compared to control. Carbohydrate levels decreased on the 7th,14th day of exposure, and the enzymatical changes increased on the 7 th ,14th day. Antioxidant levels highly increased in DPPH assay compared to the HRSA assay. This study provides the biochemical, antioxidant, and behavioral changes in relation to the exposure of MgO NPs.
Impact of bulk and nano zinc oxide on histopathology of Labeo rohita International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 2023
Impact of selenium on hematological and histopathological changes in oreochromis mossambicus as an animal model International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020
Effect of treated tannery effluent on biochemical characteristics of certain tree species Pollution Research, 2009
Antimicrobial activity of certain toxic plants Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2009
Physico-chemical characteristics and Water Quality Index of electroplating industry effluent Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 2009
A comparative study on sulphate reduction from Tannery effluent by biosorbent with microbes and isolation and molecular characterization of microbes involved in reduction Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2009
Probiotic effect of intestinal bacteria of Koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2009
Antibacterial activity of intestinal bacteria of gold fish carassius auratus Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2008
Absorption of chloride from electroplating industry effluent using bacteria Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2008
Vermiculture of Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida in different organic wastes Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2007
Survey of vegetation in and around tannery polluted soil and isolation of bio-indicators for phytoremediation Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 2007
Evaluation of Mucuna pruriens on endosulfan induced hepatotoxicity in male rats Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2006
Antimicrobial activity of selected spices Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2006
Ethanol production from fruit peels Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2006
Isolation of bioflocculant producing microbes from tannery polluted soil Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2006
Grading of milk quality in Dindigul town, India with special reference to coliforms Asian Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 2005
A systemic study of water quality index among the physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in and around Thanjavur town Indian Journal of Environmental Protection, 2005
Irrigational utilization of treated tannery effluent and its impact growth and some biochemical characteristics of certain crop plants Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2001
Recycling of tannery effluent for growing selected tree species Ecology Environment and Conservation, 2000
Instantaneous growth rate of sewage grown fishes Journal of Environmental Biology, 1997
The effect of sublethal concentrations of tannery effluent affected water on the survival and feeding energetics of cyprinus carpio var. communis International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1996
Effects of sublethal concentrations of textile industry effluent on the food utilization and growth of the fish Cyprinus carpio Environment Ecology, 1988
RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Citrus-Derived Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, and Safety Evaluation in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) for Potential Biomedical and Nutritional … V Malavika, MR Rajan, R Krishnamoorthi, KC Adithya, K Kim Micro 5 (4), 50 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Impact of biosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using Thuthi Keerai Abutilon indicum on Dotted molly, Poecilia sphenops. V Keerthika, N Vaseekaran, MR Rajan Journal of Applied & Natural Science 17 (3) , 2025 2025
Characterization of a silver nanoparticle derived from the fruit peel of Myristica fragrans on mosquito control VE Hillary, MD Senthamarai, TJ Antony, SA Ceasar, MR Rajan, ... International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 45 (4), 1881-1891 , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Analysing the Effects of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Feed on the Growth and Haematology of Koi Carp C Kaleeswaran, MD Senthamarai, MR Rajan Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 3, 151-165 , 2025 2025
Effect of Nano Selenium-enriched Diet on the Growth Performance and Biochemical Parameters of Labeo rohita MD Senthamarai, M Rekha, MR Rajan Research Perspective on Biological Science, 109 , 2025 2025
Sustainable Conversion of Chitosan Waste into Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots: Green Synthesis Pathways and Biomedical Potential B Sooryakanth, MR Rajan, S Sudhabose, S Arulalan, S Venkatesan Exon 2 (3), 173-199 , 2025 2025 Citations: 2
Synthesis, Characterization and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Gram–Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria V Keerthika, A Ananth, MR Rajan Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3, 74-86 , 2025 2025
Phyto-synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using Mentha spicata (mint) extract and its larvicidal and antibacterial activities MD Senthamarai, VE Hillary, MR Rajan, SA Ceasar, S Ignacimuthu Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 28 (1), 102370 , 2025 2025 Citations: 5
Comparative Evaluation of Chemically and Green-synthesized Carbon Quantum Dots for Aquatic Applications V Malavika, MR Rajan, N Soundhariya, J Prethika, V Chandrakala J. Environ. Nanotechnol 14 (3), 505-515 , 2025 2025
Differential quantities of carbon quantum dots incorporated feed on the growth and biochemical traits of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) V Malavika, R Anumol, MR Rajan International Journal of Agricultural Technology 20 (6), 2393-2404 , 2024 2024 Citations: 3
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its biological applications: A systematic review MD Senthamarai, VE Hillary, MR Rajan, SA Ceasar Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 39, 101261 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
