Arun Shanmugam

RESEARCH, TEACHING, or OTHER INTERESTS

Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Science, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Drug Discovery

Scopus Publications

Review of the current clinical and preclinical evidence pertaining to the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds (Nigella sativa)
Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, and Arun Shanmugam
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Humans and other vertebrates are safeguarded from invading pathogenic microbes by the immune system. Black seed, scientifically known as Nigella sativa, has garnered attention for its potential immunomodulatory effects in both clinical and preclinical studies. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate and analyze the existing body of evidence surrounding the immunological impact of black seeds. In this review, we analyze the immunomodulatory potentials of black seeds (N. sativa). For the purpose of finding pertinent publications, the literatures was searched in web-based databases, including Web of Science, Medline/PMC/PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and reference lists. Several clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that supplementation with black seeds (N. sativa) has potential immunomodulatory activity. Black seeds (N. sativa) may influence immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. By synthesizing and critically assessing the current state of knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of black seeds, this review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic uses and future research directions for harnessing the immunological benefits of this natural remedy.


A Review of Potentials of Carica Papaya Leaves in Dengue Viral Infection - Insights of Clinical and Preclinical Studies
Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, Arun Shanmugam, Mirunalini Gobinath, and Mohamed Harshath Jahir Hussain
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
AbstractOne of the most widespread arboviral diseases in the world, dengue virus disease (DVD) is primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting 129 countries. The main way that the dengue virus (DENV) spreads is through the bite of a female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Symptomatic therapy and supportive care are the primary methods of managing patients with DENV infection as there is currently no approved antiviral medication for this condition. Since the guidelines from the AYUSH Ministry, Government of India, recommend 10 ml of carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) twice daily for seven days, to treat dengue fever clinically, we plan to review the potential of carica papaya in managing DENV infection.Using terms like dengue, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and carica papaya, the literature was searched in databases like Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to find articles relevant to the clinical, in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico studies evaluating the efficacy of carica papaya in the management of dengue viral infection. This review included English-language publications that supported the use of carica papaya in the treatment of dengue fever, but it excluded publications that were duplicates.Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations, such as in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico studies, have identified carica papaya's anti-dengue potential. The pleiotropic effects of carica papaya, including its anti-thrombocytopenic activity, immunomodulatory effects, and larvicidal property against the Aedes aegypti mosquito species, have also been confirmed by numerous in-vitro and in-vivo studies. These effects can help patients with dengue fever by elevating their platelet count and alleviating other symptoms.To hasten recovery and reduce hospital stays, patients with DENV infection may take carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) in addition to supportive care and symptomatic treatment. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials would be necessary to confirm the safety and effectiveness of CPLE in patients with DENV infection.


A Narrative Review on the Potential of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) in the Management of West Nile Virus Infection
Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen, Rajkapoor Balasubramanian, and Arun Shanmugam
Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) infection is a mosquito-borne illness that is endemic to Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Australia, and Europe. WNV-infected individuals can only be managed with symptomatic therapy and supportive care at this point of time. Thus, we have analyzed the possible beneficial effects of black seeds (N. sativa) in this literature review. To find relevant articles, various online databases, such as the Web of Science, Medline, PMC, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and reference lists were searched. The antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of black seeds (N. sativa) have been established by numerous clinical, animal, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. It has been found that black seeds (N. sativa) have the potential to be included as adjuvant therapy in addition to symptomatic treatment and supportive care in the early stages of WNV infection once randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) affirm the safety and efficacy of black seeds (N. sativa) in WNV infection management as they have been considered the gold standard of treatment in clinical studies.

RECENT SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

A Review of Potentials of Carica Papaya Leaves in Dengue Viral Infection–Insights of Clinical and Preclinical Studies
NMP Maideen, R Balasubramanian, A Shanmugam, M Gobinath, ...
Drug Research 2025



Review of the Current Clinical and Preclinical Evidence Pertaining to the Immunomodulatory Effects of Black Seeds (Nigella sativa)
R Balasubramanian, NMP Maideen, A Shanmugam
Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine, 10.1097 2025



A Narrative Review on the Potential of Black Seeds (Nigella Sativa) in the Management of West Nile Virus Infection
NMP Maideen, R Balasubramanian, A Shanmugam
Current Nutrition & Food Science 20 (8), 908-913 2024



Pseudoephedrine-Induced Risks of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
NMP Maideen, R Balasubramanian, A Shanmugam, M Gobinath, ...
Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2024



The Prevalence of Psychiatric and Behavioral Comorbid Among Autistic adults
A Shanmugam
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 21 (2), 501-507 2024



NONINVASIVE URINE GLUCOSE DETECTION DEVICE
DS Kumar, MSA Begum, SG Waghmare, A Shanmugam, MA Jain, ...
IN Patent 416710-001 2024



Exploring the Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potential of Prunella Vulgaris Extract: A Comprehensive Biochemical and Mechanistic Investigation in Thioacetamide Liver Injury
V Venkatesan, VK Kumar, A Shanmugam, A Paria, I Singh, S Sarkhel, ...
NATURALISTA CAMPANO 28 (1), 2354-2363 2024



Histopathological studies and Cellular changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis in tertiary care Hospital in India
SK TalluriRameshwari KR, Nazia Khan, Vikas Malgotra, Ritik Kashwani, Arun ...
African Journal of Biological Sciences 6 (5), 308-320 2024



An Assessment Of Awareness And Attitude Of Pharmacy Students Toward Experiential Learning
A Kannan, K Venkatesan, V Soundharrajan, V Venkatesan, ...
2024



Assessment of Awareness about Diabetes Related Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Patients-A Prospective Study
A Shanmugam, KR Kumar, C Jose
Latin American Journal of Pharmacy: A Life Science Journal 42 (6), 1-8 2023



COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS SELECTIVE MUTISM AMONG MEDICOS AND NON-MEDICOS STUDENTS
K Ganesan, K Shanmugam, R Murugan, SR Palaniyappa, ...
Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 30 (17), 2370-2374 2023

MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS

Pseudoephedrine-Induced Risks of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
NMP Maideen, R Balasubramanian, A Shanmugam, M Gobinath, ...
Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 2024
Citations: 2