Impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system: A descriptive cross-sectional study Shaima Saadallah Abdel Wahab, Mothana Ali Khalil, Yasin H. Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma and Acute Care, 2022 Background: Various digestive symptoms caused by COVID-19 are frequently reported. This study aims to describe the most frequent digestive signs in patients with COVID-19, the relationship between the severity of digestive symptoms and some serological markers associated with liver manifestation, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a stool sample, and the mortality rate of those patients. Material(s) and Method(s): A descriptive cross-sectional study on 100 confirmed COVID-19 cases with digestive and hepatic manifestation in one center (Fallujah Teaching Hospital), Anbar governorate, Iraq, during a period of study. Questioner's data were formed for all patients regarding age, sex, and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Liver function enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin (TBIL), and direct bilirubin and haematological parameters such as ferritin D-dimer, Creactive protein (CRP), albumin, amylase, leukocyte count, and prothrombin time were used. SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in stool is determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction according to manufacturer's instructions. The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 was also determined. Data were followed up until April 22, 2022. Result(s): Patients with digestive symptoms who had COVID-19 had an average age of 45.03 (SD 20.078), 52 (52%) were men, and 48 (48%) were women. No statistically significant variances were observed in the severity of digestive symptoms among age groups. The three digestive symptoms that patients with COVID-19 experienced most frequently were fatigue, fever, and abdominal colic. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the stool of 11% of the patients with COVID-19 with digestive signs. The COVID-19 mortality rate was 9%. Statistically, significant variance was observed in ALT (P value 0.01) and TBIL (P value 0.0027) levels between mild, moderate, and severe gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The levels of CRP varied considerably among those with mild, moderate, and severe GI conditions (P value 0.0182, according to the findings). In mild, moderate, and severe GI disorders, ferritin levels differed considerably (P value 0.05). Conclusion(s): The faecal sample with a nasopharyngeal swab is needed to confirm COVID-19 diagnosis;hepatic manifestations are connected with increased COVID-19 mortality in individuals with digestive symptoms.
Risk factors for the development of hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms Shaima Saadallah Abdel Wahab, Mothana A. Khalil, Yasin H. Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma and Acute Care, 2022 Background: Abnormalities in liver function tests (LFTs) are found in 14%-53% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. These could occur in patients with or without previous chronic liver diseases. Knowing the risk factor of liver manifestations in COVID-19 subjects is crucial for the proper management of these patients. Objective(s): We aimed to identify the risk factors for liver manifestations as well as other risk factors in COVID-19 subjects who complained of digestive manifestations. Material(s) and Method(s): COVID-19 patients with and without liver manifestations at the Emergency Department of Al Fallujah Teaching Hospital were enrolled in this study. This study covered a period from September 15, 2022, to April 22, 2022. Comparisons between patients with or without abnormal LFTs were made. The possible risk variables connected to abnormal LFTs and hepatic manifestation were investigated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result(s): Out of 100 COVID-19 patients, there were 64 suffering from mild gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. There were 26 mild cases with abnormal LFTs (40.6%). Although there were nine (total number 22) and seven (total number 14) of the moderate and severe cases with liver involvement, there was no statistically significant difference between the digestive manifestations severity and liver involvement. Increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were linked to a greater incidence of LFTs, according to multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 45.05;P < 0.0001), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST;OR: 3.462;P = 0.00041), elevated direct bilirubin (DBIL) (OR: 3.643;P < 0.001), and elevated d-dimer levels [OR]: 2.690;P < 0.0137) in liver involvement group compared with non-involvement patients. Conclusion(s): Elevated ALT, AST, DBIL, and d-dimer are potential risk factors for liver manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms.
Prevalence of Human Adenoviruses in Respiratory Tract-infected Patients in Anbar Governorate (West of Iraq): A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Riyadh A. Abd-Alazeez, Mothana A. Khalil, Hazim I. Ghazzay International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2022 Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a significant worldwide problem that causes viral respiratory tract infections affecting millions worldwide each year, especially in children and immunocompromised adults. Objective: To know the prevalence of HAdVs strains 3, 4, 7 among respiratory tract infected patients aged between 15–42 years in Anbar province (west of Iraq) using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done between 22th of January 2021 - October 11, 2021 to notice the frequency of HAdVs in Anbar governorate children and adults with respiratory infections from the various general hospitals and private clinics. Depending on our questionnaires, blood samples were taken from all those patients for hematological and serological parameters. The ELIZA test with PCR has been done depending on the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: A total of 104 respiratory tract Infected patients, 11(10.6%) patients were ELISA IgM positive, 9(8.7%) of ELISA IgM positive patients were positive using PCR technology. The 6(5.8%) patients were ELISA IgG positive for HAdV. Out of 32 mild pneumonia patients, 1(3.1%) was positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 46 moderate pneumonia patients, 6(13.0%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 26 sever pneumonia patients, 4(15.4%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 32 mild pneumonia patients, 1(3.1%) was positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 46 moderate pneumonia patients, 6(13.0%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Out of 26 sever pneumonia patients, 4(15.4%) were positive for HAdV using IgM ELIZA. Conclusion: The prevalence of HAdVs strain 7 in children with respiratory infection was 4.8%, whereas its prevalence in adults in age groups 18–50 and 51+ years was 2.9% for each group using the IgM ELIZA test.
