The Impact of Solvent Polarity on the Phenolic and Antioxidant Capacity of Green Coffee Beans (Robusta Species) Extracts Shraddha Tripathi, Shirshika Singh, Neha Mishra, Neetu Mishra Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 2025 Recent research generally seems to support the idea that high polar solvents are the only ones capable of extracting substantial levels of polyphenolic content and antioxidant value. Thus, the current study investigated the impact of polarity of the solvent influencing the final extraction yield, the concentration of phytochemicals, and the antioxidant activity of green coffee beans (GCB). Solvents used for extraction were n-Hexane, Dichloromethane (DCM), Chloroform, Acetone, Methanol, Ethanol, Dimethyl-sulphoxide (DMSO) and Aqueous. The findings demonstrated that the evaluated solvents were crucial to the extraction of the antioxidant capacity and overall phytochemical content. Solvents with polarity index 4.1 to 5.2 were found optimal for total extractable solids, total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content. A positive correlation was quantified between polarity of the solvent and DPPH radical scavenging assay (r2 = 0.62), ABTS radical scavenging assay (r2 = 0.81) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (r2 = 0.65). A negative correlation was found between the polarity of solvent and total flavonoid content (r2 = -0.35) and total polyphenolic content (r2 = -0.06). The finding of this study indicates that medium polar solvent such as acetone, methanol and ethanol (polarity index 5.1, 5.12 and 5.2 respectively) were the best solvents for the extraction of polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in GCB. The research suggests future studies should consider variations of low, mid, and high polar solvent types for antioxidant and polyphenolic content, considering factors like plant material, phenols, methodology, temperature, and extraction duration.
Unveiling the Compositional Analysis of Green Coffee Beans with and without Silver Skin Shraddha Tripathi, Neha Mishra, Ritika Malaviya, Arshi Ansari, Simran Shrimali, et al. Recent Advances in Food Nutrition and Agriculture, 2025 Background: Green Coffee Bean (GCB) is covered with silver skin that is shed as a by-product of the roasting process. For the first time, a comparative study was conducted to differentiate the compositional analysis of green coffee beans with silver skin and without silver skin. Objective: The study aims comparatively assessing nutritional, anti-nutritional and fatty acids composition of green coffee beans with silver skin and without silver skin. The present study is also intended to find out various organic compounds of green coffee beans. Methods: The proximate analysis was used to study nutritional composition. Mineral analysis was assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The antinutrients like phytic acid and tannin were assessed by UV-visible spectroscopy whereas volumetric and gravimetric analysis was used to determine oxalates and alkaloids. Gas chromatography and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy were used for studying fatty acids and organic compounds, respectively. Results: Protein content was significantly (p<0.05) high in green coffee beans with silver skin, indicating 15% higher protein. Macro mineral content was also found significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) high in green coffee beans with silver skin, whereby 5.11% higher Phosphorus and 24.12% higher Calcium content was observed. However, iron content was 68.10% lower in green coffee beans with silver skin which might be due to its higher tannin content. Trace minerals zinc and copper were also found to contain 57.18% to 18.11% higher concentrations respectively in silver skin. Anti-nutritional analysis revealed the content of phytic acid and tannin as 161 and 77.29 mg/100g, respectively in green coffee beans with silver skin. The percentages of oxalates and alkaloids were found to be 0.64 and 14.30. These anti-nutritional compounds were significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) higher from green coffee beans without silver skin. Green coffee beans have been found with an utmost number of saturated fatty acids having palmitic acid as the most abundant. The unsaturated part is mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid. Chlorogenic acid isomers and caffeine were the organic compounds detected through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Conclusion: These findings reveal the presence of both nutritional and anti-nutritional components in Coffee silver skin, with significantly higher levels of anti-nutritional factors in green coffee with silver skin, emphasizing the need for caution in the consumption of green coffee and utilization of coffee silver skin as a valuable bioresource.
Pharmacological Perspective of Green Coffee Beans and their Metabolites: A Review Neetu Mishra, Shraddha Tripathi, Neha Mishra Current Nutrition and Food Science, 2023 Coffee is the most extensively consumed drink in the world. However, in the last few years, unroasted coffee seeds, popularly known as green coffee beans (GCB), attracted people due to its health properties. This review covers pharmacological efficacy, mechanism of action and bioactive components of green coffee beans. It contains a unique set of polyphenolic compounds, methylxanthines and diterpenes which are responsible for the astringency, flavour, smell and taste as well as for its health benefits. Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenolic compound, is the major bioactive compound in coffee beans which contributes most to the medicinal activities present in it. The finding reveals the effectiveness of green coffee beans in all parameters of metabolic syndrome by regulating adipokines. It prevents doxorubicin induced cardiomyocyte cell death and also has antimutagenic activity on the HeLa cell line and PA-1 cell line. Neuroprotective effect of GCB in degenerative disease was achieved by reducing neuroinflammatory markers TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-1β (interleukin-1β). Along with these properties, GCB has shown some potential antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective and sunscreen effects, as it contains a high sun protection factor. The findings from this study conclude that green coffee beans have shown bizarrely several health benefits, but a large number of trials and intervention are required to establish its medicinal values.
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