Acute Toxicity, Hematological Profile, and Histopathological Effects of MgO Nanoparticles on Gills, Muscle, Liver of Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala S Sudhabose, B Sooryakanth, MR Rajan Biological Trace Element Research 202 (2), 736-742 , 2024 2024 Citations: 14
Evaluation of disparate multiplicities of copper oxide nanoparticles integrated feed on the growth and hematology of koi carp C Kaleeswaran, MD Senthamarai, MR Rajan J. Toxicol. Stud 2, 497 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Incorporation of nano Selenium in fish diet and assessment of growth performance and biochemical criteria of Labeo rohita MD Senthamara, M Rekha, MR Rajan Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13 (1), 01-9 , 2024 2024 Citations: 4
Comparative study of green and chemical synthesized selenium nanoparticles and its antibacterial assay against fish pathogens MD Senthamarai, MR Rajan Journal of Nanoscience and Technology, 981-985 , 2023 2023 Citations: 7
Different quantities of manganese oxide nanoparticles incorporated feed on the growth and haematological traits of common carp Cyprinus carpio var. communis. N Soundhariya, S Arunkumar, MR Rajan Journal of Applied & Natural Science 15 (4) , 2023 2023 Citations: 4
Current risks of microbial infections in fish and their prevention methods: A review MD Senthamarai, MR Rajan, PV Bharathi Microbial pathogenesis 185, 106400 , 2023 2023 Citations: 73
Impact of bulk and nano zinc oxide on histopathology of Labeo rohita . V Keerthika, MR Rajan 2023
8 Immobilized Micro D Suganya, MR Rajan, M Mahendhiran, S Durairaj Phycoremediation Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 147 , 2023 2023
Immobilized Micro Algae for Removing Wastewater Pollutants and Ecotoxicological View of Adsorbed Nanoparticles–An Overview D Suganya, MR Rajan, M Mahendhiran, S Durairaj Phycoremediation Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 147-158 , 2023 2023
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Current risks of microbial infections in fish and their prevention methods: A review MD Senthamarai, MR Rajan, PV Bharathi Microbial pathogenesis 185, 106400 , 2023 2023 Citations: 73
Impact of selenium nanoparticles on growth, biochemical characteristics and yield of cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonoloba P Ragavan, A Ananth, MR Rajan International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2 (6 … , 2017 2017 Citations: 70
Synthesis and characterization of nano-selenium and its antibacterial response on some important human pathogens A Ananth, V Keerthika, MR Rajan Current Science 116 (2), 285-290 , 2019 2019 Citations: 61
Impact of dyeing industry effluent on groundwater quality by water quality index and correlation analysis S David Noel, MR Rajan J Pollut Eff Cont 2 (126), 2 , 2014 2014 Citations: 51
Cyanobacteria as a potential source of phycoremediation from textile industry effluent SD Noel, MR Rajan, P Sivakumar Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 4 (6), 35-33 , 2014 2014 Citations: 48
Influence of vermiwash on germination and growth of cow pea Vigna ungiculata and rice Oryza sativa MR Rajan, P Murugesan IOSR Journal of pharmacy 2 (6), 31-34 , 2012 2012 Citations: 47
Phytotoxic effect of dyeing industry effluent on seed germination and early growth of lady’s finger S David Noel, MR Rajan J. Pollut. Eff. Contr 2 (126), 10.4172 , 2015 2015 Citations: 41
Microbiology of fish grown in a sewage-fed pond S Balasubramanian, MR Rajan, SP Raj Bioresource Technology 40 (1), 63-66 , 1992 1992 Citations: 32
Evaluation of drinking water quality in Dindigul city, Tamil Nadu MR Rajan, I Paneerselvam Indian J. Environ. and Ecoplan 10 (3), 771-776 , 2005 2005 Citations: 31
Evaluation of organic pollution by Palmer’s algal genus index and physico-chemical analysis of Vaigai river at Madurai, India SD Noel, MR Rajan Natural Resources and Conservation 3 (1), 7-10 , 2015 2015 Citations: 28
Accumulation of heavy metals in sewage-grown fishes MR Rajan, S Balasubramanian, SP Raj Bioresource technology 52 (1), 41-43 , 1995 1995 Citations: 27
Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles and its biological applications: A systematic review MD Senthamarai, VE Hillary, MR Rajan, SA Ceasar Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 39, 101261 , 2024 2024 Citations: 25
Toxicity assessment of iron oxide nanoparticles in Labeo rohita V Keerthika, R Ramesh, MR Rajan International journal of fisheries and aquatic studies 5 (4), 01-06 , 2017 2017 Citations: 24
Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles from leaf extract of Passiflora foetida and its antibacterial activity D Suganya, MR Rajan, R Ramesh Int J Curr Res 8 (11), 42081-42085 , 2016 2016 Citations: 24
Adverse Effects of Genotoxicity, Bioaccumulation and Ionoregulatory Modulation of Two Differently Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) D Suganya, CM Ramakritinan, MR Rajan Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 28 (6), 2603-2611 , 2018 2018 Citations: 22
Irrigational utilization of treated tannery effluent and its impact on growth and some biochemical characteristics of certain crop plants V Mariappan, T Balamurugan, MR Rajan Ecology Environment and Conservation 7, 205-210 , 2001 2001 Citations: 22
A systemic study of water quality index among the physico-chemical characteristics of ground water in and around Thanjavur town V Mariappan, MR Rajan, AD Ravindran, PP Rabakaran Indian Journal of Environmental Protection 25 (6), 551 , 2005 2005 Citations: 21
Effect of vermicompost prepared from hotel wastes on growth and production of radish and cowpea. MR Rajan, R Mahalakshmi 2007 Citations: 20
Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles using tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract J Mekala, MR Rajan, R Ramesh Indian Journal of Research 52, 14-16 , 2016 2016 Citations: 17
Impact of different quantity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth and hematology of Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala JWE Nanotechnology-JWENT Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology , 2021 2021 Citations: 15