The outcome of telemedicine services for COVID-19 patients in “Al-Anbar” province west of Iraq Mahir Ali Jasim, Hazim Ghazzay, Haitham Noaman, Mothana Khalil, Samir Johna Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma and Acute Care, 2021 Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 disease in Iraq has been a daunting challenge. Given the overwhelmed Iraqi healthcare system, healthcare directors struggled to manage this unprecedented crisis. The role of telemedicine during the coronavirus pandemic has evolved to allow for social distancing while providing appropriate health care to the community at large. Telemedicine emerged as a reasonable solution to deliver appropriate care to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: This study explores the role of telemedicine using the “WhatsApp” application between doctors and patients at home in the “Al-Anbar” province west of Iraq. Patients and Methods: All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease who were managed by a group of physicians willing to offer telemedicine service in many cities of the ”Al-Anbar” province west of Iraq were included in this study. Patients’ demographics included age, gender, disease severity, and mortality rate. All patients were followed until they were declared cured of the disease or otherwise. The telemedicine service was provided using the “WhatsApp” platform. The data were entered into a digital database for final analysis. Results: from April through July 2020, at the beginning of the disease in Iraq, 716 patients were managed inclusive of diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up using telemedicine services. Of these, 414 (57.8%) were male, and 302 (42.2%) were female. Of the males, 12 patients succumbed to the disease, resulting in a survival rate of 97.10%, whereas of the females, nine patients succumbed to the disease, resulting in a survival rate of 97.02%. Most COVID-19 patients contracted mild-to-moderate disease with a reported mortality rate of 1.2%. Those with severe disease had a higher mortality rate of 17.5%. There was a statistically significant association between the mortality rate and increasing age and COVID-19 disease severity. Conclusions: We believe that our experience using telemedicine in its most basic form proved effective in managing COVID-19 patients in areas where resources are scarce. It provided essential health care while minimizing the risk of disease spread among healthcare workers, patients, and their families.
DIPHTHERIA INCIDENCE IN ANBAR GOVERNORATE, WEST OF IRAQ DURING THE PERIOD 2009-2019 Biochemical and Cellular Archives, 2021
Socio-clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Anbar Governorate, Iraq Hazim Ghazzay, Raid M. Al-Ani, Mothana A. Khalil, Ahmed Faeq Hammad Journal of Emergency Medicine Trauma and Acute Care, 2021 Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact worldwide. Clinical symptoms vary in different countries. In addition, a wide range of symptoms involve most of the body systems including the respiratory system. However, COVID-19 has no classical presenting signs. Objective: This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized and nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. The study covered the period from May 1 to June 30, 2020. All cases were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data concerning the age, gender, residence, occupation, clinical symptoms, smoking, history of systemic diseases, and disease fate were collected from patients’ records. Results: Of 481 patients, 259 (53.8%) were male. The patient age ranged from 12 to 104 years with a mean age of 45.7 ± 16.11. Majority of the patients aged 36–58 years (n = 204, 42.4%) and were urban dwellers (n = 318, 66.1%), non-healthcare workers (n = 447, 92.9%), and nonsmokers (n = 440, 91.5%). The chief complaint was fever (n = 300, 64.2%). The mortality rate was 5.6% (n = 27). The increasing age, male gender, and a history of systemic illnesses showed an increased effect on the mortality rate (p < 0.05). Residence, occupation, and smoking status did not show significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The mortality rate was 5.6%. Fever was the main feature of COVID-19. Male, older individuals with systemic diseases showed higher mortality rate.
Incidence of mumps in Anbar Province, west of Iraq during the period 2009-2018 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2020
Comparison and correlation of cd4t cells countwith viral load prior to and after initiating haart in hiv iraqi patients Medico Legal Update, 2020
Association of epstein-barr virus (Ebv) with the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) in western region of iraq: Unmatched molecular case-control study Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2020
Breast cancer in fallujah district (Iraq), a comparative pathological study Medico Legal Update, 2020
PCR-based detection reveals threefold underdiagnoses of Group A Streptococcus and Pathogenic Non-Group A Streptococci Predominance in Iraqi Tonsillitis Patients MA Khalil, S Mohammed Salman, EM Abdullah F1000Research 15, 67 , 2026 2026
Genotype-specific Prevalence of Precore and Core Promoter Mutations in HBeAg-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Iraq. HS Jassim, MA Khalil, YH Majeed Al-Anbar Medical Journal 22 (1), 41-47 , 2026 2026
EBNA-1 Regulation of miRNA-155 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Iraqi Patients M Khalil, A Al-Esawi 2025
EBNA-1 Regulation of miRNA-155 in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Iraqi Patients A salman, M Khalil, A Al-Esawi F1000Research 14, 1433 , 2025 2025
MicroRNA-155 as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma: association with Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 AE Salman, MA Khalil, AOJ Al-Esawi Future Virology 20 (12), 559-566 , 2025 2025
Exploring the correlation between microRNA-128 and microRNA-212 expression and cytokine profiles in HPV-induced wart patients: implications for immune regulation and targeted … KA Zidan, MA Khalil, AI Alajeel Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology 34 (3) , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Coxsackie virus A6 and Coxsackie virus A10 infections in pediatric hand, foot, and mouth Disease RS Gafori, MA Khalil, A Abdullah Microbes and Infectious Diseases , 2024 2024
GENOTYPING OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS, PLANTER AND GENITAL WARTS IN ANBAR PROVINCE-IRAQ. KA Zidan, MA Khalil, AH Al-ajeel Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum 34 (3) , 2024 2024
Is the Hepatitis G Virus a Hidden Menace to Liver Health in Specific Populations? YHM Hassan Youssef Hussein,1 Mothana Ali Khalil,1 AL-ANBAR MEDICAL JOURNAL 20 (1), 62–68 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Risk factors for the development of hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms SSA Wahab, MA Khalil, YH Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2022 (6), 11 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
Impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system: A descriptive cross-sectional study SSA Wahab, MA Khalil, YH Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2022 (6), 7 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Risk factors for the development of hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms YHM Shaima Saadallah Abdel Wahab1, Mothana A. Khalil1 Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 2022 (6), 1-8 , 2022 2022
Prevalence of Human Adenoviruses in Respiratory Tract-infected Patients in Anbar Governorate (West of Iraq): A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study HIG Riyadh Ali Abd-Alazeez 1, Mothana Ali Khalil2 International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 4 (1), 1-8 , 2022 2022
The Prevalence of Brucellosis in Different cities s of Anbar governorate with focus on 2009-2019 Years: Routine database study EM Abdullah, AM Abdulla, MA Khalil, HA Owaid HIV Nursing 22 (2), 140-143 , 2022 2022
Prevalence of Human Adenoviruses in Respiratory Tract-infected Patients in Anbar Governorate (West of Iraq): A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study RA Abd-Alazeez, MA Khalil, HI Ghazzay Drug Delivery 12 (4), 1547-1551 , 2022 2022
PREVALENCE OF TORQUE TENO VIRUS AMONG BLOOD DONORS, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, THALASSEMIA PATIENTS WITH HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ HNEALK Sanaa Mohammad Abaas1, Mothana Ali Khalil2 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 32 (3) , 2022 2022
PREVALENCE OF TORQUE TENO VIRUS AMONG BLOOD DONORS, HEALTH CARE WORKERS, THALASSEMIA PATIENTS WITH HEALTHY CONTROL SUBJECTS IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ HNEALK Sanaa Mohammad Abaas1, Mothana Ali Khalil2 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 32 (3), 19169 , 2022 2022
The outcome of telemedicine services for COVID-19 patients in “Al-Anbar” province west of Iraq MA Jasim, H Ghazzay, H Noaman, M Khalil, S Johna Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2021 (3) , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Socio-clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Anbar Governorate, Iraq H Ghazzay, RM Al-Ani, MA Khalil, AF Hammad Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2021 (1), 8 , 2021 2021 Citations: 15
Socio-clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Pandemic in Anbar Governorate, Iraq H Ghazzay, RM Al-Ani, MA Khalil, AF Hammad Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute Care 1 (8) , 2021 2021
MOST CITED SCHOLAR PUBLICATIONS
Status of HIV/AIDS Over Ten Years in Iraq (2010-2019) HN Al-Koubaisy, JI Saleh, MA Khalil, N Kadhim, H Naeem, NS Khalil Prof.(Dr) RK Sharma 20 (4), 4740 , 2020 2020 Citations: 16
Socio-clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Anbar Governorate, Iraq H Ghazzay, RM Al-Ani, MA Khalil, AF Hammad Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2021 (1), 8 , 2021 2021 Citations: 15
The outcome of telemedicine services for COVID-19 patients in “Al-Anbar” province west of Iraq MA Jasim, H Ghazzay, H Noaman, M Khalil, S Johna Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2021 (3) , 2021 2021 Citations: 13
Origin, Causative and New Approach of Vaccine Design of COVID-19 MA Khalil AL-ANBAR MEDICAL JOURNAL 16 (2), 1-3 , 2020 2020 Citations: 11
Relation of Coxsackie B3 and B4 viral infections for development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children: A case-control study MA AL-Zobaei, ZR AL-Ani Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology 11 (1), 1-12 , 2019 2019 Citations: 9
Comparison between haemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests in detecting antibodies responses following influenza viral infection MAK Al-zobaei Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, G. Microbiology 4 (1), 35-38 , 2012 2012 Citations: 9
Risk factors for the development of hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms SSA Wahab, MA Khalil, YH Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2022 (6), 11 , 2022 2022 Citations: 6
A comparative study on the chest CT scan radiological findings and hematological parameters of COVID–19 and NON–COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in … BM Hassan, MA Khalil, RA Abdulhameed, AJK Al-Anbari Medico-Legal Update 20 (4), 833-40 , 2020 2020 Citations: 6
Impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system: A descriptive cross-sectional study SSA Wahab, MA Khalil, YH Majeed Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma & Acute Care 2022 (6), 7 , 2022 2022 Citations: 5
Prevalence of Pediatric brain tumor in children from a tertiary neurosurgical center, during a period from 2010 to 2018 in Baghdad, Iraq RA Atheer Ahmed Abbas, RanaFahmi Shitran, Haitham Tafash Dagash, Mothan Ali ... Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health 24 (4), 315-321 , 2021 2021 Citations: 5
Incidence of chickenpox in the lacking of universal childhood vaccination during a period 2009-2018 in Anbar Province Iraq MA Khalil, HA Obaid, SA Lafi AIP Conference Proceedings 2290 (1), 020011 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
Prevalence and clinical features of ocular adenoviral infection among patients Attended to Ibn-Alhaitham Teaching Eye Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq: A molecular study MA Mohammed, M Khalil, RA Fayyadh Medico-Legal 20 (4), 4961 , 2020 2020 Citations: 3
Association of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) with the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) in Western Region of Iraq: Unmatched Molecular Case-Control Study MTD Mothana Ali Khalil, Arkan Obaid Jasim Al-Essawi Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 14 (2), 366-372 , 2020 2020 Citations: 2
Molecular study of Beta-Haemolytic Streptococci in Patients with Tonsillitis In Ramadi City MAA Samira, M. Al-Khalifawi , Alaa A. Al-Khafaji Egypt. Acad. J. biolog. Sci. 3 (1), 33-39 , 2011 2011 Citations: 2
Exploring the correlation between microRNA-128 and microRNA-212 expression and cytokine profiles in HPV-induced wart patients: implications for immune regulation and targeted … KA Zidan, MA Khalil, AI Alajeel Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology 34 (3) , 2025 2025 Citations: 1
Is the Hepatitis G Virus a Hidden Menace to Liver Health in Specific Populations? YHM Hassan Youssef Hussein,1 Mothana Ali Khalil,1 AL-ANBAR MEDICAL JOURNAL 20 (1), 62–68 , 2024 2024 Citations: 1
Incidence of Pertussis in Anbar Province, West of Iraq, during 2009-2019 HAO E Mohammed Abdullah, A. M Abdulla , M Ali Khalil Archives of Razi Institute 76 (6), 1687-1693 , 2021 2021 Citations: 1
Incidence of Mumps in Anbar province, West of Iraq during the Period 2009-2018 MA Khalil, HA Owaid, SA Lafi Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 14 (4), 1623 , 2020 2020 Citations: 1
ROLE OF HPV, EBV IN ADDITION TO OTHER RISK FACTORS IN DEVELOPMENT OF MALIGNANT NECK MASS (MNMS) IN FALLUJAH DISTRICT WESTERN OF IRAQ : A CASE-CONTROL STUDY AAAMTD Haitham Tafash Dagash, Mothana Ali Khalil Biochemical and Cellular Archive 20 (1), 1899-1903 , 2020 2020 Citations: 1
Association Between Epstein-Barr Virus and Burkitt’s lymphoma in Western Iraq.(A molecular case-control study) AOJ Al-Fahdawi, Kalid AZ. , Khalil, M.A. ,Al-Esawi infection 3, 6 , 2016 2016 Citations: 1